CN111044353A - Split Hopkinson bar tension-torsion load composite loading device and using method thereof - Google Patents
Split Hopkinson bar tension-torsion load composite loading device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0021—Torsional
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0026—Combination of several types of applied forces
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0258—Non axial, i.e. the forces not being applied along an axis of symmetry of the specimen
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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Abstract
The invention provides a split Hopkinson bar tension-torsion load composite loading device and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of split Hopkinson bar experiments, and comprising an inner bar, an outer bar, a clamp, a torque loader, an annular bullet, a cylindrical flange and a fastener, wherein the inner bar is fixed on the outer bar; the section of the inner rod is circular, the first end is a sample end for installing a sample, the second end extends into the cylindrical flange and is fixedly connected with the inner end of the cylindrical flange, and a clamp, a torque loader and an annular bullet are sequentially arranged between the first end and the cylindrical flange; the outer rod is of an L-shaped rod-shaped structure, the first end of the outer rod is provided with an impact block with a blade, the cutting edge of the impact block faces the cylindrical flange, and the second end of the outer rod is fixed on the port of the cylindrical flange; the clamp is fixed in the circumferential direction and is connected with the external rack through a fastener; the fastener is contacted with the cutting edge of the impact block with the blade; the annular bullet is connected with the inner rod in a sliding way and is externally connected with a bullet driving device. The tension-torsion combined loading test device is simple in design structure and convenient to operate, and tension-torsion combined loading tests which cannot be carried out in the prior art are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of split Hopkinson bar experiments, and particularly discloses a split Hopkinson bar tension-torsion load composite loading device and a use method thereof.
Background
Engineering structures or materials are often subjected to short-time, high-amplitude transient or impact loading, one of the main characteristics of the response of a material under such loading conditions is its high strain rate deformation, and in addition, the mechanical properties of the material, such as strength, work hardening, toughness, etc., are often significantly different from those under normal quasi-static loading conditions. Therefore, the understanding and the realization of the mechanical response characteristics of the material under high strain rate have important significance for engineering design and calculation. The realization of high-speed loading is difficult for the traditional material testing machine, and the strain rate can only reach 100s at most-1On the other hand, the requirement of higher strain rate cannot be satisfied. The split hopkinson bar is the most widely used experimental device for testing mechanical properties of materials under high strain rate at present: it can be used to test materials at 102—104s-1Stress-strain curves over a range of strain rates. Since the technology proposed by Kolsky in 1949, the hopkinson rod device has been successfully applied to the dynamic mechanical property test of various engineering materials such as metal, composite materials, polymers, rocks, concrete, foam materials and the like, and is recognized as the most common and effective test equipment for researching the mechanical property of the materials under the action of impulse dynamic load. With the deepening of scientific research and engineering application, the mechanical properties of the material under the composite dynamic load become more and more problems to be solved urgently, and the corresponding testing technical requirements are stronger and stronger.
The existing Hopkinson bar device comprises a conventional Hopkinson pressure bar, a Hopkinson pull bar, a Hopkinson torsion bar and other separate single-load loading test devices. The conventional Hopkinson pressure bar directly impacts an incident bar by a bullet to generate a compression stress wave in the incident bar; the Hopkinson pull rod is used for impacting a flange fastened on an incident rod through a high-speed bullet to form a tensile wave in the incident rod so as to perform subsequent measurement; the Hopkinson torsion bar is firstly fixed in the circumferential direction in the middle of the incident rod, then torsional load is applied to one end, far away from the test piece, of the incident rod, torsional stress waves are stored in the Hopkinson torsion bar, the circumferential fixation of the incident rod is removed instantly during testing, and the torsional stress waves can be rapidly transmitted to the direction of the test piece. Most of the conventional split Hopkinson bar testing devices are only suitable for the loading condition of single load, and cannot realize composite dynamic load test including tension and torsion. In addition, a higher-grade electromagnetic Hopkinson bar is provided, although the purpose of the composite load loading test can be achieved through the technical design of the electromagnetic Hopkinson bar theoretically, the electromagnetic Hopkinson bar is complex in technology and high in manufacturing cost, and a corresponding composite dynamic load testing device is not provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical defects that the existing split Hopkinson bar can only carry out single-load loading and cannot realize composite dynamic load tests including tension and torsion, the invention aims to provide a split Hopkinson bar tension and torsion load composite loading device and a using method thereof, and the purpose of the tension and torsion load composite loading test is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a split Hopkinson bar pulling and twisting load composite loading device which comprises an inner bar, an outer bar, a clamp, a torque loader, an annular bullet, a cylindrical flange and a fastener, wherein the inner bar is fixed on the outer bar; the section of the inner rod is circular, the first end is a sample end for installing a sample, the second end extends into the cylindrical flange and is fixedly connected with the inner end of the cylindrical flange, and a clamp, a torque loader and an annular bullet are sequentially arranged between the first end and the cylindrical flange; the outer rod is of an L-shaped rod-shaped structure, the first end of the outer rod is provided with an impact block with a blade, the cutting edge of the impact block faces the cylindrical flange, and the second end of the outer rod is fixed on the port of the cylindrical flange; the clamp is fixed in the circumferential direction and is connected with the external rack through a fastener; the fastener is contacted with the cutting edge of the impact block with the blade; the annular bullet is connected with the inner rod in a sliding way and is externally connected with a bullet driving device;
the rod body between the clamp and the first end of the inner rod is a first inner rod section, the rod body between the clamp and the second end of the inner rod is a second inner rod section, and the first inner rodThe section is used for transmitting stress wave, the second inner rod section is used for storing the stress wave, and the length of the first inner rod section isL 1 The length of the second inner rod section isL 2 The wave velocity of torsional stress wave in the inner rod isC N Wave velocity of tensile stress wave ofC L1 The wave velocity of tensile stress wave in the outer rod isC L2 WhereinC L1 Is less thanC L2 After the ring bullet impacts the cylindrical flange, the compression wave is reflected by the closed end of the cylindrical flange to become a tensile wave, one part of the tensile wave enters the inner rod, and the other part of the tensile wave enters the outer rodC L1 Is less thanC L2 The tensile stress wave of the outer rod reaches the position of the clamp before the tensile stress wave of the inner rod, the fastener connected with the clamp is broken, the clamp is released, the torsional stress wave in the inner rod is transmitted to the sample end after the clamp is relieved, and the tensile stress wave and the torsional stress wave in the inner rod 1 are required to reach the sample end at the same time because the wave speed of the tensile stress wave is greater than that of the torsional stress wave, so that the tensile stress wave and the torsional stress wave in the inner rod reach the sample end at the same timeL 1 AndL 2 satisfies formula (1):
solved by equation (1):
further, the fastener is provided with a prefabricated crack notch so as to facilitate the punching of the outer rod; the cutting edges of the edged impact blocks are located on opposite sides of the pre-crack gap.
Further, the fastener is a fastening bolt.
Further, the section of the outer rod is rectangular.
Further, the inner rod, the outer rod, the cylindrical flange and the fastener are all made of metal; the inner rod and the cylindrical flange as well as the outer rod and the cylindrical flange are welded.
The invention also provides a use method of the split Hopkinson bar tension-torsion load composite loading device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, installing a clamp, a torque loader and an annular bullet, fixing the clamp and an external frame through a fastener, and enabling the fastener to be in contact with the cutting edge of the impact block with the blade;
s2, starting the torque loader to load torque on the second inner rod section, wherein when the clamp is locked, the torque applied by the torque loader cannot be directly transmitted to the first inner rod section;
and S3, starting the bullet driving device to drive the annular bullet to the cylindrical flange, then enabling the impact block with the blade to break the fastener, enabling the torsional stress wave and the tensile stress wave to sequentially pass through the clamp and simultaneously reach the sample end of the first inner rod section, and realizing tension-torsion composite loading on the sample.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the split Hopkinson bar tension-torsion load composite loading device provided by the invention adopts an inner bar and an outer bar made of different materials to form an incident bar, the inner bar is circumferentially fixed through a clamp and is divided into a front part and a rear part, a second inner bar section can store torsion stress generated by a torque loader, and a first inner bar section is used for transmitting stress waves. After the annular bullet impacts the cylindrical flange, tensile stress waves are generated in the inner rod and the outer rod, and the wave velocity of the tensile stress waves in the outer rod is greater than that of the tensile stress waves in the inner rod, so that the fastener can be broken before the tensile stress waves in the inner rod reach the clamp part, the constraint of the clamp is instantly released, and the torsional stress is released. By designing the lengths of the front part and the rear part of the inner rod, torsional stress waves and tensile stress waves in the inner rod can reach the sample end at the same time, and the purpose of tension-torsion loading test is achieved. The split Hopkinson bar device based on mature technology is simple in design structure and convenient to operate, and realizes tension-torsion composite loading test which cannot be performed in the prior art.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a split hopkinson rod tension-torsion load combined loading device;
fig. 2 is a sectional view of the split hopkinson rod pulling and twisting load combined loading device.
In the figure: 1-an inner rod; 1.1-a first inner pole segment; 1.2-a second inner pole segment; 2-outer pole; 2.1-impact block with blade; 3, clamping; 4-a torque loader; 5-a ring-shaped bullet; 6-cylindrical flange; 7-a fastener; 100-external housing.
Detailed Description
The embodiment provides a split Hopkinson bar pulling and twisting load composite loading device which comprises an inner bar 1, an outer bar 2, a clamp 3, a torque loader 4, an annular bullet 5, a cylindrical flange 6 and a fastener 7; the cross section of the inner rod 1 is circular, the first end is a sample end for installing a sample, the second end extends into the cylindrical flange 6 and is fixedly connected with the inner end of the cylindrical flange 6, and a clamp 3, a torque loader 4 and an annular bullet 5 are sequentially arranged between the first end and the cylindrical flange 6; the outer rod 2 is of an L-shaped rod-shaped structure, the first end of the outer rod is provided with an impact block 2.1 with a blade, the cutting edge of the impact block faces the cylindrical flange 6, and the second end of the outer rod is fixed on the port of the cylindrical flange 6; the clamp 3 is fixed circumferentially and is connected with the external frame 100 through a fastener 7; the fastener 7 is contacted with the cutting edge of the impact block 2.1 with the blade; the annular bullet 5 is connected with the inner rod 1 in a sliding way and is externally connected with a bullet driving device;
the body of rod between anchor clamps 3 and interior pole 1 first end is first interior pole section 1.1, and the body of rod between anchor clamps 3 and interior pole 1 second end is second interior pole section 1.2, and first interior pole section 1.1 is used for transmitting the stress wave, and second interior pole section 1.2 is used for storing the stress wave, and the length of first interior pole section 1.1 isL 1 The second inner rod section 1.2 has a length ofL 2 The wave velocity of the torsional stress wave in the inner rod 1 isC N Wave velocity of tensile stress wave ofC L1 The wave velocity of tensile stress wave in the outer rod 2 isC L2 WhereinC L1 Is less thanC L2 After the ring-shaped bullet 5 impacts the cylindrical flange 6, the compression wave is reflected by the closed end of the cylindrical flange 6 to form a tensile wave, one part of the tensile wave enters the inner rod 1, and the other part of the tensile wave enters the outer rod 2C L1 Is less thanC L2 The tensile stress wave of the outer rod 2 reaches the position of the clamp 3 before the tensile stress wave of the inner rod 1, and the outer rod breaks the clamp3, releasing the clamp 3, after the clamp 3 is relieved, transmitting the torsional stress wave in the inner rod 1 to the sample end, and requiring the tensile stress wave and the torsional stress wave in the inner rod 1 to simultaneously reach the sample end because the wave velocity of the tensile stress wave is greater than that of the torsional stress wave, thenL 1 AndL 2 satisfies formula (1):
solved by equation (1):
further, the fastener 7 is provided with a prefabricated crack gap so as to facilitate the punching of the outer rod 2; the cutting edge of the edged impact block 2.1 is located on the opposite side of the precracked gap.
Further, the fastener 7 is a fastening bolt.
Further, the cross section of the outer rod 2 is rectangular.
Further, the inner rod 1, the outer rod 2, the cylindrical flange 6 and the fastener 7 are all made of metal; the inner rod 1 and the cylindrical flange 6 as well as the outer rod 2 and the cylindrical flange 6 are welded.
Further, the bullet driving means employs an existing pneumatic means.
The use method of the split Hopkinson bar tension-torsion load composite loading device comprises the following steps:
s1, installing the clamp 3, the torque loader 4 and the ring-shaped bullet 5, fixing the clamp 3 with the external frame 100 through the fastener 7, and enabling the fastener 7 to be in contact with the cutting edge of the edged impact block 2.1;
s2, starting the torque loader 4 to load torque on the second inner rod section 1.2, when the clamp 3 is locked, the torque applied by the torque loader 4 can not be directly transmitted to the first inner rod section 1.1, and the first inner rod section 1.1 is still in a loose state;
s3, starting the bullet driving device to drive the ring-shaped bullet 5 to the cylindrical flange 6, then the impact block 2.1 with the edge can break the fastener 7, and the torsional stress wave and the tensile stress wave sequentially pass through the clamp 3 and reach the sample end of the first inner rod section 1.1 at the same time, so that tension-torsion composite loading on the sample is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A split Hopkinson bar tension-torsion load composite loading device is characterized by comprising an inner bar (1), an outer bar (2), a clamp (3), a torque loader (4), an annular bullet (5), a cylindrical flange (6) and a fastener (7);
the section of the inner rod (1) is circular, the first end is a sample end for installing a sample, the second end extends into the cylindrical flange (6) and is fixedly connected with the inner end of the cylindrical flange (6), and a clamp (3), a torque loader (4) and an annular bullet (5) are sequentially arranged between the first end and the cylindrical flange (6);
the outer rod (2) is of an L-shaped rod-shaped structure, a blade impact block (2.1) with a cutting edge facing the cylindrical flange (6) is arranged at the first end, and the second end is fixed on the port of the cylindrical flange (6);
the clamp (3) is fixed in the circumferential direction and is connected with an external rack (100) through a fastener (7);
the fastener (7) is in contact with the cutting edge of the impact block (2.1) with the blade;
the annular bullet (5) is connected with the inner rod (1) in a sliding manner and is externally connected with a bullet driving device;
the rod body between the clamp (3) and the first end of the inner rod (1) is a first inner rod section (1.1), and the clamp (3) and the second end of the inner rod (1) are connectedThe rod body of (1) is a second inner rod section (1.2), and the length of the first inner rod section (1.1) isL 1 The length of the second inner rod section (1.2) isL 2 The wave velocity of the torsional stress wave in the inner rod (1) isC N Wave velocity of tensile stress wave ofC L1 The wave velocity of tensile stress wave in the outer rod (2) isC L2 WhereinC L1 Is less thanC L2 After the annular bullet (5) impacts the cylindrical flange (6), the compression wave is reflected by the closed end of the cylindrical flange (6) to form a tensile wave, one part of the tensile wave enters the inner rod (1), and the other part of the tensile wave enters the outer rod (2), because the tensile wave partially enters the inner rod (1) and partially enters the outer rod (2)C L1 Is less thanC L2 The tensile stress wave of the outer rod (2) reaches the position of the clamp (3) before the tensile stress wave of the inner rod (1), the fastener (7) connected with the clamp (3) is broken, the clamp (3) is released, after the clamp (3) is relieved, the torsional stress wave in the inner rod (1) is transmitted to the sample end, the tensile stress wave and the torsional stress wave in the inner rod (1) are required to reach the sample end at the same time, and thenL 1 AndL 2 satisfies formula (1):
solved by equation (1):
2. the split hopkinson bar tension-torsion load compound loading device of claim 1, wherein the fastener (7) is provided with a pre-crack notch;
the cutting edge of the impact block (2.1) with the blade is positioned at the opposite side of the pre-crack gap.
3. The split hopkinson bar tension-torsional load compound loading device of claim 2, wherein the fasteners (7) are fastening bolts.
4. The split hopkinson bar tension-torsion load compound loading device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cross section of the outer bar (2) is rectangular.
5. The split hopkinson bar tension-torsion load compound loading device of claim 4, wherein the inner bar (1), the outer bar (2), the cylindrical flange (6) and the fasteners (7) are all made of metal;
the inner rod (1) and the cylindrical flange (6) as well as the outer rod (2) and the cylindrical flange (6) are welded.
6. A method of using a split hopkinson bar tension torsion load compound loading apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, installing the clamp (3), the torque loader (4) and the annular bullet (5), fixing the clamp (3) and the external frame (100) through the fastener (7), and enabling the fastener (7) to be in contact with the cutting edge of the impact block (2.1) with the blade;
s2, starting the torque loader (4) to load torque on the second inner rod section (1.2);
s3, starting the bullet driving device to drive the annular bullet (5) to the cylindrical flange (6), then enabling the impact block (2.1) with the blade to break the fastener (7), enabling the torsional stress wave and the tensile stress wave to sequentially pass through the clamp (3) and simultaneously reach the sample end of the first inner rod section (1.1), and achieving tension-torsion composite loading on the sample.
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| CN201911407422.XA CN111044353B (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Split Hopkinson bar tension-torsion load composite loading device and using method thereof |
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| CN112945726A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 太原理工大学 | Split Hopkinson bar pulling/pressing-twisting dynamic composite loading device and operation method |
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| CN112945726A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 太原理工大学 | Split Hopkinson bar pulling/pressing-twisting dynamic composite loading device and operation method |
| CN112945726B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-06-07 | 太原理工大学 | Split Hopkinson bar pulling/pressing-twisting dynamic composite loading device and operation method |
| CN112964578A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-15 | 中山大学 | Dynamic composite loading incident rod |
| IT202100023933A1 (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-03-17 | Univ Politecnica Delle Marche | APPARATUS FOR SIMULTANEOUS TENSILE AND TORSION TESTS |
| CN115452551A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-09 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Pneumatic Hopkinson torsion bar device and operation method |
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