CN111044352B - Separated Hopkinson bar pressure and torsion load composite loading device and use method thereof - Google Patents
Separated Hopkinson bar pressure and torsion load composite loading device and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0021—Torsional
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0026—Combination of several types of applied forces
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0258—Non axial, i.e. the forces not being applied along an axis of symmetry of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0266—Cylindrical specimens
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Abstract
The invention provides a combined loading device for a pressure and torsion load of a split Hopkinson bar and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of split Hopkinson bar experiments, and comprising an inner bar, an outer bar, a clamp, a torque loader, a flange, a fastener and a bullet; the section of the inner rod is circular, the first end is a sample end for installing a sample, the second end is fixedly connected with the flange, and a clamp and a torque loader are sequentially arranged between the first end and the flange; the first end of the outer rod is provided with a blade impact block with a cutting edge facing the first end of the inner rod, and the second end of the outer rod is fixed on the flange; the clamp is fixed in the circumferential direction and is connected with the external rack through a fastener; the fastener is contacted with the cutting edge of the impact block with the blade; the bullet strikes the flange by means of a bullet drive. The invention has simple design structure and convenient operation, and realizes the pressure-torsion composite loading test which can not be carried out in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of split Hopkinson bar experiments, and particularly discloses a split Hopkinson bar pressure and torsion load composite loading device and a use method thereof.
Background
Engineering structures or materials are often subjected to short-time, high-amplitude transient or impact loading, one of the main characteristics of the response of a material under such loading conditions is its high strain rate deformation, and in addition, the mechanical properties of the material, such as strength, work hardening, toughness, etc., are often significantly different from those under normal quasi-static loading conditions. Therefore, the understanding and the realization of the mechanical response characteristics of the material under high strain rate have important significance for engineering design and calculation. The realization of high-speed loading is difficult for the traditional material testing machine, and the strain rate can only reach 100s at most-1On the other hand, the requirement of higher strain rate cannot be satisfied. The split hopkinson bar is the most widely used experimental device for testing mechanical properties of materials under high strain rate at present: it can be used to test materials at 102—104s-1Stress-strain curves over a range of strain rates. Since the technology proposed by Kolsky in 1949, the hopkinson rod device has been successfully applied to the dynamic mechanical property test of various engineering materials such as metal, composite materials, polymers, rocks, concrete, foam materials and the like, and is recognized as the most common and effective test equipment for researching the mechanical property of the materials under the action of impulse dynamic load. With the deepening of scientific research and engineering application, the mechanical properties of the material under the composite dynamic load become more and more problems to be solved urgently, and the corresponding testing technical requirements are stronger and stronger.
The existing Hopkinson bar device comprises a conventional Hopkinson pressure bar, a Hopkinson pull bar, a Hopkinson torsion bar and other separate single-load loading test devices. The conventional Hopkinson pressure bar directly impacts an incident bar by a bullet to generate a compression stress wave in the incident bar; the Hopkinson pull rod is used for impacting a flange fastened on an incident rod through a high-speed bullet to form a tensile wave in the incident rod so as to perform subsequent measurement; the Hopkinson torsion bar is firstly fixed in the circumferential direction in the middle of the incident rod, then torsional load is applied to one end, far away from the test piece, of the incident rod, torsional stress waves are stored in the Hopkinson torsion bar, the circumferential fixation of the incident rod is removed instantly during testing, and the torsional stress waves can be rapidly transmitted to the direction of the test piece. Most of the conventional split Hopkinson bar testing devices are only suitable for the loading condition of a single load, and cannot realize composite dynamic load testing including pressure torsion. In addition, a higher-grade electromagnetic Hopkinson bar is provided, although the purpose of the composite load loading test can be achieved through the technical design of the electromagnetic Hopkinson bar theoretically, the electromagnetic Hopkinson bar is complex in technology and high in manufacturing cost, and a corresponding composite dynamic load testing device is not provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical defects that the existing split Hopkinson bar can only carry out single-load loading and cannot realize the composite dynamic load test including the pressure torsion, the invention aims to provide a split Hopkinson bar pressure torsion load composite loading device and a use method thereof, and the purpose of the pressure torsion load composite loading test is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a separated Hopkinson bar pressing and twisting load composite loading device which comprises an inner bar, an outer bar, a clamp, a torque loader, a flange, a fastener and a bullet, wherein the inner bar is connected with the outer bar through the clamp; the section of the inner rod is circular, the first end is a sample end for installing a sample, the second end is fixedly connected with the flange, and a clamp and a torque loader are sequentially arranged between the first end and the flange; the first end of the outer rod is provided with a blade impact block with a cutting edge facing the first end of the inner rod, and the second end of the outer rod is fixed on the flange; the clamp is fixed in the circumferential direction and is connected with the external rack through a fastener; the fastener is contacted with the cutting edge of the impact block with the blade; the bullet impacts the flange through the bullet driving device;
the rod body between the clamp and the first end of the inner rod is a first inner rod section, the rod body between the clamp and the second end of the inner rod is a second inner rod section, the first inner rod section is used for transmitting stress waves, the second inner rod section is used for storing the stress waves, and the length of the first inner rod section isL 1 The length of the second inner rod section isL 2 The wave velocity of torsional stress wave in the inner rod isC N Wave velocity of compression stress wave ofC Y1 The wave velocity of the compression stress wave in the outer rod isC Y2 WhereinC Y1 Is less thanC Y2 After the bullet strikes the flange, the compression stress wave passes through the flangeOne part enters the inner rod and the other part enters the outer rod becauseC Y1 Is less thanC Y2 The compression stress wave of the outer rod reaches the position of the clamp before the compression stress wave of the inner rod, the fastener connected with the clamp is broken, the clamp is released, the torsional stress wave in the inner rod is transmitted to the sample end after the clamp is relieved, and the compression stress wave and the torsional stress wave in the inner rod 1 are required to reach the sample end at the same time because the wave speed of the compression stress wave is greater than that of the torsional stress wave, so that the outer rod can be used for clamping the sample end in a clamping modeL 1 AndL 2 satisfies formula (1):
solved by equation (1):
further, the fastener is provided with a prefabricated crack notch so as to facilitate the punching of the outer rod; the cutting edges of the edged impact blocks are located on opposite sides of the pre-crack gap.
Further, the fastener is a fastening bolt.
Further, the section of the outer rod is rectangular.
Further, the inner rod, the outer rod, the flange and the fastener are all made of metal; the inner rod and the flange as well as the outer rod and the flange are welded.
The invention also provides a use method of the split Hopkinson bar pressure and torsion load composite loading device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a clamp and a torque loader, fixing the clamp and an external frame through a fastener, and enabling the fastener to be in contact with the cutting edge of the impact block with the blade;
s2, starting the torque loader to load torque on the second inner rod section, wherein when the clamp is locked, the torque applied by the torque loader cannot be directly transmitted to the first inner rod section;
and S3, starting the bullet driving device to drive the bullet to the flange, then punching the fastener by the impact block with the blade, and enabling the torsional stress wave and the compressive stress wave to sequentially pass through the clamp and simultaneously reach the sample end of the first inner rod section to realize the compression-torsion composite loading of the sample.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a separated Hopkinson bar pressure and torsion load composite loading device, wherein an incident bar is formed by an inner bar and an outer bar which are made of different materials, the inner bar is circumferentially fixed through a clamp and is divided into a front part and a rear part, a second inner bar section can store torsional stress generated by a torque loader, and a first inner bar section is used for transmitting stress waves. After the bullet strikes the flange, compression stress waves are generated in the inner rod and the outer rod, and the wave velocity of the compression stress waves in the outer rod is larger than that of the compression stress waves in the inner rod, so that the fastener can be broken before the compression stress waves in the inner rod reach the clamp part, the constraint of the clamp is instantly released, and the torsional stress is released. By designing the lengths of the front part and the rear part of the inner rod, torsional stress waves and compressive stress waves in the inner rod can reach the sample end at the same time, and the purpose of the compression-torsion loading test is achieved. The split Hopkinson bar device based on mature technology is simple in design structure and convenient to operate, and realizes the pressure-torsion combined loading test which cannot be performed in the prior art.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a split hopkinson rod pressing and twisting load combined loading device;
fig. 2 is a sectional view of the split hopkinson rod pressing and twisting load combined loading device.
In the figure: 1-an inner rod; 1.1-a first inner pole segment; 1.2-a second inner pole segment; 2-outer pole; 2.1-impact block with blade; 3, clamping; 4-a torque loader; 5-a flange; 6-a fastener; 100-external housing.
Detailed Description
The embodiment provides a combined loading device for a pressure and torsion load of a split Hopkinson bar, which comprises an inner bar 1, an outer bar 2, a clamp 3, a torque loader 4, a flange 5, a fastener 6 and a bullet; the cross section of the inner rod 1 is circular, the first end is a sample end for installing a sample, the second end is fixedly connected with a flange 5, and a clamp 3 and a torque loader 4 are sequentially arranged between the first end and the flange 5; the first end of the outer rod 2 is provided with an impact block 2.1 with a blade, the cutting edge of which faces the first end of the inner rod 1, and the second end of the impact block is fixed on the flange 5; the clamp 3 is fixed in the circumferential direction and is connected with an external frame 100 through a fastener 6; the fastener 6 is contacted with the cutting edge of the impact block 2.1 with the blade; the bullet strikes the flange 5 through a bullet driving device, and the arrow direction in fig. 1 is the bullet incidence direction;
the body of rod between anchor clamps 3 and interior pole 1 first end is first interior pole section 1.1, and the body of rod between anchor clamps 3 and interior pole 1 second end is second interior pole section 1.2, and first interior pole section 1.1 is used for transmitting the stress wave, and second interior pole section 1.2 is used for storing the stress wave, and the length of first interior pole section 1.1 isL 1 The second inner rod section 1.2 has a length ofL 2 The wave velocity of the torsional stress wave in the inner rod 1 isC N Wave velocity of compression stress wave ofC Y1 The wave velocity of the compression stress wave in the outer rod 2 isC Y2 WhereinC Y1 Is less thanC Y2 After the bullet strikes the flange 2, one part of the compression stress wave enters the inner rod 1, and the other part of the compression stress wave enters the outer rod 2 because of the fact thatC Y1 Is less thanC Y2 The compression stress wave of the outer rod 2 reaches the position of the clamp 3 before the compression stress wave of the inner rod 1, the fastener 6 connected with the clamp 3 is broken, the clamp 3 is released, the torsional stress wave in the inner rod 1 is transmitted to the sample end after the clamp 3 is relieved, and the compression stress wave and the torsional stress wave in the inner rod 1 are required to reach the sample end at the same time because the wave velocity of the compression stress wave is greater than that of the torsional stress wave, so that the outer rod 2 can be used for preventing the torsional stress wave from being damaged and preventing the torsion stress wave from being damagedL 1 AndL 2 satisfies formula (1):
solved by equation (1):
further, the fastener 6 is provided with a prefabricated crack gap so as to facilitate the punching of the outer rod 2; the cutting edge of the edged impact block 2.1 is located on the opposite side of the precracked gap.
Further, the fastener 6 is a fastening bolt.
Further, the cross section of the outer rod 2 is rectangular.
Further, the inner rod 1, the outer rod 2, the flange 5 and the fastener 6 are all made of metal; the inner rod 1 and the flange 5 as well as the outer rod 2 and the flange 5 are welded.
Further, the bullet driving means employs an existing pneumatic means.
The use method of the split Hopkinson bar pressure and torsion load combined loading device comprises the following steps:
s1, installing the clamp 3 and the torque loader 4, fixing the clamp 3 and the external frame 100 through the fastener 6, and enabling the fastener 6 to be in contact with the cutting edge of the impact block 2.1 with the edge;
s2, starting the torque loader 4 to load torque on the second inner rod section 1.2, when the clamp 3 is locked, the torque applied by the torque loader 4 can not be directly transmitted to the first inner rod section 1.1, and the first inner rod section 1.1 is still in a loose state;
s3, starting the bullet driving device to drive the bullet to the flange 5, then punching the fastener 6 by the impact block 2.1 with the edge, enabling the torsional stress wave and the compressive stress wave to sequentially pass through the clamp 3 and simultaneously reach the sample end of the first inner rod section 1.1, and realizing the compression-torsion composite loading of the sample.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The combined loading device for the pressure and torsion load of the split Hopkinson bar is characterized by comprising an inner bar (1), an outer bar (2), a clamp (3), a torque loader (4), a flange (5), a fastener (6) and a bullet;
the cross section of the inner rod (1) is circular, the first end is a sample end for installing a sample, the second end is fixedly connected with a flange (5), and a clamp (3) and a torque loader (4) are sequentially arranged between the first end and the flange (5);
the first end of the outer rod (2) is provided with an impact block (2.1) with a blade, the cutting edge of the impact block faces the first end of the inner rod (1), and the second end of the impact block is fixed on the flange (5);
the clamp (3) is fixed in the circumferential direction and is connected with an external rack (100) through a fastener (6);
the fastener (6) is in contact with the cutting edge of the impact block (2.1) with the blade;
the bullet impacts the flange (5) through a bullet driving device;
the rod body between the clamp (3) and the first end of the inner rod (1) is a first inner rod section (1.1), the rod body between the clamp (3) and the second end of the inner rod (1) is a second inner rod section (1.2), and the length of the first inner rod section (1.1) is equal to that of the first inner rod sectionL 1 The length of the second inner rod section (1.2) isL 2 The wave velocity of the torsional stress wave in the inner rod (1) isC N Wave velocity of compression stress wave ofC Y1 The wave velocity of the compression stress wave in the outer rod (2) isC Y2 WhereinC Y1 Is less thanC Y2 After the bullet strikes the flange (5), the compression stress wave enters the inner rod (1) through one part of the flange (5) and enters the outer rod (2) through the other part of the flange (5)C Y1 Is less thanC Y2 The compression stress wave of the outer rod (2) reaches the position of the clamp (3) before the compression stress wave of the inner rod (1), the fastener (6) connected with the clamp (3) is broken, the clamp (3) is released, and after the clamp (3) is relieved, the torsional stress wave in the inner rod (1) is transmitted to the sample end, so that the compression stress wave and the torsional stress wave in the inner rod (1) are required to be transmitted to the sample end at the same timeWhen it reaches the sample end, thenL 1 AndL 2 satisfies formula (1):
solved by equation (1):
2. the split hopkinson bar compression and torsion load compound loading device of claim 1, wherein the fastener (6) is provided with a pre-crack notch;
the cutting edge of the impact block (2.1) with the blade is positioned at the opposite side of the pre-crack gap.
3. The split hopkinson bar compression and torsion load compound loading device of claim 2, wherein the fasteners (6) are fastening bolts.
4. The split hopkinson bar compression and torsion load compound loading device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cross section of the outer bar (2) is rectangular.
5. The split Hopkinson bar pressure and torsion load composite loading device according to claim 4, wherein the inner bar (1), the outer bar (2), the flange (5) and the fastener (6) are all made of metal;
the inner rod (1) and the flange (5) as well as the outer rod (2) and the flange (5) are welded.
6. A method of using the split hopkinson rod compressive and torsional load compound loading device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, installing the clamp (3) and the torque loader (4), fixing the clamp (3) and the external frame (100) through the fastener (6), and enabling the fastener (6) to be in contact with the cutting edge of the impact block (2.1) with the blade;
s2, starting the torque loader (4) to load torque on the second inner rod section (1.2);
s3, starting the bullet driving device to drive the bullet to the flange (5), then punching the fastener (6) by the impact block (2.1) with the edge, enabling the torsional stress wave and the compressive stress wave to sequentially pass through the clamp (3) and simultaneously reach the sample end of the first inner rod section (1.1), and realizing the compression-torsion composite loading of the sample.
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| CN112945726B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-06-07 | 太原理工大学 | Split Hopkinson bar pulling/pressing-twisting dynamic composite loading device and operation method |
| CN112964578B (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-06-17 | 中山大学 | Dynamic composite loading incident rod |
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