CN112964578B - Dynamic composite loading incident rod - Google Patents
Dynamic composite loading incident rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN112964578B CN112964578B CN202110161021.1A CN202110161021A CN112964578B CN 112964578 B CN112964578 B CN 112964578B CN 202110161021 A CN202110161021 A CN 202110161021A CN 112964578 B CN112964578 B CN 112964578B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0026—Combination of several types of applied forces
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Abstract
The application discloses a dynamic composite loading incident rod, which comprises a first rod section, a second rod section and a pressure-torsion metamaterial section; the first rod section, the pressure-torsion metamaterial section and the second rod section are sequentially arranged along the same axial direction; one end of the pressure-torsion metamaterial section is connected with one end of the first rod section, and the other end of the pressure-torsion metamaterial section is connected with one end of the second rod section. The compression/tension wave can be converted into the compression torsion/tension torsion composite wave by utilizing the compression torsion metamaterial section, and when the first rod section is impacted, the second rod section can output compression/tension and torsion composite load through the compression torsion metamaterial section, so that the composite loading test requirement can be met. The structural improvement creatively applies the metamaterial combination into the incident rod, so that the improved incident rod has a composite loading function. Compared with the existing composite loading implementation mode, the compression/tension wave and the torsion wave are generated at the second rod section at the same time, and the problem of synchronous triggering does not exist; and the structure is simple, and the complexity of the device is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of material dynamic experiments, in particular to a dynamic composite loading incident rod.
Background
In a series of practical problems in a wide range of fields such as various engineering technologies, military technologies, scientific research, and even in daily life, people can encounter various explosion/impact load problems, and can observe that the mechanical response of an object under the explosion/impact load is significantly different from that under the static load. High strain rate deformation is one of the main characteristics of material response, therefore, understanding the mechanical response of materials at high strain rates will greatly contribute to the engineering applications and engineering designs of these materials. At present, the split hopkinson bar is the most widely used experimental device for testing the mechanical properties of materials under high strain rate, has been successfully applied to the dynamic mechanical property test of various engineering materials such as metal, composite materials, polymers, rocks, concrete, foam materials and the like, and is a well-known experimental device for most frequently and effectively researching the mechanical properties of materials under the action of pulse dynamic load. With the deepening of scientific research and engineering application, the mechanical properties of the material under the composite dynamic load become more and more problems to be solved urgently, and the corresponding testing technical requirements are stronger and stronger.
The existing split Hopkinson bar device is provided with a compression bar, a pull bar and a torsion bar, which are only suitable for the loading condition of single load and cannot realize composite loading test (such as tension-torsion and compression-torsion composite loading). Part has the disconnect-type hopkinson pole device of compound loading function, and its implementation mainly is plus moment of torsion loader, but this kind of implementation, the device is whole complicated, and compression wave and torsion wave's synchronous triggering is difficult, and it is also comparatively inconvenient to implement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the first objective of the present application is to provide a dynamic composite loading incident rod, which can be applied to a traditional split type hopkinson rod experiment loading device, so as to meet the requirement of a composite loading test, and compared with the existing composite loading implementation manner, the dynamic composite loading incident rod is helpful for reducing the complexity of the device, does not have the problem of synchronous triggering of compression waves and torsion waves, and is more convenient and simpler to implement.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the application provides a dynamic composite loading incident rod, which comprises a first rod section, a second rod section and a compression-torsion metamaterial section;
the first rod section, the pressure-torsion metamaterial section and the second rod section are sequentially arranged along the same axial direction;
one end of the pressure torsion metamaterial section is connected with one end of the first rod section, and the other end of the pressure torsion metamaterial section is connected with one end of the second rod section.
Furthermore, two ends of the pressure-torsion metamaterial section are respectively bonded with one end of the first rod section and one end of the second rod section.
Furthermore, two ends of the pressure-torsion metamaterial section are respectively provided with a convex part;
one end of the first rod section and one end of the second rod section are respectively provided with an inner groove for the clamping of the protruding part and the interference fit of the protruding part.
Furthermore, protruding parts are arranged at the ends, connected with the pressure-torsion metamaterial section, of the first rod section and the second rod section;
and the two ends of the pressure torsion metamaterial section are respectively provided with an inner groove for the clamping of the protruding part and the interference fit of the protruding part.
Further, the protruding portion is a polygonal protruding structure.
Further, the second pole segment has a length greater than one diameter of itself.
According to the technical scheme, the dynamic composite loading incident rod comprises a first rod section, a pressure torsion metamaterial section and a second rod section which are sequentially arranged along the same axis direction, wherein the pressure torsion metamaterial section is respectively connected with the first rod section and the second rod section. The compression/tension wave can be converted into the compression torsion/tension torsion composite wave by utilizing the compression torsion metamaterial section, and when the first rod section is impacted, the second rod section can output compression/tension and torsion composite load through the compression torsion metamaterial section, so that the composite loading test requirement can be met. The structural improvement creatively applies the metamaterial to the incident rod, so that the improved incident rod has a composite loading function. Compared with the existing composite loading implementation mode, the compression/tension wave and the torsion wave are generated at the second rod section at the same time, and the problem of synchronous triggering does not exist; and the structure is simple, and the complexity of the device is greatly reduced. In addition, the material parameters of the metamaterial can be designed by adjusting, so that different experimental requirements can be met, and the metamaterial can be implemented more conveniently.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic composite loading incident rod provided in the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first fit of a lobe and an inner groove of a dynamic compound loaded input rod as provided herein;
FIG. 3 is a second schematic illustration of a projection of a dynamic compound-loaded input rod and an inner groove as provided herein;
in the figure: 11. a first pole segment; 12. a second pole segment; 13. pressing and twisting the metamaterial section; 21. a boss portion; 22. an inner groove.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the embodiments in the present application.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have specific orientations, be configured in specific orientations, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are used broadly and are defined as, for example, a fixed connection, an exchangeable connection, an integrated connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and a communication between two elements, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The embodiment of the application discloses a dynamic composite loading incident rod.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of a dynamic compound-loaded incident beam provided in the embodiment of the present application includes:
a first pole segment 11, a second pole segment 12 and a compression torsion metamaterial segment 13. The first rod section 11, the pressure torsion metamaterial section 13 and the second rod section 12 are sequentially arranged along the same axis direction, one end of the pressure torsion metamaterial section 13 is connected with one end of the first rod section 11, and the other end of the pressure torsion metamaterial section is connected with one end of the second rod section 12.
According to the technical scheme, the dynamic composite loading incident rod is provided with the first rod section 11 and the second rod section 12, the pressure torsion metamaterial section 13 is connected between the first rod section 11 and the second rod section 12, the pressure torsion metamaterial section 13 has the function of converting stress waves, when the first rod section 11 is impacted along the length direction of the rod, the second rod section 12 can output pressure torsion/tension torsion composite loads through the pressure torsion metamaterial section 13, and the composite loading test requirements can be met. The structural improvement creatively applies the metamaterial to the incident rod, so that the improved incident rod has a composite loading function. Compared with the existing composite loading implementation mode, the compression/tension wave and the torsion wave are generated at the second rod section at the same time, and the problem of synchronous triggering does not exist. And simple structure uses also simple and conveniently, can realize the compound loading experiment with the incident pole among this application improved incident pole direct replacement traditional disconnect-type hopkinson pole experiment loading device, need not to remove other parts among the traditional disconnect-type hopkinson pole experiment loading device of change again, has reduced the complexity of device greatly, has reduced manufacturing cost and follow-up maintenance cost. Moreover, in the application, the pressure-torsion metamaterial section 13 is arranged between the first rod section 11 and the second rod section 12, and the second rod section 12 can provide certain propagation distance of tensile/compressive waves and torsional waves, so that the tensile/compressive waves and the torsional waves can tend to be stable before reaching a piece to be tested, and the precision of an experimental result is improved. The compression torsion metamaterial in the application is also called a tension torsion metamaterial, a compression torsion coupling metamaterial and a tension torsion coupling metamaterial, the specific material types are not limited, and a good compression torsion/tension torsion effect can be realized. The incident rod is not limited to be applied to an experimental device (such as a split-type hopkinson pressure rod device) containing a pressure-torsion composite load requirement or an experimental device (such as a split-type hopkinson pull rod device) containing a tension-torsion composite load requirement, and can also be applied to other devices requiring composite load, and a person skilled in the art can make appropriate selection and application according to actual needs.
In addition, the material parameters of the metamaterial can be designed by adjusting, so that different experimental requirements can be met, and the implementation is more convenient. Taking the amplitude of the compression/tension wave and the torsion wave coming out of the second section of rod as an example:
wherein the compression/tension wave calculation formula is:
the formula for calculating the torsional wave is as follows:
wherein sigmaiIs the size of the incident wave of the first rod segment, SAIs the equivalent cross-sectional area of the first rod segment, EAIs the equivalent modulus of elasticity, ρ, of the first rod segmentAIs the first pole segment equivalent density.
SBFor equivalent cross-sectional area of the compression-torsion metamaterial section, EBIs the equivalent elastic modulus, rho, of the compression-torsion metamaterial sectionBIs the equivalent density, G, of the compression-torsion metamaterial sectionBIs the equivalent shear modulus of the compression-torsion metamaterial segment, h is the length of the compression direction of the compression-torsion metamaterial segment, RBThe equivalent sectional area radius of the compression-torsion metamaterial section; k is a radical ofcThe pressure-torsion coupling coefficient of the pressure-torsion metamaterial segment is shown.
SCIs the equivalent cross-sectional area of the second rod segment, ECIs the second segment equivalent modulus of elasticity, GCIs the equivalent shear modulus, ρ, of the second rod segmentCIs the second rod segment equivalent density, RCIs the equivalent cross-sectional area radius of the second rod segment.
Therefore, the compression/tension wave amplitude of the second rod section 12 and the torsion wave amplitude of the second rod section 12 can be controlled by changing the equivalent elastic modulus of the pressure-torsion metamaterial section 13, the equivalent density of the pressure-torsion metamaterial section 13, the equivalent shear modulus of the pressure-torsion metamaterial section 13, the pressure-torsion coupling coefficient of the pressure-torsion metamaterial section 13, the equivalent sectional area of the pressure-torsion metamaterial section 13 and the equivalent density of the pressure-torsion metamaterial section 13, and a person skilled in the art can make appropriate changes on the basis of the change, and is not limited in particular.
The above is a first embodiment of a dynamic composite loading incident beam provided in the present application, and the following is a second embodiment of a dynamic composite loading incident beam provided in the present application, specifically please refer to fig. 1 to fig. 3.
The scheme based on the first embodiment is as follows:
further, as for the connection manner of the compression torsion metamaterial section 13, two ends of the compression torsion metamaterial section 13 can be respectively bonded with one end of the first rod section 11 and one end of the second rod section 12, that is, bonded and fixed by glue or the like.
Of course, it may also be a manner that, as shown in fig. 2, two ends of the torsion metamaterial section 13 are respectively provided with a protruding portion 21, and one ends of the first rod section 11 and the second rod section 12 are respectively provided with an inner groove 22 into which the protruding portion 21 is snapped and which is in interference fit with the protruding portion 21. Or as shown in fig. 3, a protruding portion 21 is disposed at each of the ends of the first rod segment 11 and the second rod segment 12 connected to the pressure-torsion metamaterial segment 13, and inner grooves 22 for the protruding portions 21 to be inserted into and to be in interference fit with the protruding portions 21 are disposed at each of the two ends of the pressure-torsion metamaterial segment 13. The connection and fixation are realized by the way of realizing the clamping connection through the matching of the convex part 21 and the inner groove 22. The protruding portion 21 may be a polygonal protruding structure, such as a hexagon, a pentagon, a quadrangle, a trilateral, etc. In terms of the connection and fixation manner, the method is not limited to the means provided in the embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can make appropriate changes based on the above, so as to satisfy the requirement of better fixation and connection, and also consider the convenience of disassembly, assembly and replacement, and are not limited in particular.
Further, the length of the second pole segment 12 may be determined according to the purpose of loading.
The compression/tension wave and the torsional wave travel at different speeds in the second rod section 12 and the torsional wave will be relatively slow. Assume that the second pole segment 12 has a length L2Then, the time difference between the two waves arriving at the right end of the incident rod (i.e. arriving at the piece to be tested) is:
e, ρ, ν is the modulus of elasticity, density and poisson's ratio, respectively, of the second rod segment 12.
ts，tιThe propagation times for the torsional wave and the compression/tension wave, respectively.
It can be seen from the above equation that the length of the second rod segment 12 affects the time difference between the arrival of the two waves at the right end of the incident rod. If the length of the second pole segment 12 is too small, both the compression/tension and torsion waves have not reached steady state due to boundary effects, which can affect the test results. If the length of the second rod segment 12 is too great, the time difference between the arrival of the compression/tension wave and the arrival of the torsion wave at the test piece will be significant, and the test results will also be affected. In order to ensure the accuracy of the test result, the minimum length of the second rod segment 12 in this embodiment is not too small, preferably at least larger than its own diameter, and the maximum length can be selected according to different experimental purposes, so that the compression wave and the torsion wave have a certain overlapping section.
In the first case, when the dynamic combined loading of the compression wave and the torsion wave is performed on the test piece at the same time, the length of the second rod segment 12 may be preferably one diameter larger than one diameter of the test piece itself, or three diameters smaller than three diameters of the test piece itself, or may be larger than three diameters of the test piece, and those skilled in the art may make appropriate changes based on the length, without limitation.
In the second case, when studying the dynamic frictional response at the interface, it is necessary to apply a positive pressure along the interface before applying the shear load and then apply a torque while maintaining the positive pressure to determine the friction factor. At this moment, in order to guarantee that the compression wave and the torsion wave have coincident sections, the requirements are as follows:
where T is the pulse width time of the compressional wave and 0< β <1 is a coefficient. The maximum length design of the second pole segment 12 can be performed according to the above formula, and those skilled in the art can make appropriate changes based on the above formula without limitation.
While the present application provides a dynamic compound loading incident beam, for those skilled in the art, there are variations in the specific implementation and application scope according to the ideas of the embodiments of the present application, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Claims (5)
1. The incident rod for dynamic composite loading is characterized by comprising a first rod section, a second rod section and a compression-torsion metamaterial section;
the first rod section, the pressure-torsion metamaterial section and the second rod section are sequentially arranged along the same axial direction;
one end of the pressure-torsion metamaterial section is connected with one end of the first rod section, and the other end of the pressure-torsion metamaterial section is connected with one end of the second rod section;
the compression/tension wave and the torsion wave have different propagation speeds in the second rod section, and the torsion wave is relatively slow; the length of the second rod section is larger than one-time diameter of the second rod section and smaller than three-time diameter of the second rod section;
the compression/tension wave calculation formula is:
the formula for calculating the torsional wave is as follows:
wherein sigmaiIs the size of the incident wave of the first rod segment, SAIs the equivalent cross-sectional area of the first rod section, EAIs the equivalent modulus of elasticity, ρ, of the first rod segmentAIs the first pole segment equivalent density;
SBfor equivalent cross-sectional area of the compression-torsion metamaterial section, EBIs the equivalent elastic modulus, rho, of the compression-torsion metamaterial sectionBFor the equivalent density, G, of the compression-torsion metamaterial sectionBIs the equivalent shear modulus of the compression-torsion metamaterial segment, h is the length of the compression direction of the compression-torsion metamaterial segment, RBThe equivalent sectional area radius of the compression-torsion metamaterial section; k is a radical ofcThe pressure-torsion coupling coefficient of the pressure-torsion metamaterial section is set;
SCis the equivalent cross-sectional area of the second rod segment, EcIs the second segment equivalent modulus of elasticity, GCIs the second section equivalent front shear modulus, ρCIs the second rod segment equivalent density, RCIs the equivalent cross-sectional area radius of the second rod segment.
2. The incident rod of claim 1, wherein two ends of the torsion metamaterial segment are bonded to one end of the first rod segment and one end of the second rod segment, respectively.
3. The dynamic composite loading incident rod of claim 1, wherein two ends of the torsion metamaterial section are respectively provided with a convex portion;
one end of the first rod section and one end of the second rod section are respectively provided with an inner groove for the clamping of the protruding part and the interference fit of the protruding part.
4. The incident rod of claim 1, wherein the ends of the first rod segment and the second rod segment connected to the torsion metamaterial segment are provided with protrusions;
and the two ends of the pressure torsion metamaterial section are respectively provided with an inner groove for the clamping of the protruding part and the interference fit of the protruding part.
5. A dynamic compound loaded entrance bar as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein said protrusions are polygonal protrusions.
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