CN101482472A - One-dimensional lamination crack tension test method based on Hopkinson principle - Google Patents
One-dimensional lamination crack tension test method based on Hopkinson principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN101482472A CN101482472A CNA2009100960043A CN200910096004A CN101482472A CN 101482472 A CN101482472 A CN 101482472A CN A2009100960043 A CNA2009100960043 A CN A2009100960043A CN 200910096004 A CN200910096004 A CN 200910096004A CN 101482472 A CN101482472 A CN 101482472A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an one-dimensional lamination crack drawing test method based on the Hopkinson principle, Advantages: because the incident rod and the rod shaped test piece completely or approximately satisfies the impedance match condition, the one-dimensional lamination crack drawing test of large size test piece can be performed based on the Hopkinson compressed rod; in the polyphase brittle material (such as concrete) impact characteristic experiment research field, the method can be applied for the dynamic experiment and research to the concrete containing large sized aggregate accordance with engineering reality, in order to cause the test result to have macroscopic validity; and the length of the rod shape test piece satisfies the condition: Ls=2L(impact rod)C(impact rod)Cs, the lamination drawing crack approximately occurs in the middle of the test piece, thereby, the stress adequation on the section of the test piece is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test method of characteristic of material mechanics, relate in particular to a kind of one dimension slabbing stretching test method based on the Hopkinson principle.
Background technology
Dynamic this structure The Characteristic Study that heterogeneous body, heterogeneous hard brittle material (as concrete, rock and engineering ceramics compound substance etc.) and microscopical structure thereof and damage are developed has become the interdisciplinary frontier nature research focus that current mechanics, material educational circles and engineering circle are gazed at jointly.Concrete with the widespread use of engineering circle is representative, in its course of work, except the effect of bearing dead load, also to bear the effect of dynamic load, as earthquake, wind load and blast are to the effect of building, wave is to the impact of seashore and offshore production platform, barge is to the bump of harbour, vehicle is to collision of road equipment etc., all can make concrete to be higher than the strain rate distortion of static many magnitudes, and different mechanical property when showing with static stand under load, therefore, this class heterogeneous body, the performance test research of heterogeneous hard brittle material under the dynamic load effect becomes a crucial job.And another key property of heterogeneous hard brittle material such as concrete shows and draws, the serious asymmetry of pressure degree, and for example static tensile strength is than the low about magnitude of compressive strength.Therefore, though being mainly used in, concrete bears compressive load on engineering, but under shock load, because stress wave reflection unloading effect, the unloading stretching inefficacy (as slabbing) of xoncrete structure may rise to principal contradiction, like this, different with main concern concrete compression property under the static state, dynamically down also must its dynamic tensile characteristics of special concern.Concrete dynamic tensile strength and relevant strain rate effect etc. have become modern concrete structure shock resistance dynamic value and have calculated key parameters in the damage model.
As everyone knows, experimental study to heterogeneous hard brittle material impact characteristics such as concrete, no matter abroad or domestic, first-selection all adopts the Hopkinson pressure bar experimental technique, yet, concrete is the heterogeneous material that contains different big or small aggregates on thin the sight, when its this structure of macroscopic view characteristic of research, just require sample dimensions at least than the big magnitude of aggregate size, with the validity of warranty test result on macroeconomic significance, in recent years, though many researchers utilize slabbing tension failure due to the stress wave reflection in the long test specimen or disk diametral compression test method to the research that experimentizes of concrete dynamic tensile strength, but be subjected to the restriction of Hopkinson pressure bar size, only limit to the situation of aggregate size≤12mm, the big concrete that contains the large scale aggregate for more meeting engineering reality but can't carry out the corresponding dynamic experimental study, thereby also can't the validity of warranty test result on macroeconomic significance.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind ofly can carry out the corresponding dynamic experimental study to large-size concrete, with the one dimension slabbing stretching test method based on the Hopkinson principle of the validity of warranty test result on macroeconomic significance.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: a kind of one dimension slabbing stretching test method based on the Hopkinson principle, and it may further comprise the steps:
(1), the test bar getting incident bar and make by heterogeneous hard brittle material, get drop bar simultaneously with the equal diameters of incident bar;
(2), the perpendicular end surface of incident bar one end and the perpendicular end surface of test bar one end are fitted tightly;
(3), when incident bar and test bar satisfy the condition of impedance matching fully, i.e. ρ
bC
bA
b=ρ
SC
SA
SWherein: ρ
bThe density of material of expression incident bar, C
bThe material velocity of wave of expression incident bar, A
bThe cross-sectional area of expression incident bar, ρ
SThe density of material of expression test bar, C
SThe material velocity of wave of expression test bar, A
SThe cross-sectional area of expression test bar, get the abundant same material and the test bar of specification, each test bar test once, during on-test, air gun imposes the enough big stroke speed bump incident bar of drop bar, make test bar generation slabbing tension failure to produce bigger shock wave, after this reduce stroke speed gradually, until reaching the minimum stroke speed that can make test bar generation slabbing tension failure, under this critical impact velocity, repeat repeatedly, this moment, this critical tensile stress promptly was approximately the one dimension slabbing fail in tension intensity of test bar, according to σ
Tension=ρ
bC
bV
0/ 2 obtain the one dimension slabbing fail in tension intensity of test bar, wherein ρ
bBe the density of material of incident bar, C
bBe the material velocity of wave of incident bar, V
0The minimum stroke speed of drop bar during for the generation slabbing.
(4), when incident bar and test bar are similar to the condition that satisfies impedance matching, i.e. ρ
bC
bA
b≈ ρ
SC
SA
S, foil gauge is set on incident bar, foil gauge is connected with high dynamic strain indicator;
(5), with the end of drop bar bump incident bar, by being arranged on the incident strain wave ε that foil gauge on the incident bar records incident bar
i(t) and reflection strain wave ε
r(t), according to σ
i(t)=E
0* ε
i(t) and σ
r(t)=E
0* ε
r(t) obtain incident stress wave σ on the incident bar
i(t) and reflection stress wave σ
r(t), E wherein
0The elastic modulus of expression incident bar material, and according to one-dimensional stress ripple condition (σ
i(t)+σ
r(t)) A
b=(σ
t(t)) A
SObtain importing into the transmission wave of compression σ of test bar
t(t);
(6), import the transmission wave of compression σ of test bar into
+(t) (be σ
t(t)) free end at test bar reflects, and produces reflection stretching ripple σ
-(t), and at the Z of test bar
cRupture in the position, according to transmission wave of compression σ
+(t) and reflection stretching ripple σ
-(t) obtain σ
s(Z
C, t
*)=σ
+(Z
C, t
*)+σ
-(Z
C, t
*), wherein: t
*The slabbing tension failure moment of expression test bar, Z
cThe slabbing tension failure position of expression test bar, σ
s(Z
C, t
*) expression test bar material slabbing dynamic tensile strength, σ
+(Z
C, t
*) be illustrated in test bar fracture transmission wave of compression constantly, σ
-(Z
C, t
*) be illustrated in test bar fracture reflection stretching ripple constantly.
The length of described test bar satisfies condition: L
S=2L
Drop barC
Drop bar/ C
S, wherein: L
Drop barThe length of expression drop bar, C
Drop barThe material velocity of wave of expression drop bar, C
SThe material velocity of wave of expression test bar is positioned at the centre of described test bar to guarantee fracture position that slabbing stretches.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is because the complete or approximate condition that satisfies impedance matching of incident bar and test bar, can utilize Hopkinson pressure bar to carry out the one dimension slabbing dynamic tensile test of large scale test specimen, experimental study field at heterogeneous hard brittle material impact characteristics such as concrete, adopt this technical method to carry out the corresponding dynamic experimental study, make its test findings on macroeconomic significance, have validity the concrete that contains the large scale aggregate that meets engineering reality; And the length of the test bar L that satisfies condition
S=2L
Drop barC
Drop bar/ C
S, make the approximate medium position that occurs in test specimen of slabbing tension failure, thereby guarantee the stress equalizing on the test specimen cross section.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the incident bar among the present invention and the test scheme of installation of test specimen;
Fig. 2 is the stress wave propagation synoptic diagram in the test specimen of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the loading wave oscillogram in the incident bar of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the transmitted wave in the test specimen of the present invention and the waveform comparison diagram of (incident wave+reflection wave) on the incident bar;
Fig. 5 (a) is one of stress envelope of diverse location radially on the cross section of test specimen of the present invention;
Fig. 5 (b) is on the cross section of test specimen of the present invention radially two of the stress envelope of diverse location;
Fig. 5 (c) is on the cross section of test specimen of the present invention radially three of the stress envelope of diverse location;
Stress time-history curves comparison diagram when Fig. 6 propagates vertically for stress wave in the test specimen of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment the present invention is done and to describe in further detail.
As shown in the figure, a kind of one dimension slabbing stretching test method based on the Hopkinson principle, it may further comprise the steps:
(1), the test bar 1 getting incident bar 2 and make by heterogeneous hard brittle material, when both are similar to the condition that satisfies impedance matching, i.e. ρ
bC
bA
b≈ ρ
SC
SA
S, wherein: ρ
bThe density of material of expression incident bar 2, C
bThe material velocity of wave of expression incident bar 2, A
bThe cross-sectional area of expression incident bar 2, ρ
SThe density of material of expression test bar 1, C
SThe material velocity of wave of expression test bar 1, A
SThe cross-sectional area of expression test bar 1, the length of test bar 1 satisfies condition: L
S=2L
Hit Hit barC
Drop bar/ C
S, wherein: L
Drop barThe length of expression drop bar 3, C
Drop barThe material velocity of wave of expression drop bar 3, C
SThe material velocity of wave of expression test bar 1 is got the drop bar with the equal diameters of incident bar simultaneously;
(2), the perpendicular end surface of incident bar 2 one ends and the perpendicular end surface of test bar 1 one ends are fitted tightly;
(3), foil gauge 4 is set on incident bar 2, foil gauge 4 is connected with the high dynamic strain indicator (not shown);
(4), with the end of drop bar 3 bump incident bars 2, by being arranged on the incident strain wave ε that foil gauge 4 on the incident bar 2 records incident bar 2
i(t) and reflection strain wave ε
r(t), according to σ
i(t)=E
0* ε
i(t) and σ
r(t)=E
0* ε
r(t) obtain incident stress wave σ on the incident bar
i(t) and reflection stress wave σ
r(t), E wherein
0The elastic modulus of expression incident bar material, and according to one-dimensional stress ripple condition (σ
i(t)+σ
r(t)) A
b=(σ
t(t)) A
SObtain importing into the transmission wave of compression σ of test bar 1
t(t);
(5), import the transmission wave of compression σ of test bar 1 into
+(t) (be σ
t(t)) free end 11 at test bar 1 reflects, and produces reflection stretching ripple σ
-(t), and at the Z of test bar 1
cRupture in the position, according to transmission wave of compression σ
+(t) and reflection stretching ripple σ
-(t) obtain σ
s(Z
C, t
*)=σ
+(Z
C, t
*)+σ
-(Z
C, t
*), wherein: t
*The slabbing tension failure moment of expression test bar 1, Z
cThe slabbing tension failure position of expression test bar 1, σ
s(Z
C, t
*) expression test bar 1 material slabbing dynamic tensile strength, σ
+(Z
C, t
*) be illustrated in test bar 1 fracture transmission wave of compression constantly, σ
-(Z
C, t
*) be illustrated in test bar 1 fracture reflection stretching ripple constantly.
Below be experimental feasibility checking to said method:
Cut-off directly is the incident bar 2 of 52mm, and diameter is that 52mm, length are the drop bar 3 of 300mm, and according to the condition of impedance matching, designing material is that the diameter of concrete test bar 1 is 100mm, and long is 620mm.
(1), the test of loading wave
The speed of setting drop bar 3 bump incident bars 2 is 3m/s, obtains the incident wave σ on the incident bar 2
i(t) and reflection wave σ
r(t) stress time curve as shown in Figure 3, according to one-dimensional stress ripple condition, i.e. (σ
i(t)+σ
r(t)) A
b=(σ
t(t)) A
SWherein: A
bBe the area of section of incident bar 2, A
SArea of section for test bar 1, and satisfy test bar 1 and equate condition with incident bar 2 interfacial forces, measure the transmission stress wave time-history curves (this transmission stress wave time-history curves is the dynamic load load to test bar 1) in the test bar 1, the transmitted wave σ on the test bar 1
t(t) and the incident wave σ on the incident bar 2
i(t)+reflection wave σ
r(t) time-history curves more as shown in Figure 4, both meet better as can be known from Fig. 4, that is to say to meet theoretic one-dimensional stress ripple condition (σ
i(t)+σ
r(t)) A
b=(σ
t(t)) A
S, therefore, in the actual tests, as long as by measuring the incident strain wave ε on the incident bar 2
i(t) and reflection strain wave ε
r(t), just can pass through σ
t(t)=(ε
i(t)+ε
r(t)) E
oA
b/ A
sObtain importing into the transmission wave of compression σ in the test bar 1 easily
t(t).
(2), the inhomogeneity test of test bar section stress
Load end face 4cm in test bar 1 distance, 8cm, test the stress time-histories of diverse location on the cross section at 12cm place respectively, Fig. 5 (a) expression apart from the stress distribution that loads the radially diverse location on the cross section, end face 4cm place relatively, 5 (b) expression apart from the stress distribution that loads the radially diverse location on the cross section, end face 8cm place relatively, 5 (c) expression apart from the stress distribution that loads the radially diverse location on the cross section, end face 12cm place relatively, load the end face closer locations in distance as can be seen from Figure, owing to loaded the influence on end face border, compressive stress on test bar 1 cross section does not satisfy along test specimen homogeneous condition radially, but with the stress wave propagation, the xsect upper stress distributes, and progressively trend is even.Therefore, the slabbing test for the shaft-like test specimen of large-sized concrete as long as the test coupon end is enough far away, generally gets final product greater than the specimen finish size, can think approx that basically the stress on test bar 1 xsect is uniform.And the length of setting test bar 1 among the present invention satisfies condition: L
Test specimen=2L
Drop barC
Drop bar/ C
Test specimen, make the approximate sample middle part that occurs in of one dimension stretching slabbing, therefore can assert that test bar 1 section stress is even.
(3), along the test of test specimen length direction stress wave propagation property
Measure respectively on the test bar 1 apart from the compressive stress time-history curves that loads end face 12cm, 20cm, 28cm place cross-sections surfaces, as shown in Figure 6, diameter is that the stress wave of the test bar 1 of 100mm is propagated vertically and do not had obviously decay as we know from the figure, therefore can be similar to and think that stress wave is propagated vertically and do not take place to decay, but, the concussion that two-dimentional disperse causes appears in the stress wave at the 28cm place, because concrete tensile strength is very little, therefore for larger sized concrete sample, two-dimentional dispersion effect must take in.Adopt one dimension slabbing test method of the present invention, owing to only need apply less impact velocity, the loading transmission wave of compression that imports test bar 1 into is less, consider the tension and compression asymmetry of concrete material, its tensile strength is much lower than compressive strength, therefore as long as in the tension test of one dimension slabbing, the on-load pressure pulse is controlled within the specific limits well, then can ignore the influence of fading that stress wave propagation is propagated.
By this experimental verification, it is feasible to draw above-mentioned test method.
When incident bar and test bar satisfy the condition of impedance matching fully, i.e. ρ
bC
bA
b=ρ
SC
SA
S, the length of test bar 1 satisfies condition: L
S=2L
Drop barC
Drop bar/ C
SAnd the diameter of setting drop bar 3 and the equal diameters of incident bar 2, get the abundant same material and the test bar of specification, each test bar test once, during on-test, air gun imposes the enough big stroke speed bump incident bar of drop bar, make test bar generation slabbing tension failure to produce bigger shock wave, after this reduce stroke speed gradually, until reaching the minimum stroke speed that can make test bar generation slabbing tension failure, repeat repeatedly under this critical impact velocity, this moment, this critical tensile stress promptly was approximately the one dimension slabbing fail in tension intensity of test bar, according to σ
Tension=ρ
bC
bV
0/ 2 obtain the one dimension slabbing fail in tension intensity of test bar, wherein ρ
bBe the density of material of incident bar, C
bBe the material velocity of wave of incident bar, V
0The minimum stroke speed of drop bar during for the generation slabbing.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of one dimension slabbing stretching test method based on the Hopkinson principle is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
(1), the test bar getting incident bar and make by heterogeneous hard brittle material, get drop bar simultaneously with the equal diameters of incident bar;
(2), the perpendicular end surface of incident bar one end and the perpendicular end surface of test bar one end are fitted tightly;
(3), when incident bar and test bar satisfy the condition of impedance matching fully, i.e. ρ
bC
bA
b=ρ
sC
sA
sWherein: ρ
bThe density of material of expression incident bar, C
bThe material velocity of wave of expression incident bar, A
bThe cross-sectional area of expression incident bar, ρ
sThe density of material of expression test bar, C
sThe material velocity of wave of expression test bar, A
sThe cross-sectional area of expression test bar, get the abundant same material and the test bar of specification, each test bar test once, during on-test, air gun imposes the enough big stroke speed bump incident bar of drop bar, make test bar generation slabbing tension failure to produce bigger shock wave, after this reduce stroke speed gradually, until reaching the minimum stroke speed that can make test bar generation slabbing tension failure, under this critical impact velocity, repeat repeatedly, this moment, this critical tensile stress promptly was approximately the one dimension slabbing fail in tension intensity of test bar, according to σ
Tension=ρ
bC
bV
0/ 2 obtain the one dimension slabbing fail in tension intensity of test bar, wherein ρ
bBe the density of material of incident bar, C
bBe the material velocity of wave of incident bar, V
0The minimum stroke speed of drop bar during for the generation slabbing.
(4), when incident bar and test bar are similar to the condition that satisfies impedance matching, i.e. ρ
bC
bA
b≈ ρ
sC
sA
s, foil gauge is set on incident bar, foil gauge is connected with high dynamic strain indicator;
(5), with the end of drop bar bump incident bar, by being arranged on the incident strain wave ε that foil gauge on the incident bar records incident bar
i(t) and reflection strain wave ε
r(t), according to σ
i(t)=E
0* ε
i(t) and σ
r(t)=E
0* ε
r(t) obtain incident stress wave σ on the incident bar
i(t) and reflection stress wave σ
r(t), E wherein
0The elastic modulus of expression incident bar material, and according to one-dimensional stress ripple condition (σ
i(t)+σ
r(t)) A
b=(σ
t(t)) A
sObtain importing into the transmission wave of compression σ of test bar
t(t);
(6), import the transmission wave of compression σ of test bar into
+(t) (be σ
t(t)) free end at test bar reflects, and produces reflection stretching ripple σ
-(t), and at the Z of test bar
CRupture in the position, according to transmission wave of compression σ
+(t) and reflection stretching ripple σ
-(t) obtain σ
s(Z
C, t
*)=σ
+(Z
C, t
*)+σ
-(Z
C, t
*), wherein: t
*The slabbing tension failure moment of expression test bar, Z
CThe slabbing tension failure position of expression test bar, σ
s(Z
C, t
*) expression test bar material slabbing dynamic tensile strength, σ
+(Z
C, t
*) be illustrated in test bar fracture transmission wave of compression constantly, σ
-(Z
C, t
*) be illustrated in test bar fracture reflection stretching ripple constantly.
2, a kind of one dimension slabbing stretching test method based on the Hopkinson principle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the length of described test bar satisfies condition: L
s=2L
Drop barC
Drop bar/ C
s, wherein: L
Drop barThe length of expression drop bar, C
Drop barThe material velocity of wave of expression drop bar, C
sThe material velocity of wave of expression test bar is positioned at the centre of described test bar to guarantee fracture position that slabbing stretches.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100960043A CN101482472B (en) | 2009-01-21 | 2009-01-21 | One-dimensional lamination crack tension test method based on Hopkinson principle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100960043A CN101482472B (en) | 2009-01-21 | 2009-01-21 | One-dimensional lamination crack tension test method based on Hopkinson principle |
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| CN101482472B CN101482472B (en) | 2011-04-06 |
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| CN110987593A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-10 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院工程防护研究所 | Steel fiber concrete spalling strength algorithm considering impact compression damage influence |
| CN112964578A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-15 | 中山大学 | Dynamic composite loading incident rod |
| CN112964578B (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-06-17 | 中山大学 | Dynamic composite loading incident rod |
| CN113063682A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-07-02 | 陕西大工旭航电磁科技有限公司 | System and method for testing dynamic performance of material in complex stress state |
| CN113063682B (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2024-06-11 | 陕西大工旭航电磁科技有限公司 | System and method for testing dynamic performance of material under complex stress state |
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