CN203148798U - Micro dynamic tension/compression test system with preloading function - Google Patents
Micro dynamic tension/compression test system with preloading function Download PDFInfo
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- CN203148798U CN203148798U CN 201320186536 CN201320186536U CN203148798U CN 203148798 U CN203148798 U CN 203148798U CN 201320186536 CN201320186536 CN 201320186536 CN 201320186536 U CN201320186536 U CN 201320186536U CN 203148798 U CN203148798 U CN 203148798U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a micro dynamic tension/compression test system with a preloading function and relates to a micro test system which can be used for carrying out dynamic tension on materials such as thin films or fibers and carrying out dynamic compression on block test pieces such as explosive single crystals, belonging to the technical field of dynamic impact test mechanics. Through an optimally designed tension/compression shared variable cross-section trip rod, an improved Hopkinson compression bar device and a micro Kolsky tension rod device are ingeniously combined on one test bed. Through a designed preloading device, the thin film or fiber material test pieces can be pre-tensioned before a test, so that the error in the one-dimensional propagation of stress waves in the test is reduced. By combining a set of magnetic resistance type coil emitter with a cylindrical pellet injection device, a simple and convenient two-rod system and the preloading device, the dynamic tension/compression tests can be realized. The micro dynamic tension/compression test system is compact in structure, convenient to use and suitable for the dynamic tension/compression mechanical property researches of micro test pieces.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to dynamic impulsion Experimental Mechanics field, particularly a kind of miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system with prestrain.
Background technology
In many cases, as emission of jolt bump, the spacecraft of automobile etc., material or structure often are subjected to dynamic load, and especially the mechanical response under the shock load is the important mechanical property parameters of material.The Hopkinson bar of separate type (Hopkinson) dynamic mechanical test system can be successful dynamic compression and the tensile property of test material, the mechanical property of material under two kinds of opposite high rate of strain load effects has great significance for the application of material, and the dynamic performance testing of miniature test specimen is also just becoming new demand simultaneously.But, usually the experiment of the dynamic compression of separate type all needs to carry out at different experimental facilitiess with stretching experiment, when the dynamic mechanical experimental data of a certain material of needs, often need to carry out respectively dynamic compression and two kinds of experiments of dynamic tensile, comparatively inconvenience.
Pulling and pressing integrated Hopkinson dynamic mechanical test at present all on the basis of constrictor folk prescription realize pulling and pressing integrated to increasing the device that stretches, Chinese patent (publication number: CN101666724A) disclose and a kind ofly drive bullet to the right or accelerate to have realized the experimental provision of the conversion of two kinds of load modes left by two-way emission gas big gun, but this device can't realize stretching and compression experiment carries out simultaneously, the type of drive of this device bullet mainly is the form by pneumatic actuation, and need the track of the emission left of design respectively and the track of launching to the right, that installs is bulky, cost is relatively more expensive, and radiating portion independence and system of bars, need take bigger space and place, also not have the intensive of implement device.Number of patent application: 201220500760.5 utility models disclose a kind of Hopkinson lever apparatus of pulling and pressing integratedization, this device adopts reluctance type solenoid transmitter, realized the integrated of stretching experiment and compression test device, but this device has adopted two cover reluctance type solenoid transmitters respectively for stretching experiment and compression experiment, fail to embody the advantage that Electromagnetic Drive can two-way emission, this system has adopted two cover stretching bar and bullets simultaneously, device is complicated, does not also embody the convenience of device.Test for the dynamic tensile of material at present, especially film and fibrous material test specimen (Jaeyoung Lim, James Q, Zheng, Karl Masters, Weinong W.Chen.Effects of gage length, loading rates, and damage on the strength of PPTA fibers, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 38 (2011) 219-227), because the rigidity of material is low, the test specimen clamping is relaxed state often, when stress wave when propagating into the test specimen that is relaxed state, its one-dimensional stress wave propagation rule of following can be had a strong impact on, and can cause very big experimental error to the Hopkinson bar experiment of propagating based on the one-dimensional stress ripple.But at present to this problem not being carried out fine solution as yet in the disclosed device.
Therefore, how to solve that the influence for stress wave propagation just becomes problem demanding prompt solution in the present MATERIALS ' DYNAMIC stretching experiment (especially film and fibrous material).How effectively dynamic tensile and compression experiment effectively to be integrated simultaneously, improve the experiment judicial convenience of device and the space occupancy of reduction device and become an important problem that improves conventional efficient.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system with prestrain, solving in the present MATERIALS ' DYNAMIC stretching experiment (especially film and fibrous material) problem that influences for stress wave propagation, and can't be effectively dynamic tensile and compression experiment such as be effectively integrated at problem.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model discloses a kind of miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system with prestrain, it is characterized in that: comprising: variable cross section drop bar, the Micro-force sensor that worktable, accurate crane, reluctance type coil transmitter, prestrain assembly, air bearing, compression transmission bar, tension and compression share and the cylindric bullet that has breach;
Described reluctance type coil transmitter is connected with described stationary table by accurate crane with the prestrain assembly, the variable cross section drop bar that described compression transmission bar and described tension and compression share is supported on the described worktable by described air bearing friction free, and described air bearing is fixedly mounted on the described worktable by described accurate crane;
Described compression transmission bar and prestrain assembly are arranged in the both sides of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression;
The endpiece of described reluctance type coil transmitter parallels with alternation of cross-section place of the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share,
Described Micro-force sensor is fixed on an end of the variable cross section drop bar that the close described tension and compression on the described fixed bar share;
The described cylindric bullet that has a breach is coaxial with variable cross section drop bar and described reluctance type coil transmitter that described tension and compression share respectively, and between variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share and reluctance type coil transmitter, do not have by magnetic levitation during the described cylindric bullet emission that has a breach and frictionally be enclosed within on the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression.
Further, wherein:
The one rod member that the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share is made up of heavy in section bar and small bore bar,
Described miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system is when carrying out compression experiment, big xsect one end of the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share links to each other with described compression transmission bar by compression specimens, the described cylindric bullet that has breach impinges upon alternation of cross-section place of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression when launching, make bar one end transmission in heavy in section be compressed into ejected wave.
Further, wherein:
The one rod member that the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share is made up of heavy in section bar and small bore bar,
Described miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system is when carrying out stretching experiment, little xsect one end of the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share directly links to each other with described Micro-force sensor by tensile test specimen, the described cylindric bullet that has breach impinges upon alternation of cross-section place of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression when launching, make the one end transmission of small bore bar be drawn into ejected wave.
Further, wherein:
The one rod member that the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share is made up of heavy in section bar and small bore bar,
Described miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system is when carrying out tension and compression and test simultaneously, big xsect one end of the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share links to each other with described compression transmission bar by compression specimens, little xsect one end of the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression simultaneously share links to each other with described Micro-force sensor by tensile test specimen, the described cylindric bullet that has breach impinges upon alternation of cross-section place of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression when launching, make bar one end transmission in heavy in section be compressed into ejected wave, make the one end transmission of small bore bar be drawn into ejected wave simultaneously.
Further, wherein:
Described prestrain assembly further comprises: ultrasound electric machine stator, driving governor and rotary type ultraphonic motor, wherein,
Described rotary type ultraphonic motor is connected with described driving governor, ultrasound electric machine stator and Micro-force sensor, is used for regulating the position of described Micro-force sensor and the condition of preload of described tensile test specimen in the prestrain process;
Described driving governor is connected with described rotary type ultraphonic motor, is used for the displacement of the described rotary type ultraphonic motor of control;
Described ultrasound electric machine stator is connected with fixed bar with described rotary type ultraphonic motor, is used for the described fixed bar of drive and Micro-force sensor and moves.
The utility model compared with prior art has following advantage and outstanding technique effect:
The first, described in the utility model have the miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment of a prestrain system, the rod member of variable cross section drop bar that adopts tension and compression to share has replaced stretching incident bar and boss and the Hopkinson compression incident bar of traditional Kolsky stretching experiment, realize multi-use, modularization and the judicial convenience of dynamic experimental device have further been promoted by the shared not same-action of variable cross section drop bar in dynamic tensile and dynamic compression experiment of tension and compression, realized the integrated of compression and stretching experiment, device can be changed under two kinds of loading forms easily.
Second, miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system with prestrain described in the utility model, the characteristics of reluctance type Electromagnetic Launching have effectively been utilized, the reluctance type coil transmitter is placed a side of the shared medium and small cross section rod of variable cross section drop bar of tension and compression, the alternation of cross-section of the variable cross section drop bar that the cylindric projectile impact tension and compression by having breach share is in and has obtained reflected tensile stress wave obtains transmission simultaneously in big cross section rod compression stress wave in the little cross section rod, realized separating of Hopkinson compression stress wave and Kolsky tensile stress wave, realize that first unidirectional emission can carry out the experiment of dynamic compression and dynamic tensile simultaneously, improved the efficient activity of apparatus structure greatly.
The 3rd, miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system with prestrain described in the utility model has adopted the prestrain assembly, having reduced the low material (as film and fibrous material) of rigidity it is relaxed state when clamping influences for stress wave propagation, make the described miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system can be based on one-dimensional stress wave propagation theory, well improved the reliability of experimental signal, reduced the influence of two dimension and three-dimensional dispersion effect aspect in the stress wave propagation simultaneously, guarantee in the dynamic tensile experiment the complete dynamic load for material, thereby efficiently solved the problem of current thin film and fibrous material stress wave propagation in the dynamic tensile experiment.
Four, the miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system with prestrain described in the utility model, characteristics with miniaturization design convenience simple in structure at the impact loading experiment of microminiature test specimen especially film and fibrous material test specimen, with low cost, design ingenious.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the described miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system schematic with prestrain of the utility model embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the concrete structure synoptic diagram of prestrain assembly 15 in the miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system with prestrain described in Fig. 1.
Among the figure: the 1-worktable; The 2-air bearing; 3-compresses transmission bar; The variable cross section drop bar that the 4-tension and compression share; The 5-foil gauge; 6-has the cylindric bullet of breach; 7-reluctance type coil transmitter; The 8-Micro-force sensor; The 9-fixed bar; The 10-signal amplifier; The 11-signal picker; 12-ultrasound electric machine stator; The 13-driving governor; The 14-rotary type ultraphonic motor; 15-prestrain assembly; The 16-compression specimens; The 17-tensile test specimen; The accurate crane of 18-; The little force test system of 19-.
Embodiment
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system with prestrain, utilize prestrain system and little power acquisition system to eliminate the lax influence for stress wave propagation of test specimen in the experiment, realized in film and the fibrous material test specimen based on the dynamic mechanical experimental study of one-dimensional stress ripple theory.The ingenious variable cross section drop bar that has adopted tension and compression to share of the utility model replaces stretching incident bar and boss and the Hopkinson compression incident bar of traditional Kolsky stretching experiment simultaneously, realize multi-use, realized that unidirectional emission can be carried out the dynamic compression experiment simultaneously and dynamic tensile is tested.
As shown in Figure 1, be a kind of miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system schematic with prestrain that the utility model embodiment provides, the miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment of described prestrain system mainly comprises: variable cross section drop bar 4, micro-force measurement assembly 19, foil gauge 5, reluctance type coil transmitter 7 and prestrain assembly 15 that compression transmission bar 3, tension and compression share; The local structure for amplifying synoptic diagram of the prestrain assembly 15 that Fig. 2 provides for the utility model, wherein
Described compression transmission bar 3 is supported on the worktable 1 by friction free air bearing 2 with the variable cross section drop bar 4 that described tension and compression share, the middle part of described compression transmission bar, the big cross section rod of the variable cross section drop bar that tension and compression share middle part, foil gauge 5 is pasted at the middle part of little cross section rod, be used for the strain signal in the shared variable cross section drop bar of collection experiment compression transmission bar and tension and compression, reluctance type coil transmitter 7 is placed in the variable cross section position of the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share, described reluctance type coil transmitter is fixed on the worktable by accurate crane 18, described reluctance type coil transmitter endpiece parallels with alternation of cross-section place of the variable cross section drop bar that tension and compression share, place the cylindric bullet 6 that has breach in the reluctance type coil transmitter, the described cylindric bullet that has a breach is coaxial with variable cross section drop bar and reluctance type coil transmitter that tension and compression share, being placed between tension and compression shared the variable cross section drop bar and reluctance type coil transmitter by magnetic suspension zero-friction during emission, the described cylindric bullet that has breach accelerates by the reluctance type coil transmitter in experiment and alternation of cross-section place of the variable cross section drop bar that the bump tension and compression share produces stress wave, this stress wave produces after reflection and transmission in alternation of cross-section place of the variable cross section drop bar that tension and compression share and separates, in the big cross section rod of the variable cross section drop bar that tension and compression share, produce respectively and be compressed into ejected wave, in little cross section rod, produce and be drawn into ejected wave, thereby big cross section rod realizes the Hopkinson compression experiment with the compression transmission bar, little cross section rod be Micro-force sensor 8, prestrain assembly 15 is realized the Kolsky stretching experiment, the breach that has the cylindric bullet of breach is designed for the influence of eliminating the eddy current decelerative force that produces when it accelerates in the reluctance type coil transmitter, described micro-force measurement assembly 19 is positioned over the end of the little cross section rod of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression, mechanics data when being used for gathering dynamic tensile, comprise Micro-force sensor 8, signal amplifier 10 and signal picker 11, described Micro-force sensor is fixed on the fixed bar 9, be connected with described signal amplifier, described signal amplifier is connected with signal picker, described fixed bar is fixed on the worktable by accurate crane 18, the end of described fixed bar links to each other with the ultrasound electric machine stator 12 of prestrain assembly, described prestrain assembly comprises the ultrasound electric machine stator 12 that is fixed in Micro-force sensor fixed bar end, the rotary type ultraphonic motor 14 that links to each other with described ultrasound electric machine stator and the driving governor 13 that links to each other with rotary type ultraphonic motor are used for regulating the position of Micro-force sensor and the preload condition of tensile test specimen in experiment.
Below for adopting the described concrete Application Example with dynamic micro tension and compression experiment system of prestrain of the utility model embodiment:
Before carrying out the Hopkinson stretching experiment, at first need to start described prestrain assembly and carry out the prestrain operation, concrete steps are:
Step 1 at first is fixed on tensile test specimen 17 to be measured between described tension and compression shared the variable cross section drop bar and little power acquisition component, and described test specimen to be measured is relaxed state;
Step 2 is heightened the rotating speed of described rotary type ultraphonic motor 14, makes described fixed bar 9 drive Micro-force sensors and carries out fast moving, and coarse adjustment is carried out in the position of described Micro-force sensor, and stops the coarse adjustment action when described test specimen to be measured is in soon before the tension;
Step 3, the rotating speed that reduces described rotary type ultraphonic motor moves Micro-force sensor slowly, finely tunes with this position to described little power acquisition component, the preload mechanical signal occurs until described little power acquisition component, finishes preload.
After prestrain was finished, when carrying out stretching experiment, concrete operations were as follows:
At first, by the reluctance type coil transmitter the described cylindric bullet that has breach is launched towards the big cross-sectional direction of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression, the alternation of cross-section of the variable cross section drop bar that the described described tension and compression of cylindric projectile impact that have a breach share is in the little cross section rod of the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share and produces tensile stress wave, when this tensile stress wave is transmitted in the described test specimen to be measured, the tensile force that described Micro-force sensor record stress wave produces in described test specimen to be measured obtains the mechanics data;
Simultaneously, the strain signal in the foil gauge that paste at the little cross section rod middle part of the variable cross section drop bar that tension and compression are shared records and obtains strain data, finishes dynamic tensile experiment to described test specimen to be measured thereby obtain stress-strain data.
When carrying out compression experiment, concrete operations are as follows:
At first, described compression specimens 16 to be measured is positioned between the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression and the compression transmission bar;
Then, by the reluctance type coil transmitter the described cylindric bullet that has breach is launched (identical with the stretching experiment transmit direction) towards the big cross-sectional direction of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression, the alternation of cross-section of the variable cross section drop bar that the described cylindric projectile impact tension and compression that have breach share is in the big cross section rod and produces wave of compression, and is transmitted in the described test specimen to be measured test specimen realization dynamic compression;
Afterwards, described foil gauge records the big cross section rod of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression and the strain signal in the compression transmission bar, obtains strain and stress data by one-dimensional stress ripple theory, thus intact dynamic compression experiment to described test specimen to be measured.
When carrying out tension and compression and test simultaneously, concrete operations are as follows:
At first, tensile test specimen to be measured is fixed on carries out prestrain between variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share and the little power acquisition component and operate.
Secondly, the fixing position of the variable cross section drop bar that shares of tension and compression prestrain is finished after is positioned over the shared variable cross section drop bar of tension and compression with compression specimens and compresses between the transmission bar by mobile compression transmission bar.
Then, by the reluctance type coil transmitter the described cylindric bullet that has breach is launched towards the big cross-sectional direction of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression, the alternation of cross-section place generation stress wave that has the variable cross section drop bar that cylindric bullet accelerates by the reluctance type coil transmitter and the bump tension and compression share of breach, this stress wave produces after reflection and transmission at the variable cross section place of the variable cross section drop bar that tension and compression share and separates, in the big cross section rod of the variable cross section drop bar that tension and compression share, produce respectively and be compressed into ejected wave, in little cross section rod, produce and be drawn into ejected wave, this compression stress wave is transmitted to and realizes the dynamic compression experiment in the described compression test specimen to be measured, described foil gauge records the big cross section rod of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression and the strain signal in the compression transmission bar, obtain strain and stress data by one-dimensional stress ripple theory, thus intact dynamic compression experiment to described test specimen to be measured; When this tensile stress wave is transmitted in the described test specimen to be measured simultaneously, the tensile force that described Micro-force sensor record stress wave produces in described test specimen to be measured, obtain the mechanics data, strain signal in the foil gauge that paste at the little cross section rod middle part of the variable cross section drop bar that tension and compression share records and obtains strain data, finishes dynamic tensile experiment to described test specimen to be measured thereby obtain stress-strain data;
(application number: open 201220500760.5), this place repeats no more at utility model patent about the principle of reluctance type coil transmitter.
Those skilled in the art should understand that embodiment of the present utility model can be provided as method, system or computer program.Therefore, the utility model can adopt complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or in conjunction with the form of the embodiment of software and hardware aspect.And the utility model can adopt the form of the computer program of implementing in one or more computer-usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk memory, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.) that wherein include computer usable program code.
Above-mentioned explanation illustrates and has described some preferred embodiments of the present utility model, but as previously mentioned, be to be understood that the utility model is not limited to the disclosed form of this paper, should not regard the eliminating to other embodiment as, and can be used for various other combinations, modification and environment, and can in utility model contemplated scope described herein, change by technology or the knowledge of above-mentioned instruction or association area.And the change that those skilled in the art carry out and variation do not break away from spirit and scope of the present utility model, then all should be in the protection domain of the utility model claims.
Claims (5)
1. the miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system with prestrain is characterized in that: comprising: variable cross section drop bar, the Micro-force sensor that worktable, accurate crane, reluctance type coil transmitter, prestrain assembly, air bearing, compression transmission bar, tension and compression share and the cylindric bullet that has breach;
Described reluctance type coil transmitter is connected with described stationary table by accurate crane with the prestrain assembly, the variable cross section drop bar that described compression transmission bar and described tension and compression share is supported on the described worktable by described air bearing friction free, and described air bearing is fixedly mounted on the described worktable by described accurate crane;
Described compression transmission bar and prestrain assembly are arranged in the both sides of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression;
The endpiece of described reluctance type coil transmitter parallels with alternation of cross-section place of the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share,
Described Micro-force sensor is fixed on an end of the variable cross section drop bar that the close described tension and compression on the described fixed bar share;
The described cylindric bullet that has a breach is coaxial with variable cross section drop bar and described reluctance type coil transmitter that described tension and compression share respectively, and between variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share and reluctance type coil transmitter, do not have by magnetic levitation during the described cylindric bullet emission that has a breach and frictionally be enclosed within on the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression.
2. according to the described a kind of miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system with prestrain of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The one rod member that the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share is made up of heavy in section bar and small bore bar,
Described miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system is when carrying out compression experiment, big xsect one end of the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share links to each other with described compression transmission bar by compression specimens, the described cylindric bullet that has breach impinges upon alternation of cross-section place of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression when launching, make bar one end transmission in heavy in section be compressed into ejected wave.
3. according to the described a kind of miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system with prestrain of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The one rod member that the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share is made up of heavy in section bar and small bore bar,
Described miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system is when carrying out stretching experiment, little xsect one end of the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share directly links to each other with described Micro-force sensor by tensile test specimen, the described cylindric bullet that has breach impinges upon alternation of cross-section place of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression when launching, make the one end transmission of small bore bar be drawn into ejected wave.
4. according to the described a kind of miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system with prestrain of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The one rod member that the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share is made up of heavy in section bar and small bore bar,
Described miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system is when carrying out tension and compression and test simultaneously, big xsect one end of the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression share links to each other with described compression transmission bar by compression specimens, little xsect one end of the variable cross section drop bar that described tension and compression simultaneously share links to each other with described Micro-force sensor by tensile test specimen, the described cylindric bullet that has breach impinges upon alternation of cross-section place of the shared variable cross section drop bar of described tension and compression when launching, make bar one end transmission in heavy in section be compressed into ejected wave, make the one end transmission of small bore bar be drawn into ejected wave simultaneously.
5. according to arbitrary described a kind of miniature dynamic tension and compression experiment system with prestrain in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that:
Described prestrain assembly further comprises: ultrasound electric machine stator, driving governor and rotary type ultraphonic motor, wherein,
Described rotary type ultraphonic motor is connected with described driving governor, ultrasound electric machine stator and Micro-force sensor, is used for regulating the position of described Micro-force sensor and the condition of preload of described tensile test specimen in the prestrain process;
Described driving governor is connected with described rotary type ultraphonic motor, is used for the displacement of the described rotary type ultraphonic motor of control;
Described ultrasound electric machine stator is connected with fixed bar with described rotary type ultraphonic motor, is used for the described fixed bar of drive and Micro-force sensor and moves.
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