CN111044160A

CN111044160A - Michelson interferometer

Info

Publication number: CN111044160A
Application number: CN202010077250.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵杰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-01-25
Filing date: 2020-01-25
Publication date: 2020-04-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a Michelson interferometer. The light splitting device comprises a base, a sliding block is detachably mounted on a guide rail of the base, a scale is arranged on the side face of the base, a light splitting plate is mounted on the upper portion of the base, a sliding plate is arranged on the upper portion of the sliding block, a sliding groove is formed in the sliding plate, a directional piece is fixedly mounted on the sliding block, the upper portion of the directional piece is inserted into the sliding groove, a vernier is fixedly mounted on the side face of the sliding plate, and a movable. The bottom of the movable mirror is provided with a magnet. The invention overcomes the defects of time and labor waste in the adjustment of the Michelson interferometer in the prior art. The invention can be used for the Michelson interferometer experimental teaching in college physical experiments.

Description

Michelson interferometer

Technical Field

The invention relates to an optical experimental instrument, in particular to a Michelson interferometer.

Background

The Michelson interference experiment is an experiment project which is commonly done by physical experiments of colleges and universities in China. In the prior art, the michelson interferometer comprises a base, a light splitting plate, a compensation plate, a movable reflector, an immovable reflector, a hand wheel, a fine adjustment hand wheel, a scale, a ground glass screen, a dial, a coarse adjustment hand wheel scale observation window and the like. The movable reflector is fixed on the sliding block, and the sliding block is arranged on the sliding platform. The screw thread of the sliding platform belt is meshed with the position adjusting screw rod, and the position of the movable reflector can be adjusted through the adjusting hand wheel (a rough adjusting hand wheel or a fine adjusting hand wheel) by the integral rotation of the hand wheel and the screw rod, so that a plurality of optical experiment contents (certainly, the movable reflector is matched with light sources such as a laser and the like, a beam expander and the like) can be carried out. However, in the experiment process, changing different experiment contents requires adjusting the position of the movable mirror in a large range (i.e. adjusting the distance difference between the movable mirror and the immovable mirror to the spectroscopic plate in a large range), for example, after the student finishes measuring the experiment contents of the laser wavelength, the student changes the experiment contents of equal-thickness equal-inclination interference and the like, and then needs to change the position of the movable mirror in a large range. However, the adjustment of the moving speed of the movable mirror by the hand wheel is slow and laborious, and the hand wheel needs to be turned by a lot of effort and the time is long even if the movable mirror moves by a few centimeters. Therefore, each experimental course is time-consuming and labor-consuming for teachers and students.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a Michelson interferometer capable of quickly adjusting the orientation of a movable reflector, and the Michelson interferometer is simple and convenient to operate and low in cost.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is provided with a base 1, a slide block 2 is detachably arranged on a guide rail of the base 1, the side surface of the base 1 is provided with a scale 3, the upper part of the base 1 is provided with a spectroscope 10, the upper part of the slide block 2 is provided with a slide plate 5 which can slide mutually, the slide plate 5 is provided with a slide groove 6, an orientation sheet 7 is fixedly arranged on the slide block 2, the upper part of the orientation sheet is inserted into the slide groove 6, the side surface of the slide plate 5 is fixedly provided with a vernier 4, and the upper part of the.

For a faster, wide-range adjustment of the movable mirror 8, the movable mirror 8 is provided with a magnet 9 at its bottom.

Because the invention adds the quick azimuth adjusting system of the movable reflector 8 in the Michelson interferometer in the prior art, students can quickly, labor-effectively and conveniently carry out the conversion adjustment of the position and the horizontal azimuth angle of the movable reflector 8 required by different experimental contents in the experimental process, the adjusting time of the instrument is saved, the students can save time to do more experimental contents, and the adding cost of the instrument is low.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the construction principle of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a top view of the skateboard of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the slider and cursor connection of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In fig. 1, a prior art substrate 1 is included. To simplify the drawing, the rest of all the prior art michelson interferometers except the part with the part number in fig. 1 are collectively referred to as a substrate 1, and the unshown part is replaced with a long dashed line at the bottom. The slider 2 is detachably mounted on a guide rail of the base 1. The base 1 is provided with a scale 3 on the side, and the spectroscopic plate 10 is mounted on the upper portion of the base 1. The upper part of the slide 2 is provided with (slidable relative to) a slide 5. In order to clearly show the slide 5 in fig. 1, the slide 5 is drawn with a dashed line in fig. 1. In order to make the slide plate 5 and the slider 2 slide close to each other well, the upper portion of the slider 2 should be processed into a flat shape. The slide plate 5 is made of a rectangular (the length in the direction of the guide rail and the other direction) thick steel plate (the thickness is 3-6 mm), and a strip-shaped notch is respectively arranged in the areas near the edges of two side surfaces of the slide plate 5 to be used as a sliding chute 6. The width of the sliding groove 6 is 3 mm, and the length of the sliding groove 6 is slightly smaller than that of the sliding plate 5, so that the adjusting range of the movable reflector 8 is wider. The left and right two directional pieces 7 are fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the slider 2 by screws and the upper portions are inserted into the two slide grooves 6. The thickness of the orientation sheet 7 is 2.9 mm and the width is 1-2 cm. The function of the orientation piece 7 is to ensure that the slide 5 slides along the axis, i.e. the guiding direction of the orientation piece 7. The side surface of the sliding plate 5 is fixedly provided with a vernier 4 by a screw or welding way. The horizontal installation position and height of the vernier 4 are preferably that the central scale mark (or pointer) is close to the scale 3, and the width of the vernier is 5-9 mm.

The upper part of the slide 5 carries a movable mirror 8. Unlike the prior art, the movable mirror 8 comprises a mirror surface, a bracket thereof and a mirror adjusting mechanism in the prior art, the movable mirror 8 is not fixed on the slider 2, but is independent and not fixed with other components, and the movable mirror 8 is fixed with each other movably by means of a magnet 9 fixed at the bottom thereof, so that magnetic force (including magnetic force with the slider 2 made of steel) is generated between the bottom of the movable mirror 8 and the sliding plate 5. This allows for a more rapid and wide range of adjustment of the moveable mirror 8, including both rapid adjustment of the left and right reflection angles of its mirror surface, as well as axial displacement of the moveable mirror 8. The magnet 9 on the bottom of the movable reflector 8 is fixed by bonding (or other fastening means), and the magnet 9 may be a whole square bar magnet or a plurality of magnets of other shapes.

Because the invention adds the quick adjusting system of the movable reflector in the Michelson interferometer in the prior art, students can quickly, labor-saving and conveniently carry out conversion adjustment on different experimental contents in the experimental process, the adjusting time of the instrument is saved, and the students can do more experimental contents. And the cost of the instrument is little increased.

Fig. 2 shows a top view of the slide 5, wherein the slide 5 is provided with a sliding slot 6 on each side, and the sliding slot 6 is inserted with an orientation plate 7 in a mosaic manner.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a connection between the slide 5 and the cursor 4. The sliding plate 5 and the vernier 4 are fastened by screws. The chute 6 is indicated by dashed lines.

The method of use of the present invention is described below.

1. Experimental contents for carrying out the measurement of laser wavelength: firstly, adjusting a hand wheel (comprising a rough adjustment hand wheel and a fine adjustment hand wheel) to a position of 0 mm, then adjusting a sliding plate 5 to a certain scale mark which enables a pointer of a cursor 4 to align with a scale 3, then adjusting the position of a movable reflector 8 and a horizontal and vertical azimuth angle (the horizontal azimuth angle can be quickly adjusted by horizontally screwing the movable reflector 8, which is faster than the traditional screw for adjusting the horizontal azimuth angle), enabling laser reflected by two reflectors to coincide on a ground glass screen, enabling the laser emitted by a laser to pass through a beam expander, and then shifting the sliding plate 5 to enable the ground glass screen to present a concentric ring with proper size and clearness. The initial coordinates of the movable reflector 8 at this time are recorded (the reading of the pointer of the cursor 4 aligned with the scale 3 and the readings of the two hand wheels are added), and the number of interference rings generated or disappeared is counted by adjusting the fine adjustment hand wheels, so that the subsequent experiment process is started.

2. The experimental contents of measuring the wavelength, the equal inclination or the equal thickness interference of the sodium light wave are as follows: the laser measurement experiment can increase the distance difference between the two reflectors and the light splitting plate, and the experiment contents of equal thickness, equal inclination interference and the like require that the distances between the two reflectors and the light splitting plate are equal, if the distance is adjusted by a hand wheel slowly and labouriously, but the purpose of fast approaching the distance can be realized by quickly pulling the sliding plate 5 (the interference fringes become thick and the curve becomes a quasi-straight line in the state).

Another embodiment of the present invention is to fix the movable reflector 8 on the sliding plate 5 directly by screws, in which case the magnet 9 may not be installed, and the rest of the structure is unchanged. This embodiment adjusts the cursor of the cursor 4 to the middle of the scale 3 by adjusting the slide 5 and screws the movable mirror 8 near the cursor (its position can be adjusted and corrected by observing only a few interfering rings). This method narrows the axial movement range of the movable mirror 8, and the horizontal left and right reflection angles of the mirror surface cannot be adjusted quickly. Of course, the structure of the instrument becomes simple.

The invention can be changed, for example, the orientation plate 7 and the sliding groove 6 can be arranged at other positions. But such variations do not depart from the essence of the invention.

Claims

1. The Michelson interferometer comprises a substrate 1, a sliding block 2 is detachably mounted on a guide rail of the substrate 1, a scale 3 is arranged on the side surface of the substrate 1, and a light splitting plate 10 is mounted on the upper portion of the substrate 1, and is characterized in that a sliding plate 5 is arranged on the upper portion of the sliding block 2, a sliding groove 6 is formed in the sliding plate 5, a directional piece 7 is fixedly mounted on the sliding block 2, the upper portion of the directional piece is inserted into the sliding groove 6, a vernier 4 is fixedly mounted on the side surface of the sliding plate 5, and a movable reflector.

2. The michelson interferometer of claim 1 wherein a magnet 9 is mounted to the bottom of the movable mirror 8.