CN111043900B - Medium-low temperature high-speed impact test device and test method thereof - Google Patents
Medium-low temperature high-speed impact test device and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111043900B CN111043900B CN202010001052.6A CN202010001052A CN111043900B CN 111043900 B CN111043900 B CN 111043900B CN 202010001052 A CN202010001052 A CN 202010001052A CN 111043900 B CN111043900 B CN 111043900B
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Abstract
The invention provides a middle-low temperature high-speed impact test device and a test method thereof.A protective tank body is used as a safety protection device for a shot impact test; the protective tank body is provided with a through hole for threading and pipeline, and one end of the protective tank body is provided with a tank door; a test table board and a lighting lamp are arranged in the protective tank body; the gunpowder gun and the environment box are arranged on the test table board; a target frame and a liquid nitrogen evaporation plate are arranged in the environment box; a measurement and control cable of the temperature control device is connected with the environment box, and a refrigeration pipeline of the temperature control device is connected with the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank; the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank is connected with the liquid nitrogen evaporation plate; the electromagnetic velometer is connected with the detachable gun barrel of the gunpowder gun and is connected with the oscilloscope through a cable. The device has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, small volume, simpler structure, convenient operation, high launching safety and reliability and reduced professional requirements for operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material impact tests, in particular to a medium-low temperature high-speed impact test device and a test method thereof.
Background
For structural materials used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, military, high-speed delivery and the like, such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, zirconium alloy and the like, the functions of dynamic load and temperature are service environment factors which must be considered. For example, under service conditions such as high-speed impact of space debris on an orbiting spacecraft, ballistic impact on protective armor, and blast/flyrock attack on polar equipment, structural materials are subjected to combined effects of low-temperature or variable-temperature environments and high-speed impact. On the other hand, the development of aviation, aerospace, weapons and high-speed train technologies promotes the continuous and deep research on the deformation behavior of the material under the high-speed impact condition. Therefore, higher requirements are put on high-speed impact test technology under different temperature environments.
The test technology for carrying out high-speed impact research at home and abroad comprises gunpowder cannons, gas cannons, electromagnetic cannons, energy-gathering accelerators, plasma accelerators, dust electrostatic accelerators and laser driving technologies, and can enable the shots with the sizes from millimeter to micron to obtain different impact speeds. The gunpowder gun is a device for providing energy by gunpowder and instantly releasing to push the shot to launch and fly out, for millimeter-scale shot, the instantaneous speed range of a gun muzzle is 0.3-1.5 km/s, the loading time is microsecond, and compared with other high-speed impact test devices, the gunpowder gun is small in equipment volume, simple in structure, easy to modify and capable of meeting the requirements of different environmental conditions.
At present, few high-speed impact tests under simulated low-temperature environments are developed in China, and especially, a low-temperature refrigerating device is additionally arranged on a gunpowder gun or a light gas gun, so that a mature and feasible test method capable of providing an ideal low-temperature environment for a test target material is rarely reported. The research on the high-speed impact dynamic deformation and damage behaviors of the high-performance structural material under the low-temperature or variable-temperature condition is developed, and the research on the deformation behaviors and the damage mechanisms of the material under the impact speed of 1.5km/s has important theoretical research and engineering application values. Therefore, there is a need to develop a low-temperature high-speed impact testing device and a testing method which are low in cost, high in popularization degree, safe and reliable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to develop a set of middle and low temperature high-speed impact test device used under atmospheric conditions, and provides a high-speed impact test method for solving the problem of materials under middle and low temperature environments.
A middle-low temperature high-speed impact test device comprises a gunpowder gun, an electromagnetic velometer, a target frame, an environment box, a temperature control system and a protective tank body.
The protective tank body is a safety protection device for a shot impact test; the protection tank body is provided with a through hole for threading a cable and a low-temperature pipeline, one end of the protection tank body is provided with a tank door, and a flange window is arranged on the side of the protection tank body.
A test table board and a lamp for providing illumination for the test are arranged in the protective tank body.
The gunpowder gun and the environment box are arranged on the test table; a target frame and a liquid nitrogen evaporation plate are arranged in the environment box; the measurement and control cable of the temperature control system is connected with the environment box, one end of a refrigeration pipeline of the temperature control system is connected with the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank, and the other end of the refrigeration pipeline of the temperature control system is connected with the environment box.
The electromagnetic velometer is connected with the detachable gun barrel of the gunpowder gun and is connected with an oscilloscope outside the protective tank body through a cable.
The gunpowder gun comprises a detachable gun barrel, a magazine, a gun body front end seat, a gun body tail seat, a locking bolt, a bullet, ammunition, a firing pin, a firing device and a gun frame.
Can dismantle barrel one end and be equipped with external screw thread and counter bore, can dismantle barrel and barrel front end seat and pass through threaded connection, the path terminal surface of magazine with can dismantle barrel counter bore bottom surface cooperation, the hole bottom surface cooperation of big footpath terminal surface and big body.
The other end of the front end seat of the gun body is provided with a round through hole for filling ammunition.
The tail seat of the gun body is provided with a through hole along the axis, the firing pin is positioned in the through hole, and the through hole is coaxial with the circular through hole of the front end seat of the gun body. A shot is placed in a center hole at the small diameter end of the shot bin; the large-diameter end of the magazine is provided with a cartridge chamber, and the front end of the cartridge is arranged in the cartridge chamber; the central shaft holes of the detachable gun barrel and the magazine are kept in a coaxial state after being assembled, and the detachable gun barrel and the magazine are kept in a non-coaxial state with the central shaft hole of the tail seat of the gun body; the tail seat of the gun body is connected and locked with the front seat of the gun body through two locking bolts.
The percussion device is positioned at the rear side of the tail seat of the gun body and comprises a striking rod, a spiral spring, a guide base, a safety plate, a chassis, a fixed locking bolt and a handle.
The guide base is installed on the chassis, a guide shaft hole with a non-equal diameter is processed on the guide base, a spiral spring is placed in a large hole, and part of the spiral spring is exposed out of the guide base.
One end of the impact rod is contacted with the firing pin, a rod body of the impact rod penetrates through the spiral spring and the guide base during assembly, and a handle is processed at the end part of the other end of the impact rod, which is exposed out of the guide base; and pulling the handle to enable the impact rod to compress the spiral spring and freely stretch and slide along the guide shaft hole of the guide base. A first U-shaped groove is formed on the impact rod, and a corresponding second U-shaped groove is formed on the guide base; when the striking rod is pulled to slide backwards, the notches of the first U-shaped groove and the second U-shaped groove are aligned; inserting a locking bolt between the openings of the two U-shaped grooves to enable the spiral spring to be in a compressed state and the impact rod to be fixed; a pull rope at the tail end of the fixed locking bolt is led out of the protective tank body through a flange window at the side of the protective tank body;
the safety plate is arranged between the tail of the firing pin and the head of the striking rod.
The target stand is fixed on a target stand base at the bottom of the environment box and can horizontally move on the target stand base; the target frame is provided with a target positioning chuck, and the target is arranged on the target positioning clamp.
The inner layer of the environment box is a stainless steel plate, the outer layer of the environment box is a polytetrafluoroethylene thermal insulation plate, a movable cover plate is arranged at the top of the environment box, the center part of one side of the environment box facing the muzzle is provided with an incident window consisting of a window flange and a window flange, and an aluminum foil is clamped between the window flange and the window flange for sealing the incident window; a pipeline threading flange is arranged on the back surface of the environment box close to the cover plate, and the liquid nitrogen spray pipe and the exhaust pipe provided with the funnel penetrate through the pipeline threading flange; the liquid nitrogen spray pipe is connected with a self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank, the lower part of the environment box is provided with a liquid discharge pipe, and a manual low-temperature valve is installed on the pipe head.
And a steel protective screen is arranged in the environment box, the protective screen surrounds the target holder, a circular hole with the same diameter as the window flange is formed in one side of the protective screen facing the window flange, and the center of the circular hole is coaxial with the center of the window flange.
The temperature control system comprises a self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank, a low-temperature electromagnetic valve, a liquid nitrogen input pipe, a liquid nitrogen spray head, a liquid nitrogen evaporation plate and a double-output digital display temperature controller; liquid nitrogen flows through the low-temperature electromagnetic valve and the liquid nitrogen input pipe through the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank and is sprayed onto the liquid nitrogen evaporation plate through the liquid nitrogen spray head, the liquid nitrogen evaporation plate is positioned on a target frame base in the environment box, and the inclination angle of the liquid nitrogen evaporation plate is adjustable; two temperature control instruments, namely a first temperature control instrument and a second temperature control instrument, are arranged on the double-output digital display temperature control instrument; the first temperature control instrument is used for controlling the temperature in the environment box, and the position of a first thermocouple probe of the first temperature control instrument is 10-20 mm away from the center of the target material; the second temperature control instrument is used for monitoring the temperature of the target material, and a second thermocouple probe of the second temperature control instrument is attached to the target material;
the temperature control system also comprises an infrared heating lamp bank for medium temperature control; and when the medium temperature test is carried out, two infrared lamp sets are hung on the protective screen in the environment box. The protective screen is used as a heat radiation screen and a protective plate of the lamp tube.
The invention also relates to a test method of medium-low temperature high-speed impact, which adopts the device and comprises the following steps:
(1) the test bench test device in the protective tank body comprises:
clamping the target on a target positioning chuck, and then assembling the target positioning chuck on a target frame; and adjusting the position relation between the target material and the incident window of the environment box to ensure that the pre-collision part of the target material to be detected is coaxial with the center of the incident window and the plane of the target material is vertical to the incident direction.
(2) And for the low-temperature high-speed impact test, the following steps are carried out:
and adjusting the distance and the angle between the liquid nitrogen evaporation plate and the target, adjusting the distance between the liquid nitrogen spray head and the liquid nitrogen evaporation plate, placing the first thermocouple at a position 10-20 mm away from the center of the target, and attaching the second thermocouple to the target.
And placing the protective screen into the environment box, so that the target frame is placed in the protective screen.
Covering a movable cover plate of the environment box;
(3) for high speed impact tests requiring heating below 200 ℃, the first step is skipped:
two groups of infrared heating lamp banks are installed on the protective screen, and power supply wires of the infrared heating lamp banks are connected to an insulated wiring seat on the back surface of the environment box in the environment box. And a heating power line is connected to the output end of the double-output digital display temperature controller through an insulating wire holder.
The movable cover plate of the environment box is covered.
(4) Assembling the gunpowder gun;
after vacuum grease is smeared on the projectile, the projectile is inserted from a small-diameter end hole of the projectile cabin, and the projectile is pushed to the bottom of the projectile cabin by a thin rod; assembling the small-diameter end of the magazine with a counter bore of an incident port of a detachable gun barrel; screwing the detachable gun barrel and the magazine into the front end thread of the front end seat of the gun body;
(5) inserting ammunition into a round hole at the rear end of the front end seat of the gun body, wherein the front end of the ammunition is positioned in the ammunition chamber at the large-diameter end of the ammunition magazine, and the bottom surface of the ammunition tail is flush with the rear end surface of the front end seat of the gun body; assembling the tail seat of the gun body with the front seat of the gun body;
(6) placing the firing pin into a through hole formed in the tail seat of the gun body along the axis, enabling the firing pin to contact the edge of the bottom of the ammunition, and installing the firing device on the tail seat of the gun body;
(7) putting the combined gunpowder gun and the firing device on a gun rack on a test table of the protective tank body together; aligning a muzzle to a target pre-impact mark point, and connecting an electromagnetic velometer to the outlet end of the detachable gun barrel; the position relation between the speed measuring pipe orifice and the target material is calibrated again;
(8) opening a liquid discharge valve of the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank, starting a double-output digital display temperature controller, cooling an environment box, and monitoring the temperature of the target material;
(9) after the target material reaches the preset temperature and is kept warm for enough time, adjusting the triggering device: firstly, pulling a handle at the tail end of the impact rod, compressing the spiral spring to enable the impact rod to move backwards, and simultaneously blocking the safety plate between the impact rod and the firing pin; then, the impact rod is pulled continuously until a transverse first U-shaped groove on the impact rod is aligned with a transverse second U-shaped groove on the guide base, the fixed locking bolt is inserted into the two U-shaped grooves, the spiral spring is compressed at the moment, and the impact rod is limited in position;
(10) adjusting a control interface of the oscilloscope and keeping an initial measurement state; monitoring the temperature and the heat preservation time of the target material;
(11) the experimental personnel close the tank door of the protective tank body, then stand on the side surface of the protective tank body, and pull the safety plate to return to the initial position through the window; pulling a pull rope connected with the fixed locking bolt to separate the fixed locking bolt from the guide base; at the moment, the spiral spring pushes the striking rod to strike the striking pin, and the gunpowder gun drives the shot to be shot from the gun muzzle through gunpowder to strike the target material;
(12) reading a signal captured by the oscilloscope, recording the time t of the projectile passing through the velocity measurement ring, and calculating the projectile velocity V which is L/t, wherein L is the distance between two Faraday rings of the electromagnetic velocity measurer;
(13) and stopping heating or cooling. For the test of soaking the target material by using liquid argon or liquid nitrogen, opening a liquid discharging valve of an environment box, discharging and recycling the residual low-temperature liquid;
(14) opening a movable cover plate of the environment box, and taking down the target material when the temperature of the target material returns to be close to room temperature;
(15) taking down the gunpowder gun from the gun rack, sequentially detaching the firing device, the firing pin and the locking bolt, and separating the tail seat of the gun body from the front seat of the gun body; the detachable gun barrel is disassembled, and the magazine is taken out;
(16) taking out the empty cartridge case of the ammunition from the magazine, and cleaning the magazine and the detachable gun barrel;
(17) and after the impact test is finished, repeating the steps and testing again.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) simple structure, low in manufacturing cost is convenient for promote in the laboratory. The testing device has small volume and simple structure, and is particularly easy to purchase and process carbon steel, stainless steel, polytetrafluoroethylene and other materials adopted by gunpowder guns, low-temperature environment boxes and the like. And the measurement and control instrument, the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen pipe and the like are general equipment and are easy to purchase.
(2) Simple operation and safe emission. The test device is simple to operate, and compared with a primary light gas gun impact test and a secondary light gas gun impact test, the test device can greatly shorten the test time. The gun body of the gunpowder gun adopts medium carbon structural steel, the structural strength is high, and meanwhile, the loading capacity is small by taking a nail shooting bullet as a driving ammunition, so that the gun body has enough safety margin; the launching device is arranged in a stainless steel tank body with the wall thickness of 10mm, and an operator is effectively protected when the shot is launched. Even if the firing is not successful due to some reason, the patient can be fired again. If the recocking is not selected, the bullet can still be safely disassembled and ejected.
(3) Is suitable for different types of pills. The device can be used for shooting steel shot and shot made of the same material as the target, and the shot can be spherical shot or cylindrical shot, and the diameter of the shot is from 3mm to 6 mm;
(4) the emission speed is adjustable and the repeatability is good. Different launching speeds can be obtained by changing the material and the diameter of the projectile; the distance between the projectile and the bullet can be adjusted by changing the depth of the small-diameter end hole of the magazine, and the launching speed is further changed. In the repeatability examination, when GCr15 steel shot with the diameter of 4mm is repeatedly launched, the highest speed of the shot is between 1.3 km/s and 1.5 km/s.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-detachable gun barrel; 2-a magazine; 3-main gun body; 4-gun tail seat; 5-locking the bolt; 6-pill; 7-ammunition; 8-a firing pin; 9-electromagnetic velometer; 10-a striker bar; 11-a coil spring; 12-a guide base; 13-a safety plate; 14-a chassis; 15-locking the bolt; 16-a handle; 17-a gun rack; 18-test table top; 19-a protective tank body; 20-a tank door protecting the tank body; 21-circular holes for threading cables and pipelines; 22-an environmental chamber; 23-environmental box cover plate; 24-a window flange; 25-window flange; 26-a pipeline threading flange plate; 27-a target stand; 28-target stand base; 29-target positioning chuck; 30-a target material; 31-a second thermocouple; 32-a first thermocouple; 33-an evaporation plate; 34-a protective screen; 35-self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank; 36-low temperature solenoid valve; 37-liquid nitrogen injection tube; 38-liquid nitrogen spray head; 39-a funnel; 40-a low temperature valve; 41-double output digital display temperature controller; 42-an oscilloscope; 43-a lighting fixture; 44-flange window at the side of the protective tank body; 45-pull rope
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described by combining the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, a middle-low temperature high-speed impact test device comprises a gunpowder gun, an electromagnetic velometer 9, a target frame 27, an environment box 22, a temperature control system and a protective tank 19;
the protective tank body 19 is used as a safety protection device for a shot impact test; the protective tank body 19 is provided with a through hole for threading and pipeline, and one end of the tank body 19 is provided with a tank door 20;
the inside of the protective tank body 19 is provided with a test table top 18, an illuminating lamp 41 and a flange window 44 arranged on the side of the protective tank body 19;
the explosive gun and environment box 22 is arranged on the test table surface 18; a target frame 27 and a liquid nitrogen evaporation plate 33 are arranged in the environment box 22; a measurement and control cable of the temperature control system is connected with the environment box 22, and a refrigeration pipeline of the temperature control system is connected with the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank 33; the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank 35 is connected with the liquid nitrogen evaporation plate 33;
the electromagnetic velometer 9 is connected with the detachable gun barrel 1 of the gunpowder gun and is connected with the oscilloscope 42 through a cable.
The gunpowder gun comprises a detachable gun barrel 1, a magazine 2, a gun body front end seat 3, a gun body tail seat 4, a locking bolt 5, a bullet 6, ammunition 7, a firing pin 8, a firing device and a gun frame 17;
the inner diameter of the detachable gun barrel 1 is 4mm, an external thread and a counter bore are arranged at one end of the detachable gun barrel 1, the detachable gun barrel 1 is connected with the front end seat 3 of the gun body through threads, the small-diameter end face of the magazine 2 is matched with the bottom face of the counter bore of the detachable gun barrel 1, and the large-diameter end face is matched with the bottom face of the inner bore of the gun body 3;
the other end of the gun body front end seat 3 is provided with a circular through hole for filling ammunition 7;
the tail seat 4 of the gun body is provided with a through hole with the diameter of 1.5mm along the axis, and the firing pin 8 is positioned in the through hole and is opposite to the round through hole of the front seat 3 of the gun body;
the center of the small-diameter end of the bullet bin 2 is provided with a hole with the diameter of 4mm and is used for placing a bullet 6; the large diameter end of the magazine 2 has a magazine chamber in which the leading end of the cartridge 7 is located; the central shaft holes of the detachable gun barrel 1 and the magazine 2 are kept in a coaxial state after being assembled, and the two are kept in a non-coaxial state with the central shaft hole of the gun body tailstock 4; the tail seat 4 of the gun body is connected and locked with the front seat 3 of the gun body through two locking bolts 5;
the percussion device is positioned at the rear side of the tail seat 4 of the gun body and comprises a striking rod 10, a spiral spring 11, a guide base 12, a safety plate 13, a chassis 14, a fixed locking bolt 15 and a handle 16;
the guide base 12 is arranged on the chassis 14, the guide base 12 is provided with a guide shaft hole with unequal diameter, the large aperture is 16mm, the small aperture is 12mm, a spiral spring 11 is arranged in the large aperture, and one third part of the spiral spring 11 is positioned outside the guide base 12;
one end of the striking rod 10 is in contact with the firing pin 8, the diameter of the end in contact with the firing pin 8 is 15mm, the diameter of the rod body is 10mm, the rod body of the striking rod 10 penetrates through the spiral spring 11 and the guide base 12 during assembly, and a handle 16 is processed at the end part of the other end of the striking rod 10, which is exposed out of the guide base 12; pulling the handle 16 to make the striking rod 10 compress the spiral spring 11 and freely slide along the guide shaft hole of the guide base 12 in a telescopic way;
a first U-shaped groove with the depth of 2.5mm and the width of 1.5mm is arranged on the impact rod 10, and a second U-shaped groove with the corresponding width of 1.5mm is arranged on the guide base 12; when the striking rod 10 is pulled to slide backwards, the notches of the first U-shaped groove and the second U-shaped groove are aligned; inserting a fixed locking bolt 15 between the openings of the two U-shaped grooves to enable the spiral spring 11 to be in a compressed state and the striking rod 10 to be fixed; a pull rope 45 at the tail end of the fixed locking bolt 15 is led out of the protective tank body 19;
the safety plate 13 is arranged between the tail part of the firing pin 8 and the head part of the striking rod 10, and the firing pin can be prevented from being struck by misoperation when the safety plate 13 is put down.
The electromagnetic velometer 9 is connected at the outlet end of the detachable gun barrel 1, when the projectile 6 passes through two velocity measurement rings with a fixed distance L in the electromagnetic velometer 9, two electromagnetic signals can be generated, two signal peaks can be displayed on an oscilloscope 42 connected with the electromagnetic velometer, and the time interval between the two signals can be read, so that the flying speed of the projectile can be calculated.
The target holder 27 is fixed on a target holder base 28 at the bottom of the environment box 22 and can horizontally move on the target holder base 28; the target holder 27 is provided with a target positioning chuck 29, and the target 30 is mounted on the target positioning clamp 29.
The inner layer of the environment box 22 is a stainless steel plate, the outer layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene thermal insulation plate, a movable cover plate 23 is arranged at the top of the environment box 22, an incident window is formed by a window flange 24 and a window flange 25 at the center part of one side of the environment box 22 facing the muzzle, and an aluminum foil is clamped between the window flange 24 and the window flange 25 to seal the incident window; a pipeline passing flange 26 is arranged on the back surface of the environment box 22 close to the cover plate 23, and a liquid nitrogen spray pipe 37 and an exhaust pipe provided with a funnel 39 pass through the pipeline passing flange 26; the liquid nitrogen spray pipe 37 is connected with the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank 35, the lower part of the environment box 22 is provided with a liquid discharge pipe, and a manual low-temperature valve 40 is arranged on the pipe head.
Set up thickness 8mm steel protective screen 34 in environment case 22 is used for preventing the incasement wall from being damaged by the pellet striking when doing the low temperature test, plays the effect of injecing liquid nitrogen gas to splash all around simultaneously. The protective screen 34 encloses the target holder 27, and a circular hole with the same diameter as the window flange 24 is formed on one side of the protective screen facing the window flange 24, and the center of the circular hole is coaxial with the center of the window flange 24.
The temperature control system comprises a self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank 35, a low-temperature electromagnetic valve 36, a liquid nitrogen input pipe 37, a liquid nitrogen spray head 38, a liquid nitrogen evaporation plate 33 and a double-output digital display temperature controller 41; liquid nitrogen flows through a low-temperature electromagnetic valve 36 and a liquid nitrogen input pipe 37 through a self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank 35 and is sprayed onto a liquid nitrogen evaporation plate 33 through a liquid nitrogen spray head 38, and the liquid nitrogen evaporation plate 33 is positioned in the environment box 22; two temperature control instruments, namely a first temperature control instrument and a second temperature control instrument, are arranged on the double-output digital display temperature control instrument 41; the first temperature control instrument is used for controlling the temperature in the environment box 22, and a first thermocouple 32 probe of the first temperature control instrument is placed at a position 10-20 mm away from the center of the target material 30; the second temperature control instrument is used for monitoring the temperature of the target material 30, and a second thermocouple 31 probe of the second temperature control instrument is attached to the target material 30;
the temperature control system also comprises an infrared heating lamp bank for medium temperature control; when the medium temperature test is carried out, the protective screen 34 is taken out of the environment box 22, two infrared lamp sets are placed on the inner side of the environment box 22, each lamp set is provided with two infrared lamp tubes with the power of 300W, the protective screen is placed between each infrared lamp set and the target frame 27, the infrared lamp sets are fixed on the protective screen, and the protective screen is used as a heat radiation screen and is also used as a protective plate of the lamp tubes.
The stainless steel protective tank body 19 is used as a safety protection device for a shot impact test, and is cylindrical in shape. One end of the protective tank body 19 is provided with two round holes which are arranged up and down, one of the round holes is a through hole 21 of a pipeline, an external refrigeration and measurement and control pipeline penetrates through the window at the upper part and is connected into the environment box, and a liquid discharge pipeline is led out from the window at the lower part; the other end of the protective tank body 19 is a tank door 20, the tank door 20 can be opened for carrying out test operation, and the tank door 20 is closed during the test. A flange window is arranged on the side surface of the tank body, a test cable of the velometer is led out from the flange and connected to a test interface of the oscilloscope 42, and a pull rope 45 fixedly locking the tail end of the bolt 15 is also led out from the window.
The main technical indexes of the device are as follows: (1) the launching speed of the projectile is 0.5 km/s-1.5 km/s; (2) the environment box body can be continuously adjusted from +/-200 ℃ to-150 ℃, and can also realize the stable control of-185 ℃ (liquid argon temperature) and-196 ℃ (liquid nitrogen temperature); (3) spherical or cylindrical shot made of steel and light alloy materials can be shot; (4) the method is applicable to target materials: from thin targets to semi-infinite targets and multi-layer targets are suitable.
And the temperature control system can be used for controlling the temperature by combining a program written based on Labview software with an NI acquisition card and a computer program besides the temperature controller. The computer program control has the advantages of faster output and feedback and more accurate temperature control.
The environmental chamber may employ a vacuum sandwich structure. When the vacuum pumping box works, the interlayer is vacuumized by using a mechanical pump, so that the heat preservation of the box body is more facilitated.
Alternatively, a multi-layer target can be subjected to a medium-low temperature impact test by replacing an environmental chamber with a similar structure and a longer inner cavity size.
The invention also relates to a test method of medium-low temperature high-speed impact, which adopts any one of the devices and comprises the following steps:
(1) a test table 18 in the protective tank 19.
The target 30 is mounted on the target positioning chuck 29, and then the target positioning chuck 29 is assembled to the target holder 27. The position relationship between the target material 30 and the incident window is adjusted to make the pre-collision part of the target material 30 to be measured coaxial with the center of the incident window and make the plane of the target material 30 vertical to the incident direction.
(2) For the low temperature high speed impact test, this step is performed:
and adjusting the distance and the angle between the liquid nitrogen evaporation plate 33 and the target 30, adjusting the distance between the liquid nitrogen spray head 38 and the liquid nitrogen evaporation plate 33, placing the first thermocouple 31 of the first temperature control instrument at a position close to the center of the target 30 by 10-20 mm, and attaching the second thermocouple 31 of the second temperature control instrument to the target 30.
The shield 34 is placed within the environmental chamber 22 with the target stand 27 disposed therein.
The removable cover 23 of the environmental chamber 22 is closed.
(3) For high speed impact tests requiring heating below 250 ℃, step (2) is skipped:
two groups of infrared heating lamp groups are mounted on the insulating lamp holders of the perforated radiant panel, and the infrared heating lamp power conductors are connected to the insulating wire holders on the back of the environmental chamber 22 in the environmental chamber 22. And a heating power line is connected to the output end of the dual-output digital display temperature controller 41 through an insulating wire holder.
The removable cover 23 of the environmental chamber 22 is closed.
(4) Assembling the gunpowder gun. After vacuum grease is coated on the projectile 6, the projectile 6 is inserted from a hole with the diameter of 4mm at the small-diameter end of the projectile cabin 2, a thin rod with the diameter of 2.5mm is used for pushing the projectile 6 to the bottom of the projectile cabin 2, and the projectile 6 can be prevented from moving in the operation process by coating the vacuum grease; and assembling the small-diameter end of the magazine 2 with a counter bore of an incidence port of the detachable gun barrel 1. The detachable gun barrel 1 and the magazine 2 are screwed into the threaded end of the front end seat 3 of the gun body and are locked by a spanner.
(5) Inserting ammunition 7 (a nail shooting bullet) into a round hole at the rear end of the front end seat of the gun body, wherein the ammunition 7 is positioned in a bullet chamber formed by the round hole at the rear end of the front end seat of the gun body and the large-diameter end of the bullet cabin 2; the bottom surface of the tail of the ammunition 7 is flush with the rear end surface of the front end seat of the gun body. And (3) tightly attaching the guide end face between the gun body tailstock 4 and the gun body front end seat 3, aligning the guide end face with the mounting hole, threading a locking bolt 5 and a nut, and locking the nut by using a spanner.
(6) And placing the firing pin 8 into a through hole formed in the tail seat 4 of the gun body along the axis, enabling the firing pin 8 to contact the bottom edge of the tail of the ammunition 7, and installing the firing device on the tail seat 4 of the gun body.
(7) The assembled gun and firing device are placed together on the gun carrier 17 on the test table 18 of the protective can 19. Aligning the muzzle to the target material 30 pre-impact mark point, and connecting the electromagnetic velometer 9 to the outlet end of the detachable gun barrel 1. And the position relation between the speed measuring pipe orifice and the target material 30 is calibrated again.
(8) And opening a liquid discharge valve of the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank 35, starting the dual-output digital display temperature controller 41, cooling the target material 30, and monitoring the temperature of the target material 30.
(9) After the target material 30 reaches the preset temperature and is kept warm for enough time, adjusting a firing device: first, the handle 16 at the rear end of the striker 10 is pulled to compress the coil spring 11, thereby moving the striker 10 backward and blocking the bumper 13 between the striker 10 and the striker 8. The striker bar 10 is then pulled further until a first transverse "U" shaped slot in the striker bar 10 is aligned with a second transverse "U" shaped slot in the guide base 12, the locking bolt 15 being inserted into both "U" shaped slots, whereupon the coil spring 11 is compressed and the striker bar 10 is restrained in position.
(10) Adjusting a control interface of the oscilloscope 42 and keeping an initial measurement state; the temperature of the target 30 is monitored and the incubation time is recorded.
(11) The experimenter closes the tank door of the protective tank 19, stands on the side surface of the protective tank 19, and pulls the safety board 13 to return to the initial position through the window; pulling the pull cord connected to the locking bolt 15 causes the locking bolt 15 to disengage from the guide base 12. At this time, the coil spring 11 pushes the striking rod 10 to strike the firing pin 8, and the gunpowder gun drives the shot 6 to be ejected from the muzzle through gunpowder, and strikes the target 30 after penetrating the aluminum foil of the incident window.
(12) And reading a signal captured by the oscilloscope 42, recording the time t of the projectile 6 passing through the velocity measuring ring, and calculating the projectile velocity.
(13) The heating or cooling is stopped, and for the test of soaking the target 30 with liquid argon or liquid nitrogen, the drain valve 40 of the environmental chamber 22 is opened, and the remaining cryogenic liquid is drained and recovered.
(14) The movable cover plate 23 of the environmental chamber 22 is opened, and the target 30 is taken down when the temperature of the target 30 is returned to near room temperature.
(15) Taking down the gunpowder gun from the gun rack 17, sequentially detaching the firing device, the firing pin 8 and the locking bolt 5, and separating the tail seat 4 of the gun body from the front seat 3 of the gun body; the detachable gun barrel 1 is detached, and the magazine 2 is taken out.
(16) The empty cartridge case of ammunition 7 is taken out of the magazine 2, the magazine 2 is cleaned and the gun barrel 1 can be detached.
(17) And (5) after the impact test is finished, repeating the steps and testing again.
Claims (1)
1. A middle-low temperature high-speed impact test method uses a middle-low temperature high-speed impact test device which comprises a gunpowder gun, an electromagnetic velometer (9), a target frame (27), an environment box (22), a temperature control system and a protective tank body (19);
the protective tank body (19) is a safety protection device for a shot impact test; the protective tank body (19) is provided with a through hole (21) for threading cables and pipelines; one end of the protective tank body (19) is provided with a tank door (20); a flange window (44) is arranged on the side of the protective tank body (19);
a test table board (18) and a lamp (43) for providing illumination in the tank are arranged in the protective tank body (19);
the gunpowder gun and the environment box (22) are arranged on a test table top (18) connected with the protective tank body (19); a target frame (27) and a liquid nitrogen evaporation plate (33) are arranged in the environment box (22), and the target frame (27) is connected with the environment box (22) through a target frame base (28); the pipeline of the temperature control system is connected with the environment box (22) through a threading flange plate (26); a refrigeration pipeline of the temperature control system is connected with a self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank (35); the electromagnetic velometer (9) is connected with the detachable gun barrel (1) of the gunpowder gun and is connected with the oscilloscope (42) through a cable;
the gunpowder gun comprises a detachable gun barrel (1), a magazine (2), a gun body front end seat (3), a gun body tail seat (4), a locking bolt (5), a bullet (6), ammunition (7), a firing pin (8), a firing device and a gun frame (17);
one end of the detachable gun barrel (1) is provided with an external thread and a counter bore, the detachable gun barrel (1) is connected with the gun body front end seat (3) through a thread, the bottom surface of the counter bore is matched with the small-diameter end surface of the magazine (2), and the large-diameter end surface of the magazine (2) is matched with the inner hole bottom surface of the gun body front end seat (3);
a shot (6) is placed in a center hole at the small diameter end of the bullet cabin (2); the large-diameter end of the magazine (2) is provided with a cartridge chamber, and a part of the body of the ammunition (7) is positioned in the cartridge chamber; the central shaft holes of the magazine (2) and the detachable gun barrel (1) are kept in a coaxial state after being assembled, and the magazine and the detachable gun barrel are kept in a non-coaxial state with the central shaft hole of the tail seat (4) of the gun body; the gun body front end seat (3) is connected with the protective tank body (19) through a gun rack (17), and the gun body front end seat (3) is connected with the gun body tail seat (4) through two locking bolts (5); one end of the gun body front end seat (3) is provided with an internal threaded hole for connecting the detachable gun barrel (1), the other end of the gun body front end seat is provided with a round through hole communicated with the threaded hole, and the tail part of the ammunition (7) is positioned in the round through hole;
the tail seat (4) of the gun body is provided with a through hole along the axis, and the firing pin (8) is positioned in the through hole and is opposite to the round through hole of the front seat (3) of the gun body; the tail seat (4) of the gun body is connected and locked with the front seat (3) of the gun body through two locking bolts (5);
the percussion device is positioned at the rear side of the tail seat (4) of the gun body and is connected with the tail seat (4) of the gun body through a chassis (14); the percussion device comprises a striking rod (10), a spiral spring (11), a guide base (12), a safety plate (13), a chassis (14), a fixed locking bolt (15) and a handle (16);
the guide base (12) is arranged on the chassis (14), two communicated guide shaft holes are processed on the guide base (12), a spiral spring (11) is placed in the large hole, and one third of the spiral spring (11) is exposed out of the guide base (12); the impact rod (10) is arranged in the small hole;
one end of the striking rod (10) is contacted with the firing pin (8), the rod body of the striking rod (10) is assembled in the small holes of the spiral spring (11) and the guide base (12), and the end part of the other end of the striking rod (10) is provided with a handle (16); the striking rod (10) can compress the spiral spring (11) and freely stretch and slide along the guide shaft hole of the guide base (12) by pulling the handle (16);
a first U-shaped groove is formed in the impact rod (10), and a corresponding second U-shaped groove is formed in the guide base (12); when the striking rod (10) is pulled to slide backwards, the notches of the first U-shaped groove and the second U-shaped groove are aligned; inserting a fixed locking bolt (15) between the two U-shaped groove openings to enable the spiral spring (11) to be in a compressed state and the impact rod (10) to be fixed; a pull rope (45) at the tail end of the locking bolt (15) is led out of the protective tank body (19) from the side of the protective tank body (19);
the safety plate (13) is arranged on the chassis (14) and is positioned between the tail of the firing pin (8) and the head of the striking rod (10);
the target stand (27) is fixed on a target stand base (28) at the bottom of the environment box (22) and can horizontally move on the target stand base (28); a target positioning chuck (29) is arranged on the target frame (27), and the target (30) is arranged on the target positioning chuck (29);
the inner layer of the environment box (22) is a stainless steel plate, the outer layer of the environment box is a polytetrafluoroethylene thermal insulation plate, a movable cover plate (23) is arranged at the top of the environment box (22), one side of the environment box (22) facing a gun muzzle is provided with an incidence window consisting of a window flange (24) and a window flange plate (25), the incidence window is opposite to the detachable gun barrel (1), and an aluminum foil is clamped between the window flange (24) and the window flange plate (25); a pipeline threading flange plate (26) is arranged on the back surface of the environment box (22) close to the cover plate (23), and a liquid nitrogen input pipe (37) and an exhaust pipe provided with a funnel (39) penetrate through the pipeline threading flange plate (26) and enter the environment box (22); a liquid nitrogen input pipe (37) is connected with a self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank (35), a cooling medium discharge pipe is arranged at the lower part of the environment box (22), the cooling medium discharge pipe extends from the inside of the environment box (22) to the outside of the protective tank body (19), and a manual low-temperature valve (40) is arranged on a pipe head;
a steel protective screen (34) is arranged in the environment box (22), the target frame (27) is enclosed in the protective screen (34), a round hole with the same diameter as the window flange is formed in one side of the target frame facing the window flange (24), and the center of the round hole is coaxial with the center of the window flange (24);
the temperature control system comprises a self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank (35), a low-temperature electromagnetic valve (36), a liquid nitrogen input pipe (37), a liquid nitrogen spray head (38), a liquid nitrogen evaporation plate (33) and a double-output digital display temperature controller (41); liquid nitrogen flows through a low-temperature electromagnetic valve (36) and a liquid nitrogen input pipe (37) through a self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank (35) and is sprayed onto a liquid nitrogen evaporation plate (33) through a liquid nitrogen spray head (38), and the liquid nitrogen evaporation plate (33) is positioned on a target frame base (28) in an environment box (22); two temperature control instruments, namely a first temperature control instrument and a second temperature control instrument, are arranged on the double-output digital display temperature control instrument (41); the first temperature control instrument is used for controlling the temperature in the environment box (22), and the position of a probe of a first thermocouple (32) of the first temperature control instrument is 10-20 mm away from the center of the target (30); the second temperature control instrument is used for monitoring the temperature of the target (30), and a second thermocouple (31) probe of the second temperature control instrument is attached to the target (30);
the temperature control system also comprises an infrared heating lamp bank for medium temperature control; when a medium temperature test is carried out, two infrared lamp sets are arranged on the inner side of an environment box (22), the infrared lamp sets are fixed on a protective screen (34), and a target frame (27) is arranged in the middle of the protective screen (34);
the method is characterized in that the method is used for carrying out high-speed impact test at medium temperature or low temperature, wherein the medium temperature is between room temperature and 250 ℃; the low temperature is-196 ℃ to room temperature, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) mounting a target (30): on a test table top (18) in the protective tank body (19), clamping the target (30) on a target positioning chuck (29), and then assembling the target positioning chuck (29) on a target frame (27); adjusting the position relation between the target (30) and the incidence window to ensure that the pre-collision part of the target (30) to be detected is coaxial with the center of the incidence window and the plane of the target (30) is vertical to the incidence direction;
(2) preparing a low-temperature environment, and executing the following steps for a low-temperature high-speed impact test: adjusting the distance and the angle between the liquid nitrogen evaporation plate (33) and the target (30), and adjusting the distance between a liquid nitrogen spray head (38) and the liquid nitrogen evaporation plate (33); placing a first thermocouple (32) of the first temperature control instrument at a position 10-20 mm away from the center of the target (30), and attaching a second thermocouple (31) to the target (30); respectively connecting an output lead of a low-temperature electromagnetic valve (36), a compensation lead of a first thermocouple (32) of a first temperature control instrument and a compensation lead of a second thermocouple (31) of a second temperature control instrument with a double-output digital display temperature control instrument (41);
placing the shield (34) into the environmental chamber (22) with the target stand (27) in the shield (34); a removable cover plate (23) covering the environmental chamber (22);
(3) and (3) preparing a medium-temperature environment, skipping the step (2) for the medium-temperature high-speed impact test, and executing the following steps: mounting two sets of infrared heating lamps on a shield (34); placing a first thermocouple (32) of a first temperature control instrument at a position 10-20 mm away from the center of the target (30), and attaching a second thermocouple (31) of a second temperature control instrument to the target (30); in the environment box (22), a power line of the infrared heating lamp group, a first thermocouple (32) of the first temperature control instrument and a compensation lead of a second thermocouple (31) of the second temperature control instrument are respectively connected with a double-output digital display temperature controller (41); a removable cover plate (23) covering the environmental chamber (22);
(4) and loading the shot: coating vacuum grease on the projectile (6), then plugging the projectile (6) from a small-diameter end hole of the magazine (2), and pushing the projectile (6) to the bottom of the magazine (2) by using a thin rod; assembling the small-diameter end of the magazine (2) with a counter bore of an incident port of the detachable gun barrel (1);
(5) and mounting a gun barrel: screwing a detachable gun barrel (1) provided with a magazine (2) and a bullet (6) into a front end seat (3) of a gun body;
(6) and ammunition loading: filling ammunition (7) into a ammunition chamber formed by the front end seat (3) of the gun body and the large-diameter end of the ammunition magazine (2), and enabling the bottom surface of the ammunition tail to be flush with the tail surface of the ammunition magazine (2);
(7) assembling the tail seat (4) of the gun body with the front seat (3) of the gun body through a locking bolt (5);
(8) mounting the assembled gun body front end seat (3) and the gun body tail seat (4) on a gun frame (17); adjusting the outlet of the gun barrel (1) to align the gun barrel with the target (30); connecting an electromagnetic velometer (9) to the outlet end of the gun barrel (1); the position relation between the speed measuring pipe orifice and the target material (30) is calibrated again; (9) placing the firing pin (8) into a through hole formed in the tail seat (4) of the gun body along the axis, and enabling the firing pin (8) to be in contact with the bottom edge of the ammunition (7);
(10) the safety plate (13) is arranged on the chassis (14) to prevent the firing pin (8) from being mistakenly impacted in the operation process;
(11) and adjusting the firing device: firstly, pulling a handle (16) at the tail end of the impact rod (10) to enable the impact rod (10) to retreat backwards until a transverse first U-shaped groove on the impact rod (10) is aligned with a transverse second U-shaped groove on the guide base (12); inserting a locking bolt (15) into the two U-shaped grooves to limit the position of the striking rod (10), wherein the spiral spring (11) is in a compressed state;
(12) mounting the adjusted firing device on a tail seat (4) of the gun body;
(13) cooling the target (30): for the low temperature high speed impact test, this step is performed: opening a liquid discharge valve of the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank (35), and starting a double-output digital display temperature controller (41); liquid nitrogen flows into a low-temperature electromagnetic valve (36), a liquid nitrogen input pipe (37) and a liquid nitrogen spray head (38) and is sprayed to the surface of a liquid nitrogen evaporation plate (33), and the liquid nitrogen is atomized, so that the target (30) and the environment box (22) are cooled; simultaneously starting a double-output digital display temperature controller (41) to cool the target material (30);
(14) and heating the target (30), skipping the step (13) for the medium-temperature high-speed impact test, and executing the step: starting an infrared heating lamp set to heat the target (30); simultaneously starting a double-output digital display temperature controller (41) to heat the target material (30);
(15) adjusting a control interface of the oscilloscope (42) and keeping an initial measurement state; monitoring the temperature and the heat preservation time of the target material (30);
(16) after the target (30) reaches the preset temperature and is kept warm for enough time, a tank door (20) of the protective tank body (19) is closed, and experimenters are evacuated to the side face of the protective tank body (19);
(17) pulling the safety plate (13) to return to the initial position through a flange window (44) at the side of the protective tank body (19);
(18) pulling a pull rope (45) led out from a side flange window (44) of the protective tank body (19), pulling out the fixed locking bolt (15) from the U-shaped groove and separating from the guide base (12); at the moment, the coil spring (11) in a compressed state is released and pushes the striking rod (10) to strike the striking pin (8), the striking pin (8) triggers the ammunition (7) to be instantly burnt, high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands, and the projectile (6) is driven to be ejected from a muzzle to strike a target (30);
(19) calculating the flying speed V of the projectile (6) by using the formula V = L/t,Lis the distance between two Faraday rings of an electromagnetic velometer (9),tthe time interval of the electric signal generated when the projectile (6) flies through the two Faraday rings is the flight time of the projectile (6) in the electromagnetic velometer (9); an oscilloscope (42) is used for collecting the electric signal sent by the electromagnetic velometer (9) and recording the flight time of the projectile (6)t(ii) a Calculating the speed of the shot;
(20) stopping cooling or heating, and naturally recovering the temperature of the environmental box (22) and the target (30) to the room temperature; for the low-temperature impact test, closing a low-temperature electromagnetic valve (36) on a cooling medium conveying pipeline, opening a manual low-temperature valve (40) of an environment box (22), and discharging and recovering residual cooling medium; for the medium temperature impact test, the power supply of the infrared heating lamp group is turned off;
(21) after the temperature of the environment box (22) and the target (30) is recovered to be close to the room temperature, opening a movable cover plate (23) of the environment box (22), and taking down the target (30) from a target positioning chuck (29);
(22) taking down the electromagnetic velometer (9) from the detachable gun barrel (1) of the gunpowder gun;
(23) taking off the gunpowder cannon from the cannon frame (17), sequentially detaching the firing device, the firing pin (8) and the locking bolt (5), and separating the tail seat (4) of the cannon body from the front seat (3) of the cannon body; the detachable gun barrel (1) is disassembled, and the magazine (2) is taken out;
(24) taking out an empty cartridge case of the ammunition (7) from the cartridge magazine (2), and cleaning the cartridge magazine (2) and the detachable gun barrel (1);
(25) and after the test is finished, repeating the steps and carrying out the next test.
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