CN217155643U - Device for measuring total energy release, overpressure and explosion temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation - Google Patents
Device for measuring total energy release, overpressure and explosion temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation Download PDFInfo
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- CN217155643U CN217155643U CN202123265557.2U CN202123265557U CN217155643U CN 217155643 U CN217155643 U CN 217155643U CN 202123265557 U CN202123265557 U CN 202123265557U CN 217155643 U CN217155643 U CN 217155643U
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Abstract
A device for measuring total energy release, overpressure and explosion temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation comprises a calorimeter (1), wherein the calorimeter (1) sequentially comprises an explosion heat bomb shell from inside to outside, the top of the explosion heat bomb shell is provided with an overpressure/temperature sensor (8), a target plate (9) is arranged inside the explosion heat bomb shell, an inner barrel shell (13) is arranged outside the explosion heat bomb shell, and an outer barrel shell (12) is arranged outside the inner barrel shell (13); an outer barrel circulating water is contained in the outer barrel shell (12), and an outer barrel thermometer (11) is also arranged in the outer barrel shell (12); the outer barrel shell is further connected with an outer circulating pump (2), and the explosive heating bomb shell comprises an inlet which penetrates through the inner barrel shell (13) and the side wall of the outer barrel. Measure explosion temperature device practices thrift test cost, the comprehensive analysis of being convenient for contains the energy fragmentation and strikes the energy output characteristic of detonating.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of heat transfer science, detonation parameter measurement.
Background
The energy-containing fragment is a metastable explosive solid damage element, is a novel killing element which is damaged by the combination of kinetic energy and chemical energy, has the damage effect comprising multiple parameters such as shock wave overpressure, explosion temperature, total energy release and the like, is characterized by being stable under quasi-static load and capable of generating severe explosive reaction under strong collision load, and the formula of the energy-containing fragment usually comprises thermite, intermetallic compounds, metal/polymer mixtures, metastable intermolecular complexes, composite materials, hydrides and the like, wherein the most commonly used energy-containing fragment at present is the metal/polymer mixture. The energetic fragment can produce various destructive effects such as detonation, combustion, penetration and the like when colliding with a target at a high speed, the reaction intensity is closely related to the target collision speed and posture, and tests show that the higher the collision speed, the more thorough the reaction. Therefore, the damage performance measurement of the energy-containing rupture disk comprises various parameters such as flight speed, overpressure of shock wave, explosion temperature, total energy release and the like so as to comprehensively reflect the damage capability of the energy-containing rupture disk.
In the prior art, an explosion heat measuring instrument is adopted to measure the energy output of an explosive, and comprises a heat insulation type explosion heat measuring instrument and a constant temperature type explosion heat measuring instrument, the total energy release of explosion of the explosive, namely the explosion heat, is obtained by measuring the change of the water temperature in the calorimeter after the sample is exploded, but the device requires that the sample is in a static state and cannot carry out energy output measurement on the sample moving at a high speed;
in the prior art, a sealing tank device is also commonly adopted to measure the energy output of the active fragments, the outer side of the sealing tank is made of a target plate material, the energetic fragments penetrate through the target plate and then are detonated in the sealing tank, and the energetic fragments are measuredAnd (3) converting the overpressure peak value after impact initiation by utilizing a thermodynamic law to obtain the total energy release of the energy-containing fragment, wherein the total energy release delta U is calculated by the following method:
wherein Δ U represents total energy release, J; Δ p represents the shock wave overpressure peak, Pa; v represents the internal volume of the container; γ is the adiabatic index of the air in the container, and is usually 1.4.
The disadvantages of this technique are: 1) air is different from ideal gas; 2) the overpressure change rule is complex, and the actual temperature rise process is different from the ideal heat insulation temperature rise process; 3) the oxidation and combustion process of the energy-containing fragment needs a long time and does not generate overpressure, and the energy generated by the oxidation and combustion is even higher than that generated by detonation, which is greatly different from the assumption of transient complete reaction. In summary, the measurement method has a large measurement error.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a device for synchronously measuring total energy release, shock wave overpressure and explosion temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation, which comprises a calorimeter for measuring the heat released by the energy-containing fragment, wherein the calorimeter comprises an explosion heat shell body from inside to outside in sequence, the top of the explosion heat shell body is provided with an overpressure/temperature sensor, a target plate is arranged inside the explosion heat shell body, an inner barrel shell body is arranged outside the explosion heat shell body, and an outer barrel is arranged outside the inner barrel shell body; the outer barrel comprises outer barrel circulating water, and an outer barrel thermometer is also arranged in the outer barrel; the outer barrel is also connected with an outer circulating pump and used for driving outer barrel circulating water to circularly flow in the outer barrel body; the shell of the detonation heat bomb comprises an inlet, the inlet penetrates through the side walls of the inner barrel shell and the outer barrel, heat insulation valves are arranged at two ends of the inlet, and a bulletproof protection device is arranged outside the heat insulation valves at the outer end of the inlet.
Preferably, the outer barrel comprises an inner barrel shell and an outer barrel shell which is nested concentrically, the circulating water of the outer barrel is contained between the inner barrel shell and the outer barrel shell,
preferably, distilled water in the inner barrel is filled between the inner shell and the outer shell of the inner barrel, and a stirrer and an inner barrel thermometer are arranged for stirring the distilled water in the inner barrel and monitoring the temperature.
Preferably, the outer barrel thermometer and the inner barrel thermometer are respectively connected with a temperature recorder and a temperature controller, and the temperature recorder and the temperature controller are both connected to a data acquisition and processing system, so that temperature information acquisition and temperature control are facilitated.
A heat insulation support is arranged between the detonation heat bomb shell and the inner barrel shell; and a heat insulation support is arranged between the inner barrel shell and the outer barrel inner shell.
The external circulating pump is a component of an external barrel water temperature control system, and aims to enable the external barrel water temperature to be quickly converged to a target value by adding hot/cold water when the external barrel water temperature deviates from the target value greatly, and also can keep the uniformity of the external barrel water temperature distribution;
the outer barrel thermometer is a component of an outer barrel water temperature control system and aims to monitor the change condition of the outer barrel water temperature and feed the change condition back to the temperature control system;
the outer barrel circulating water is a component of an outer barrel water temperature control system and belongs to a heat transfer medium;
the distilled water of the inner barrel is a component of an inner barrel system and belongs to a standard medium for measuring heat transfer capacity;
the speed measuring light curtain target array is used for measuring the flight speed of the energy-containing fragments; the energetic fragment is a test object; the ballistic gun is a kinetic energy loading device containing energy fragments.
The basic principle of the device for measuring the total release energy is as follows: the ballistic gun loads the energy-containing fragment with specified mass and shape to a specified speed, the energy-containing fragment emission signal is used as a trigger signal for synchronous working of each sensor and a delay signal for automatic closing of the heat insulation valve, the heat energy generated after the energy-containing fragment collides with the target plate comprises heat energy generated by oxidation reactions such as detonation, deflagration, combustion and the like and collision/friction, most of shock waves reflect and consume the generated heat energy on the inner wall of the calorimeter, the heat energy causes the temperature rise of an inner barrel system, the target plate, an overpressure/temperature sensor and internal air of the calorimeter, and the heat absorbed by the total system is obtained by multiplying the corrected temperature rise of the total system by the heat capacity of the total system, namely the total energy released by the energy-containing fragment impact detonation.
The basic principle of the device for measuring the flight speed, the shock wave overpressure and the explosion temperature is as follows: and measuring by an overpressure/temperature sensor to obtain overpressure and explosion temperature generated by the impact initiation of the energy-containing fragment. And measuring the flying speed of the energetic fragments by a speed measuring light curtain target array. The device synchronously measures the parameters of total energy release, flight speed, explosion temperature, shock wave overpressure and the like of the energy-containing fragment impact initiation.
Abbreviations and term definitions
a) Total energy release: all heat energy generated in the process of impact initiation of the energy-containing fragments comprises heat energy generated by penetration and friction of the energy-containing fragments on a target plate, heat energy generated by oxidation reactions such as explosion, combustion and the like, heat energy generated by repeated reflection consumption of shock waves in the calorimeter and the like;
b) and (3) explosion temperature: the explosion instantaneous temperature;
c) a calorimeter: means for measuring heat release;
d) energy-containing fragment: fragments which can generate oxidation reactions such as explosion, combustion and the like after being impacted with the target plate;
e) ballistic guns: and a device for carrying out speed loading on the fragments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the device for synchronously measuring total energy release, shock wave overpressure and detonation temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the present invention;
1. calorimeter 2, external circulating pump 3, first external barrel thermometer 4, external barrel circulating water 5 and internal barrel distilled water
6. Stirrer 7, inner barrel thermometer 8, overpressure/temperature sensor 9, target plate 10, heat insulation valve
11. A second outer barrel thermometer 12, an outer barrel shell 13, an inner barrel shell 14, a heat insulation support 15 and a temperature control instrument
16. Bulletproof protection device 17, data acquisition system 18, temperature recorder 19, speed measurement light curtain target array
20. Energetic fragmentation 21. ballistic gun.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples.
A device for measuring total energy release, overpressure and explosion temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation is shown in figure 1 and comprises a calorimeter 1 for measuring heat, and an inner barrel shell, an outer barrel shell, water, a thermometer, a stirrer 6, a temperature controller 15, a temperature recorder 18, a data acquisition system 17 and the like are arranged in the calorimeter; a calorimeter 1 for measuring the amount of heat released by the energetic fragment; an overpressure/temperature sensor 8 is arranged at the top of the shell of the detonation cartridge, a target plate 9 is arranged inside the shell of the detonation cartridge, in the embodiment, 3 target plates 9 are arranged as shown in fig. 1, and in another embodiment, 1 target plate 9 can be arranged as shown in fig. 2; an inner barrel shell 13 is arranged outside the detonation heat bullet shell, and an outer barrel shell 12 is arranged outside the inner barrel shell 13; the outer barrel shell 12 internally comprises outer barrel circulating water, and a second outer barrel thermometer 11 is also arranged in the outer barrel shell 12; the outer barrel shell is also connected with an outer circulating pump 2 and used for driving outer barrel circulating water 4 to circularly flow in the outer barrel shell 12; the shell of the explosive heating bomb comprises an inlet, the inlet penetrates through the inner barrel shell 13 and the side wall of the outer barrel, the two ends of the inlet are provided with heat insulation valves 10, and a bulletproof protection device 16 is arranged outside the heat insulation valves 10 at the outer end of the inlet.
The outer barrel shell 12 comprises an outer barrel inner shell and an outer barrel outer shell which is nested concentrically, the outer barrel circulating water 4 is contained between the outer barrel inner shell and the outer barrel outer shell, inner barrel distilled water 5 is filled between the inner shell and the outer shell of the inner barrel, and a stirrer and an inner barrel thermometer 7 are arranged for stirring the inner barrel distilled water 5 and monitoring the temperature.
The first outer barrel thermometer 3 and the inner barrel thermometer 7 are respectively connected with a temperature recorder 18 and a temperature controller 15, and the temperature recorder 18 and the temperature controller 15 are both connected to a data acquisition system 17, so that temperature information acquisition and temperature control are facilitated.
A heat insulation support 14 is arranged between the detonation heat bomb shell and the inner barrel shell 13; a heat insulation support 14 is arranged between the inner barrel shell 13 and the outer barrel inner shell.
The external circulating pump 2 is a component of an external barrel water temperature control system, and aims to enable the external barrel water temperature to be quickly converged to a target value by adding hot/cold water when the external barrel water temperature deviates from the target value greatly, and also can keep the uniformity of the external barrel water temperature distribution;
the first outer barrel thermometer 3 is a component of an outer barrel water temperature control system and is used for monitoring the change condition of the outer barrel water temperature and feeding back the change condition to the temperature control system;
the temperature controller 15 is a component of an outer barrel water temperature control system, and controls heating/cooling outer barrel water according to the change condition of the outer barrel water temperature, so that the outer barrel water temperature is consistent with a target value and is uniformly distributed;
the outer barrel water temperature control system and the total energy release measuring device comprise a temperature recorder for recording output data of the thermometer and providing a data source for the temperature control system and the total energy release measurement;
the outer barrel water temperature control system and the total energy release measuring device also comprise a data acquisition system which processes the data of the temperature recorder so as to facilitate the calculation of the temperature controller and the total energy release;
the heat insulation support 14 is a component of an outer barrel water temperature control system and aims to isolate heat transfer between an inner barrel and an outer barrel;
the outer barrel circulating water 4 is a component of an outer barrel water temperature control system and belongs to a heat transfer medium;
the distilled water 5 of the inner barrel is a component of an inner barrel system and belongs to a standard medium for measuring heat transfer capacity;
the stirrer 6 is a component of an inner barrel system and aims to keep the uniformity of water temperature distribution of the inner barrel;
the inner barrel shell 13 is a component of the barrel system and aims to protect the device from being damaged by energetic fragments and isolate the water in the inner barrel, and also belongs to a standard medium for measuring heat transfer capacity;
the heat insulation valve 10 is a component of an inner barrel system, aims to isolate the heat transfer of the inner barrel to the outside and prevent shock waves from leaking to the outside, and also belongs to a standard medium for measuring the heat transfer quantity;
the inner barrel thermometer 7 is a component of an inner barrel system and aims to measure the temperature change condition of the inner barrel water;
the bulletproof protection energy-containing fragment accidental injury prevention test device;
the target plate is used for measuring the damage capability of the energy-containing fragment and also belongs to a standard medium for measuring heat transfer capacity;
the temperature sensor 8 is used for measuring the temperature of the energy-containing rupture disk during detonation and belongs to a standard medium for measuring heat transfer quantity;
the overpressure sensor is used for measuring overpressure during detonation of the energy-containing rupture disk and belongs to a standard medium for measuring heat transfer capacity;
the speed measuring light curtain target array 19 is used for measuring the flight speed of the energy-containing fragments; the energetic fragment is a test object; the ballistic gun 21 is a kinetic energy loading device containing an energy fragment 20.
An external circulating pump: the outer barrel water temperature control system is used for rapidly converging the outer barrel water temperature to a target value by adding hot/cold water when the outer barrel water temperature deviates from the target value greatly and also keeping the uniformity of the outer barrel water temperature distribution;
an outer barrel thermometer: the outer barrel water temperature control system is used for monitoring the change condition of the outer barrel water temperature and feeding the change condition back to the temperature control system;
a temperature controller: the outer barrel water temperature control system is used for controlling heating/cooling outer barrel water according to the change condition of the outer barrel water temperature so as to keep the outer barrel water temperature consistent with a target value;
temperature recorder: the outer barrel water temperature control system is used for recording output data of the thermometer and providing a data source for the temperature control system;
the data acquisition and processing system comprises: the outer barrel water temperature control system is used for processing data of the temperature recorder and facilitating calculation of the temperature recorder;
and (3) heat insulation support: the outer barrel water temperature control system is used for isolating heat transfer between the inner barrel and the outer barrel;
circulating water in the outer barrel: the outer barrel water temperature control system belongs to heat transfer medium;
inner barrel distilled water: the inner barrel system is a component part belonging to a standard medium for measuring heat transfer quantity;
a stirrer: the inner barrel system is used for keeping the uniformity of water temperature distribution of the inner barrel;
an inner barrel shell: the inner barrel system is composed of components for protecting a device from being damaged by energetic fragments and belongs to a standard medium for measuring heat transfer quantity;
an adiabatic valve: the inner barrel system is used for isolating the heat transfer of the inner barrel to the outside and preventing shock waves from leaking to the outside and belongs to a standard medium for measuring the heat transfer quantity;
an inner barrel thermometer: the inner barrel system is used for measuring the temperature change condition of the inner barrel water;
and (4) bulletproof protection: aiming at preventing the energy-containing broken piece from accidentally damaging the testing device;
target plate: the purpose is to measure the damage capability of the energetic fragment and belongs to a standard medium for measuring the heat transfer capacity;
a temperature sensor: the method aims to measure the temperature of the energy-containing rupture disk during detonation, and belongs to a standard medium for measuring heat transfer quantity;
an overpressure sensor: the purpose is to measure overpressure when the energy-containing rupture disk explodes and belongs to a standard medium for measuring heat transfer quantity;
speed measurement light curtain target array: the purpose is to measure the flight speed of the energetic fragment;
energy-containing fragment: a test subject;
ballistic guns: a kinetic energy loading device containing energy fragments.
The military oil tank is an important component of military equipment, the impact detonation and damage capability of the active fragment on the wall plate of the military oil tank is an important index for evaluating the power of a warhead, a steel plate equivalent target of the wall plate of the military oil tank is constructed, the impact detonation and damage capability of the active fragment on the military oil tank can be accurately evaluated by measuring the energy output characteristic of the ballistic gun 21 for emitting the active fragment to strike the steel plate, and the method has important significance for power evaluation of the active fragment.
The schematic diagram of the test device is shown in figure 2, the target plate adopts a single-layer steel plate with the thickness of 6mm, a 14.5mm ballistic gun 21 is adopted to shoot a columnar tungsten alloy fragment with the inner hole size of phi 6mm multiplied by 6mm and the weight of about 11g, and the loading speed of the ballistic gun is about 1381 m/s. After the active fragment target is detonated, strong overpressure and a large number of high-temperature fire species (generally more than 2000 ℃) are generated, and then the military oil tank is damaged.
This device can measure various parameters such as total energy release, fragment flying speed, shock wave superpressure, detonation temperature of impact initiation, and specific content includes:
1) measurement of total energy released: calculating the corrected temperature rise of the system by a constant temperature method/a heat insulation method, and multiplying the corrected temperature rise by the heat capacity of the system to obtain the total energy release of the impact initiation of the active fragment, which is detailed in the implementation process of the overall technical scheme;
2) measurement of hit target speed (flying speed): the flight speed of the active fragments can be measured by a speed measurement light curtain target array;
3) measurement of shock wave overpressure: the overpressure sensor can measure and obtain the overpressure of the shock wave of the shock detonation of the active fragment;
4) and (3) measuring the explosion temperature: the instantaneous temperature of the impact detonation of the active fragment can be measured by a temperature sensor.
The embodiment provides a measuring device capable of accurately and synchronously measuring various parameters such as total energy release, shock wave overpressure, explosion temperature and target collision speed (flight speed) of energy-containing fragment impact detonation, the device can directly measure the total energy release of the energy-containing fragment impact detonation by using a constant temperature method/a thermal insulation method, can synchronously measure various parameters such as the shock wave overpressure, the explosion temperature and the target collision speed (flight speed), and has the advantages of high measurement precision of the total energy release, various parameter measurement types and good measurement synchronism, the test cost is saved, and the comprehensive analysis of the energy output characteristic of the energy-containing fragment impact detonation is facilitated.
Claims (7)
1. A device for measuring total energy release, overpressure and explosion temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation comprises a calorimeter (1), wherein the calorimeter (1) sequentially comprises an explosion heat cartridge shell, an inner barrel shell (13) and an outer barrel shell (12) from inside to outside, the top of the explosion heat cartridge shell is provided with an overpressure/temperature sensor (8), a target plate (9) is arranged inside the explosion heat cartridge shell, the outer part of the explosion heat cartridge shell is provided with the inner barrel shell (13), and the outer part of the inner barrel shell (13) is provided with the outer barrel shell (12); the device is characterized in that outer barrel circulating water is contained in the outer barrel shell (12), and a second outer barrel thermometer (11) is also arranged in the outer barrel shell (12); the outer barrel shell is further connected with an outer circulating pump (2), and the explosive cartridge shell comprises an inlet which penetrates through the side walls of the inner barrel shell (13) and the outer barrel shell (12).
2. The device for measuring total energy release, overpressure and detonation temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation according to claim 1, characterized in that heat-insulating valves (10) are arranged at two ends of the inlet.
3. The device for measuring total energy release, overpressure and detonation temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation according to claim 2, characterized in that a bulletproof protection device (16) is arranged outside the heat-insulating valve (10) at the outer end of the inlet.
4. The device for measuring total energy release, overpressure and explosion temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the outer barrel casing (12) comprises an inner outer barrel casing and an outer barrel casing which are nested concentrically, the outer barrel circulating water (4) is contained between the inner outer barrel casing and the outer barrel casing, and a first outer barrel thermometer (3) is arranged in the outer barrel casing (12).
5. The apparatus for measuring total energy release, overpressure and detonation temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that inner barrel distilled water (5) is filled between inner and outer shells of inner barrel shell (13), and a stirrer (6) and an inner barrel thermometer (7) are provided.
6. The device for measuring total energy release, overpressure and detonation temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation according to claim 5, characterized in that the first outer barrel thermometer (3) and the inner barrel thermometer (7) are respectively connected with a temperature recorder (18) and a temperature controller (15), and the temperature recorder (18) and the temperature controller (15) are both connected to a data acquisition system (17) for facilitating temperature information acquisition and temperature control.
7. The device for measuring total energy release, overpressure and detonation temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 5 or 6, characterized in that a heat insulating support (14) is arranged between the shell of the detonation cartridge and the inner barrel shell (13); and a heat insulation support (14) is arranged between the inner barrel shell (13) and the outer barrel inner shell.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202123265557.2U CN217155643U (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2021-12-23 | Device for measuring total energy release, overpressure and explosion temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation |
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| CN202123265557.2U CN217155643U (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2021-12-23 | Device for measuring total energy release, overpressure and explosion temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation |
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| CN217155643U true CN217155643U (en) | 2022-08-09 |
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| CN202123265557.2U Active CN217155643U (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2021-12-23 | Device for measuring total energy release, overpressure and explosion temperature of energy-containing fragment impact initiation |
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