CN111042873A - 带有叶片引导装置的涡轮机引导设备 - Google Patents

带有叶片引导装置的涡轮机引导设备 Download PDF

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CN111042873A
CN111042873A CN201910963394.3A CN201910963394A CN111042873A CN 111042873 A CN111042873 A CN 111042873A CN 201910963394 A CN201910963394 A CN 201910963394A CN 111042873 A CN111042873 A CN 111042873A
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guide
turbine
circumferential direction
spacing
rotor
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C.莱滕迈尔
S.施彭格勒
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/141Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/16Form or construction for counteracting blade vibration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/04Antivibration arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/10Anti- vibration means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00Stators
    • F01D9/02Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/041Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector using blades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00Stators
    • F01D9/02Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/045Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector for radial flow machines or engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/54Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/541Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/542Bladed diffusers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/30Application in turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/30Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/10Stators
    • F05D2240/12Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/30Arrangement of components
    • F05D2250/37Arrangement of components circumferential
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/96Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/96Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F05D2260/961Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise by mistuning rotor blades or stator vanes with irregular interblade spacing, airfoil shape

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于涡轮机或压缩机的涡轮机引导设备(1),其设计成具有转子(2),转子(2)具有数量n个引导叶片(L1,L2,......,Li,Li+1,......Ln),引导叶片在圆周方向上以非等距离的不规则的间隔Δi,i+1彼此相继地布置在转子(2)上,其中Δi,i+1各自限定在圆周方向上彼此直接相继的两个引导叶片(L1,Li+1)的间隔。

Description

带有叶片引导装置的涡轮机引导设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种压缩机和具有带引导叶片的引导装置的涡轮机引导设备。
背景技术
压缩机是一种机器(流体能量机器),其为封闭气体提供机械功,其中用于此目的的压缩机用于压缩气体。在该过程中,它们增加了工作气体的压力和密度。在气体输送期间低压缩是副作用的机器称为风扇或鼓风机,并且大体上不认为是压缩机的部分。涡轮机是一种旋转涡轮机器,其将流动的流体的内部能量的下降转换成机械动力,即转矩乘以旋转速度,通过其轴其再次输出该速度。
其内部能量的部分是从流体流提取的,其传递到涡轮机的移动叶片。然后涡轮机轴通过这些叶片旋转;可利用的功率在输出处使用。因为由于离心力和操作期间的热梯度和瞬态的高机械和热应力,涡轮机转子被认为是设计涡轮机的中心点。除了关于效率的优化构造之外,结构-机械方面因此是构造的中心点,以便确保涡轮机转子的操作安全性。这里一个重要的附加点是实现低涡轮机质量,因为所使用的材料典型地是昂贵的,并且低质量或低质量转动惯量对于加速行为是决定性的。为了经济地使用这种涡轮机和压缩机,应该优选地改善和优化涡轮机转子的寿命。限制涡轮机寿命的是由于周期负载导致的材料疲劳。这里,低周期(LCF)和高周期(HCF)疲劳交叠。因为操作期间的高温,蠕变疲劳构成了涡轮机轮体的引导叶片的另一损坏机制。
这里已知的是,例如径向涡轮机的转子叶片的振动引起的断裂(其可归因于谐波振荡)是例如大型柴油发动机的排气涡轮增压器中最频繁的故障和损坏原因之一。
利用理论上假定的理想轮体几何形状,在所有引导叶片相同地成形的情况下,振荡的节线最初不具有关于轮体的优选位置。然而,引导叶片表现为相对于彼此耦合的振荡器,其分布在转子的圆周上。通过连接至毂来提供耦合转子叶片。在适当的振荡激励的情况下,可出现叶片振荡在圆周方向上的波状传播。这种效应的程度取决于叶片之间的实际耦合。
因此,本发明基于的目的在于避免上述缺点,并提供一种解决方案,通过该解决方案,尤其显著减少或避免转子叶片的HFC损坏。
发明内容
该目的通过根据专利权利要求1的特征组合来解决。
本发明的基本构想在于,引导叶片不是每个在圆周方向上以等距间隔的顺序布置(如从现有技术所知的那样),而是以不规则的间隔布置,因此以其中直接相邻的引导叶片的间隔不同的间隔模式。这里,圆周方向上的间隔可在每种情况下从一个引导叶片到下一个引导叶片增大或减小,或如果合适的话,也可保持相同,以便之后再次增大或减小。
根据本发明,一种用于涡轮机的涡轮机引导设备或用于压缩机的压缩机引导设备为此目的设计成具有转子,转子具有数量n个引导叶片,引导叶片在圆周方向上以非等距的不规则间隔Δi, i+1依次布置在转子上,其中Δi, i+1在每种情况下限定在圆周方向上直接彼此相继的两个引导叶片的间隔(即在位置i的引导叶片和在位置i+1的相继引导叶片)。为此目的,沿基于转子中心的固定间隔(半径)在圆周方向上的该间隔优选地被考虑。
在本发明的优选构造中,提供了分布布置在圆周上的n个引导叶片在其形状上相同地设计。然而,在本发明的备选构造中,还可提供的是,单个或所有引导叶片在其形状上至少在部分区域中不同地设计。因此,为了进一步附属顺序的激励和为了防止谐波激励的主要模式,单个引导叶片的形状变化例如也可有助于该结果。
附加提供的优点在于,在每种情况下,在圆周方向上彼此直接相继的两个引导叶片的多个间隔Δi, i+1是不同的。因此,在每种情况下,所有引导叶片也可例如基于直接相邻的引导叶片以不同的间隔布置在转子上。根据本发明,为此目的提供的是,在每种情况下在圆周方向上彼此直接相继的两个引导叶片的所有间隔Δi, i+1是不同的,由此获得了具有n个不同角度划分尺寸(基于360°)的圆周方向上的划分模式。
在本发明的另一个有利构造中,可提供在每种情况下的两个引导叶片的间隔Δi, i+1到相应的相继或在前间隔的变化是改变的。尤其是,可在此提供,在每种情况下的两个引导叶片相对于彼此的间隔Δi, i+1到相应的在前引导叶片的间隔Δi-1, i或到相应的相继引导叶片的间隔Δi+1, i+2的变化增加或减少。通过这种方式,在整个圆周上,每两个连续引导叶片的间隔彼此不同,由此获得了具有n个不同角度划分尺寸(基于360°)的圆周方向上的划分模式,例如,如,依次为20°, 30°, 27°, 18°, ......,33°的示例性角度间隔。
此外,有利的是,当根据预定的划分计划确定每两个引导叶片在圆周方向上的相应间隔Δi, i+1,使得在涡轮机引导设备的操作期间的振荡激励期间,发生了周期性谐波振荡激励有目标地划分成其附属顺序。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种具有如上所述的涡轮机引导设备的涡轮机。
附图说明
本发明的其它优点的进一步发展在从属权利要求中表征,或通过与本发明优选实施例的描述一起的附图更详细地示出。附图示出:
图1是根据本发明的涡轮机引导设备的示例性示意实施例。
具体实施方式
在下文中,参考图1更详细地解释本发明,其中在图1中示出了具有划分位置T1至T15的涡轮机引导设备1的仅示例性的平面图,其表现了引导件叶片L1, L2,......, L15的安装位置。
涡轮机引导设备1设计成用于涡轮机或压缩机,并且包括转子2,转子2具有毂,该毂在转子2的中心Z中未被更详细示出。15个引导叶片L1, L2,......, Li, Li+1,......L15在圆周方向上以非等距的不规则间隔Δi, i+1连续地布置在转子2上。
这里,Δi, i+1各自限定在圆周方向上彼此直接相继的两个引导叶片Li, Li+1的沿圆线的弧的在圆周方向上的相对间隔。
如在图1中进一步显现的,在圆周方向上彼此紧接相继的每两个引导叶片Li, Li+1的所有间隔Δi, i+1是不同的,由此获得具有不同的角度划分尺寸的圆周方向上的划分模式。然而,某些引导叶片间隔也可多次出现,然而优选地总是具有位于之间的两个引导叶片的至少一个不同的引导叶片间隔。因此,引导叶片L3的位置与引导叶片L4的位置之间的间隔可等于引导叶片L9的位置与引导叶片L10的位置之间的间隔。
在其实施例中,本发明不限于上述优选示例性实施例。在这方面,涡轮机引导设备不仅适用于涡轮机,或者,也适用于压缩机,实施为压缩机引导设备。相反,可想到许多版本,即使具有根本上不同类型的实施例,也使用所示解决方案。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于涡轮机或压缩机的涡轮机引导设备(1),其设计成具有转子(2),所述转子(2)具有数量n个引导叶片(L1, L2,......, Li, Li+1, …..., Ln),所述引导叶片在圆周方向上以非等距的不规则间隔Δi, i+1彼此相继地布置在所述转子(2)上,其中Δi, i+1在每种情况下限定在所述圆周方向上彼此直接相继的两个引导叶片(Li, Li+1)的间隔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机引导设备(1),其特征在于,所述n个引导叶片(L1, L2,…..., Li, Li+1, …...,Ln)在其形状上相同地设计。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机引导设备(1),其特征在于,所述n个引导叶片(L1, L2,…...,Li, Li+1, …...,Ln)在其形状上至少在部分区域中不同地设计。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的涡轮机引导设备(1),其特征在于,在每种情况下在所述圆周方向上彼此直接相继的两个引导叶片(Li, Li+1)的多个所述间隔Δi,i+1是不同的。
5.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的涡轮机引导设备(1),其特征在于,在每种情况下在所述圆周方向上彼此直接相继的两个引导叶片(Li, Li+1)的所有间隔Δi, i+1是不同的,由此获得了具有不同角度划分尺寸的所述圆周方向上的划分模式。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涡轮机引导设备(1),其特征在于,在每种情况下两个引导叶片(Li, Li+1)的间隔Δi, i+1到相应的相继或在前间隔的变化是不一致的。
7.根据权利要求6所述的涡轮机引导设备(1),其特征在于,在每种情况下两个引导叶片(Li, Li+1)相对于彼此的间隔Δi, i+1到相应的在前引导叶片的间隔Δi-1,i或到相应的相继引导叶片的间隔Δi+1, i+2的变化增大或减小。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涡轮机引导设备(1),其特征在于,在每种情况下在所述圆周方向上的两个引导叶片(Li, Li+1)的相应间隔Δi, i+1根据预定的划分计划来确定,使得在所述涡轮机引导设备(1)操作期间的振荡激励时,出现周期性谐波振荡激励有目标地划分成其附属顺序。
9.一种涡轮机,具有根据前述权利要求1至8中任一项所述的涡轮机引导设备(1)。
CN201910963394.3A 2018-10-11 2019-10-11 带有叶片引导装置的涡轮机引导设备 Pending CN111042873A (zh)

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KR20200041275A (ko) 2020-04-21
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JP2020060186A (ja) 2020-04-16
US20200116025A1 (en) 2020-04-16

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