CN111042442A - Precast concrete hollow component and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Precast concrete hollow component and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111042442A CN111042442A CN201911350923.9A CN201911350923A CN111042442A CN 111042442 A CN111042442 A CN 111042442A CN 201911350923 A CN201911350923 A CN 201911350923A CN 111042442 A CN111042442 A CN 111042442A
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- wire mesh
- steel wire
- precast concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
- E04C3/34—Columns; Pillars; Struts of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/30—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by applying the material on to a core or other moulding surface to form a layer thereon
- B28B1/32—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by applying the material on to a core or other moulding surface to form a layer thereon by projecting, e.g. spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8658—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms using wire netting, a lattice or the like as form leaves
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
- E04C5/0604—Prismatic or cylindrical reinforcement cages composed of longitudinal bars and open or closed stirrup rods
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
- E04C5/0636—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
- E04C5/065—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts
- E04C5/0653—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts with precast parts
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a precast concrete hollow component and a preparation method thereof.A steel wire mesh is arranged outside a steel bar framework, the steel wire mesh can be used for avoiding the processes of erecting and later-stage inner mould dismantling, concrete cement mortar can be easily attached to the surface of the steel wire mesh to form a thin shell due to the characteristic that the steel wire mesh is easy to hang ash, and an outer mould is not required to be additionally erected by using a guniting construction method, so that the cost of the precast concrete hollow component produced by using the method is very low. On the other hand, the existence of the steel wire mesh increases the structural strength and improves the crack resistance of the concrete. The method for construction by adding the steel wire mesh and the guniting solves the problems that the concrete is difficult to ensure to be compacted and the quality defects such as hollowing, holes and the like frequently occur when the preparation method in the prior art is used for preparing the prefabricated hollow component with the smaller thickness of the concrete form shell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of constructional engineering, in particular to a precast concrete hollow component and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fabricated concrete building is a concrete structure type house building which is designed and built in a field assembly mode by mainly taking a reinforced concrete prefabricated part produced in a factory. The fabricated concrete building has the advantages of high industrialization level, convenience for winter construction, reduction in construction workload on construction sites, reduction in material consumption, reduction in site dust and construction waste and the like, and is beneficial to achieving the purposes of improving the building quality, improving the production efficiency, reducing the cost, saving energy, reducing emission and protecting the environment. With the continuous development and progress of new construction techniques and materials, fabricated concrete buildings are widely used. In many countries where building industry is developed, fabricated concrete buildings have undergone long-term experiments and applications, and modern fabricated concrete building products have been able to highly integrate various functions of buildings, and the forms and components of buildings are very delicate.
At present, the prefabricated concrete buildings mostly adopt full-section prefabricated components or superposed components, the prefabricated components have high prefabrication degree, but the weight of the components is large, and the transportation and hoisting links are limited. The precast concrete hollow member is more and more popular in practical engineering application because the member is light in weight, the most complicated procedures such as steel bar binding, template supporting and the like on the site are finished in a factory, and only concrete pouring and some simpler operations are needed on the site.
However, the precast concrete hollow member is difficult to manufacture, and the currently generally adopted preparation methods mainly include a centrifugal method, a core-pulling method, a turn-over method and a mould-dismantling-free method. The centrifugal method has a narrow application range, is generally used for concrete columns, piles and other members, and has high production process difficulty and high energy consumption; the core pulling method is not suitable for components such as walls, columns, beams and the like with more tie bars in the hollow wall body, and the core pulling is generally used as the circle center, so that the application range is small; the overturning method overcomes the defects of a centrifugal method and a core-pulling method, but special mechanical equipment is needed for overturning, and on the other hand, the overturning method needs to overturn the next surface after the surface poured in advance reaches certain strength, so that the production period is longer; the mould-dismantling-free method generally adopts a disposable template as an inner mould for production, avoids the defects of the former three methods, but still adopts a 'pouring' process for manufacturing a concrete mould shell, so that the prefabricated hollow component with smaller thickness of the mould shell is difficult to ensure the concrete compaction, and the quality defects of hollowing, holes and the like are frequently generated.
Therefore, in order to overcome the defects of the preparation method in the prior art, a precast concrete hollow member and a preparation method thereof need to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a precast concrete hollow member and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the problems that the precast hollow member with smaller formwork thickness in the prior art is difficult to ensure the concrete compaction, and the quality defects of hollowing, holes and the like frequently occur.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a preparation method of a precast concrete hollow member, which comprises the following steps:
binding a steel bar framework;
arranging a steel wire mesh;
and carrying out guniting construction to form a concrete formwork outside the steel wire mesh.
Optionally, ligature framework of steel reinforcement specifically includes:
arranging longitudinal ribs;
and binding stirrups around the longitudinal bars to form the steel reinforcement framework.
Optionally, the setting of the steel wire mesh specifically includes:
and arranging a steel wire mesh outside the steel bar framework.
Optionally, the steel reinforcement framework is fixed with the steel wire mesh in a welding mode.
Optionally, the steel reinforcement framework and the steel wire mesh are fixed in a binding mode.
Optionally, the performing of the guniting construction specifically includes:
and carrying out guniting construction outside the steel wire mesh, and forming a concrete formwork outside the steel wire mesh.
Optionally, the number of times of the guniting construction is at least one.
Optionally, the thickness of the concrete formed by each time of the guniting construction is 10 mm.
Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps:
carrying out surface plastering and finishing on the concrete formwork;
and (5) curing and forming.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention provides a precast concrete hollow member which is prepared by using the precast concrete hollow member preparation method in any one of the characteristic descriptions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a precast concrete hollow component and a preparation method thereof.A steel wire mesh is arranged outside a steel bar framework, the steel wire mesh can be used for avoiding the processes of erecting and later-stage dismantling of an internal mold, the steel wire mesh has the characteristic of easy ash hanging, so that concrete cement mortar can be easily attached to the surface of the steel wire mesh to form a thin shell, and an external mold does not need to be additionally erected by using a guniting construction method, so that the cost of the precast concrete hollow component produced by using the method is very low. On the other hand, the existence of the steel wire mesh increases the structural strength and improves the crack resistance of the concrete. The method for construction by adding the steel wire mesh and the guniting solves the problems that the concrete is difficult to ensure to be compacted and the quality defects such as hollowing, holes and the like frequently occur when the preparation method in the prior art is used for preparing the prefabricated hollow component with the smaller thickness of the concrete form shell. The method for wrapping the steel wire mesh outside the steel reinforcement framework can enable the guniting process to be applied to the manufacturing of the precast concrete member, and the preparation method can be used for conveniently and efficiently producing various precast hollow members, and compared with the traditional method for manufacturing the precast concrete member by adopting a pouring method, the method has the advantages of better product quality, higher efficiency and lower cost. The preparation method is particularly suitable for thin-wall structures, and various prefabricated hollow structures such as hollow columns, hollow beams, hollow wallboards and the like can be produced by adopting the method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a precast concrete hollow member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the step S1 of prefabricating a concrete hollow column;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the step S2 of prefabricating a concrete hollow column;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the step S3 of prefabricating a concrete hollow column;
100-steel bar framework, 101-longitudinal bar, 102-stirrup, 200-steel wire mesh and 300-concrete formwork.
Detailed Description
The following describes in more detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to the schematic drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for preparing a precast concrete hollow member, comprising the following steps:
s1: binding a reinforcement cage 100;
s2: arranging a steel wire mesh 200;
s3: and carrying out guniting construction to form a concrete formwork 300 outside the steel wire mesh 200.
The embodiment of the invention is different from the prior art in that the steel wire mesh 200 is arranged outside the steel bar framework 100, the process of erecting and later-stage inner mold dismantling can be omitted by utilizing the steel wire mesh 200, concrete cement mortar can be easily attached to the surface of the steel wire mesh 200 to form a thin shell due to the characteristic that the steel wire mesh 200 is easy to hang ash, an outer mold does not need to be additionally erected by utilizing a guniting construction method, and the cost of the precast concrete hollow component produced by adopting the method of the invention is very low. On the other hand, the existence of the steel wire mesh 200 increases the structural strength and improves the crack resistance of concrete. The method for construction by adding the steel wire mesh 200 and spraying the concrete solves the problems that the concrete is difficult to ensure to be compacted and the quality defects of hollowing, holes and the like frequently occur when the preparation method in the prior art is used for preparing the prefabricated hollow component with the smaller thickness of the concrete formwork 300. The method of wrapping the steel wire mesh 200 outside the steel reinforcement framework 100 can enable the guniting process to be applied to the manufacturing of precast concrete components, and the preparation method can be used for conveniently and efficiently producing various precast hollow components, and compared with the traditional method of casting, the method has the advantages of better product quality, higher efficiency and lower cost. The preparation method is particularly suitable for thin-wall structures, and various prefabricated hollow structures such as hollow columns, hollow beams, hollow wallboards and the like can be produced by adopting the method.
For convenience of description, in the embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a precast concrete hollow column is taken as an example to describe in detail, and other precast hollow members such as a hollow beam and a hollow wall panel are the same as the method for manufacturing the precast concrete hollow column, and are not described herein again. Referring to fig. 2 to 4, fig. 2 illustrates a step S1 of prefabricating the concrete hollow column, i.e. binding the steel reinforcement cage 100; fig. 3 illustrates a step S2 of prefabricating the concrete hollow column, namely, arranging the steel wire mesh 200; fig. 4 shows a step S3 of prefabricating the concrete hollow pillar, i.e. performing a shotcrete process to form a concrete form 300 outside the steel wire mesh 200.
Specifically, the steel reinforcement framework 100 may include, but is not limited to, longitudinal bars 101 and stirrups 102, and it is understood that the structure of the steel reinforcement framework 100 may further include other mechanisms, for example, in other embodiments, the steel reinforcement framework 100 may further include truss steel bars, which may be selected according to actual needs, and is not limited herein. The framework 100 of the present invention is illustrated as a longitudinal bar 101 with a stirrup 102. The connection manner of the longitudinal ribs 101 and the stirrups 102 can be the manner shown in fig. 2, wherein the specific specification and number of the longitudinal ribs 101 need to be calculated and determined by a structure, which is not limited herein. The reinforcement cage 100 is formed by binding the stirrups 102, and the number and the specification of the stirrups 102 are also determined by calculation according to the actual needs of the structure.
The step S1 may specifically include:
s11: arranging longitudinal ribs 101;
s12: a stirrup 102 is tied around the longitudinal bar 101 to form the rebar skeleton 100.
Optionally, the step S2 may specifically include:
and a steel wire mesh 200 is arranged outside the steel reinforcement framework 100.
The structure of the steel wire mesh 200 fixed on the periphery of the steel reinforcement framework 100 is shown in fig. 3, and it should be noted that the mesh size of the steel wire mesh 200 is not too large, generally based on the fact that concrete cannot penetrate. And when concrete is poured subsequently, the concrete is not allowed to permeate, and the steel wire mesh 200 is wrapped on the outer side of the steel reinforcement framework 100 formed by binding the longitudinal bars 101 and the stirrups 102. It should be noted that, the steel wire mesh 200 and the steel reinforcement cage 100 may be connected by welding, or may be directly bound together. The steel wire mesh 200 replaces the internal mold in the prior art, and is integrated with the hollow superposed column after pouring, and does not need to be dismantled.
It should be noted that the connection manner of the steel bar framework 100 and the steel wire mesh 200 includes, but is not limited to, welding and binding, in other embodiments, other types of connection manners may also be used, and since the connection manner of the steel bar framework 100 and the steel wire mesh 200 is not a main improvement point of the present invention, no further description is provided herein, and the connection manner may be specifically selected according to actual needs.
Optionally, the step S3 may specifically include:
and carrying out guniting construction outside the steel wire mesh 200, and forming a concrete formwork 300 outside the steel wire mesh 200.
The concrete formwork 300 is manufactured by matching the steel wire mesh 200 by using a guniting construction method, and an inner die and an outer die are omitted, so that the cost of the precast concrete hollow component produced by the method is very low. And the guniting construction efficiency is high, and the method is particularly suitable for thin-wall structures. The thickness of the concrete formwork 300 around the general precast concrete hollow component is about 30mm, if the concrete formwork 300 with the thickness less than 30mm is desired to be prepared, if the traditional method of erecting an external mold and then pouring concrete is utilized, quality defects such as cavities, hollows and the like can occur, and the pouring is not compact. The inventor found in experiments that a concrete formwork (i.e. a concrete formwork 300) with a thickness of about 10mm can be formed in one grouting operation, and if a thicker concrete formwork 300 is desired to be prepared, the grouting operation can be performed in a plurality of times, for example, a concrete formwork 300 with a thickness of 30mm is desired to be obtained, and the grouting operation can be performed three times, but it should be noted that two adjacent grouting operations should be performed about one hour apart, and this is done to ensure that the concrete formwork 300 formed in the previous grouting operation is formed.
Further, the inventor found in experiments that the surface of the concrete form 300 is rough after the shotcrete construction, so that the finishing and finishing are performed once. Therefore, the preparation method of the precast concrete hollow member may further include the steps of:
s4: performing surface plastering and finishing on the concrete formwork 300;
s5: and (5) curing and forming.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention provides a precast concrete hollow component which is prepared by using the precast concrete hollow component preparation method in any one of the above characteristic descriptions.
In summary, the invention provides a precast concrete hollow component and a preparation method thereof, the steel wire mesh is arranged outside the steel bar framework, the process of erecting and later-stage inner mould dismounting can be omitted by utilizing the steel wire mesh, concrete cement mortar can be easily attached to the surface of the steel wire mesh to form a thin shell due to the characteristic that the steel wire mesh is easy to hang ash, and the precast concrete hollow component produced by the method of the invention has very low cost because an additional outer mould is not required to be erected by utilizing the method of guniting construction. On the other hand, the existence of the steel wire mesh increases the structural strength and improves the crack resistance of the concrete. The method for construction by adding the steel wire mesh and the guniting solves the problems that the concrete is difficult to ensure to be compacted and the quality defects such as hollowing, holes and the like frequently occur when the preparation method in the prior art is used for preparing the prefabricated hollow component with the smaller thickness of the concrete form shell. The method for wrapping the steel wire mesh outside the steel reinforcement framework can enable the guniting process to be applied to the manufacturing of the precast concrete member, and the preparation method can be used for conveniently and efficiently producing various precast hollow members, and compared with the traditional method for manufacturing the precast concrete member by adopting a pouring method, the method has the advantages of better product quality, higher efficiency and lower cost. The method is particularly suitable for thin-wall structures, and various prefabricated hollow structures such as hollow columns, hollow beams, hollow wallboards and the like can be produced by the method.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example" or "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. And the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the precast concrete hollow component is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
binding a steel bar framework;
arranging a steel wire mesh;
and carrying out guniting construction to form a concrete formwork outside the steel wire mesh.
2. The preparation method of the precast concrete hollow member according to claim 1, wherein the step of binding the reinforcement cage specifically comprises the steps of:
arranging longitudinal ribs;
and binding stirrups around the longitudinal bars to form the steel reinforcement framework.
3. The preparation method of the precast concrete hollow member according to claim 1, wherein the arranging the steel wire mesh specifically comprises:
and arranging a steel wire mesh outside the steel bar framework.
4. The method for preparing a precast concrete hollow member according to claim 3, wherein the steel reinforcement cage and the wire mesh are fixed by welding.
5. The method for preparing a precast concrete hollow member according to claim 3, wherein the steel reinforcement cage and the steel wire mesh are fixed by binding.
6. The method for preparing a precast concrete hollow member according to claim 1, wherein the performing of the guniting construction specifically comprises:
and carrying out guniting construction outside the steel wire mesh, and forming a concrete formwork outside the steel wire mesh.
7. The method for producing a precast concrete hollow member according to claim 6, wherein the number of times of the shotcrete work is at least one.
8. The method for preparing a precast concrete hollow member according to claim 7, wherein the concrete formed at each of the shotcrete works has a thickness of 10 mm.
9. The method for preparing a precast concrete hollow member according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
carrying out surface plastering and finishing on the concrete formwork;
and (5) curing and forming.
10. A precast concrete hollow member produced by the precast concrete hollow member production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Cited By (2)
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CN112227599A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 贵州路桥集团有限公司 | Embedded steel-concrete composite beam wrapped with hoops |
CN113136998A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-07-20 | 中国建筑第五工程局有限公司 | Construction method of coated steel net cage hollow floor |
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