CN111042014B - City tunnel entry shading and sight induction system - Google Patents
City tunnel entry shading and sight induction system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111042014B CN111042014B CN201911399888.XA CN201911399888A CN111042014B CN 111042014 B CN111042014 B CN 111042014B CN 201911399888 A CN201911399888 A CN 201911399888A CN 111042014 B CN111042014 B CN 111042014B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
- E01F7/06—Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Securing anti-dazzle means to crash-barriers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
- E01F9/535—Kerbs or road edgings specially adapted for alerting road users
- E01F9/547—Kerbs or road edgings specially adapted for alerting road users illuminated
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
- E01F9/553—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members
- E01F9/559—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members illuminated
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
- E01F9/604—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings
- E01F9/608—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings for guiding, warning or controlling traffic, e.g. delineator posts or milestones
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
- E01F9/604—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings
- E01F9/615—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings illuminated
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
- E01F9/604—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings
- E01F9/619—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings with reflectors; with means for keeping reflectors clean
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
- E01F9/658—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by means for fixing
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
- E04B1/3205—Structures with a longitudinal horizontal axis, e.g. cylindrical or prismatic structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
- E04D3/02—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant
- E04D3/06—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor
- E04D3/08—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor with metal glazing bars
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
- E04H1/1205—Small buildings erected in the open air
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of shading transition and comprehensive sight line induction design of urban tunnel entrances, in particular to a shading and sight line induction system with multiple frequencies, multiple layers, multiple time periods and multiple time periods, which comprises a bearing system, a shading system, a natural light sight line induction system, a retro-reflecting sight line induction system and an active light-emitting sight line induction system, wherein the shading transition and sight line induction system with multiple frequencies, multiple layers of visual information, multiple time periods and multiple time periods is composed of a main arch rib, a secondary arch rib and a longitudinal beam, the shading system and the natural light sight line induction system are composed of a non-light-transmitting polycarbonate plate, a low-light-transmitting polycarbonate plate and a high-light-transmitting polycarbonate plate, the retro-reflecting sight line induction system is composed of continuous intermediate frequency visual information of a road surface, continuous intermediate frequency visual information of a guardrail, high-frequency visual information and a marking inside the longitudinal beam, the active luminous sight line induction system consists of pavement medium-frequency visual information, guardrail medium-frequency visual information, a reflective strip and an illuminating lamp.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shading transition and comprehensive sight line induction design of urban tunnel entrances, in particular to a shading and sight line induction system with multiple frequencies, multiple layers, multiple time periods and multiple time periods.
Background
In the process of driving towards the entrance of the urban tunnel in the daytime, the illumination intensity changes violently, visual discomfort is caused, the phenomenon of temporary visual obstruction, namely 'black hole effect', is caused, bad driving behaviors are induced, and even traffic accidents are caused.
And (3) alleviating the visual black hole effect, and generally adopting the improvement of the lighting standard of the tunnel entrance section and the arrangement of a shading facility outside the tunnel. Although the illumination intensity of the tunnel entrance section is higher than that of the tunnel middle section by more than 40%, tunnel illumination 'high distribution and low utilization' generally exists in practical operation, and the tunnel entrance illumination energy consumption is high and the illumination effectiveness is low.
Shading facilities at the entrance of a domestic urban tunnel usually lack visual psychophysical consideration to drivers in space transition, mostly directly change an open environment of a standard road section into an annular closed environment, and lack a space transition road section of a semi-open and semi-closed environment between the open environment and the closed environment.
The shading facility at the entrance of the urban tunnel in China is not beneficial to shading natural light, and forms a multiple sight line induction design by utilizing natural light by utilizing the contrast effect of shading.
The design of retro-reflective sight line induction facilities in the shading facilities at the entrance of the urban tunnel in China cannot integrate the multi-layer space induction of the upper part of a road surface, the road side and the inner top surface of the light reduction facilities to form the sight line induction design of multiple layers.
The sight line induction design in the shading facility at the entrance of the urban tunnel in China cannot effectively integrate and utilize the natural light induction design, the retro-reflection sight line induction facility and the active luminous sight line induction facility to form the sight line induction design which has complementary advantages, saves energy and adapts to the change of brightness day and night.
Once the shading facility is built, the illuminance transition degree is constant, and a suitable method for adapting to the long-time regular change of illuminance caused by the permanent change of the large environment around the tunnel portal and the change of four seasons of light is not found.
In the process from the outside of the tunnel to the entrance of the tunnel, the visual reference object is transited to the visual information environment with only medium frequency in the tunnel from the visual information environment with high frequency, medium frequency and low frequency, the vehicle speed is easily underestimated, and overspeed behaviors of tunnel drivers are caused. Therefore, a high-frequency and medium-frequency reference system is reasonably arranged in the shading facility, so that the speed sensing capability of a driver is improved, and the sensed speed is higher than the actual speed.
Generally speaking, due to the limitations of the tunnel entrance "black hole effect", the tunnel lighting "high-light-distribution low-light-use", and the existing shading facilities, the urban tunnel entrance has many defects in the aspects of driving comfort, lighting economy, traffic safety, and the like, and a high-efficiency shading facility applied to the urban tunnel is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situations that the urban tunnel entrance illuminance, space and reference object transition is severe in the daytime, the visual adaptation is difficult, and traffic accidents are easily caused, and multiple limitations of the existing shading facilities, a shading transition and comprehensive sight line induction setting method for the urban tunnel entrance is provided. The opening width of the lightproof polycarbonate plate is gradually changed from wide to narrow in an S-shaped curve shape formed by three parabolic end-to-end connection, so that the discomfort of a driver to illumination and severe space transition is relieved. The internal spaces of the pavement, the road side and the dimming facility are integrated and utilized, the natural light induction facility, the retro-reflection sight induction facility and the active light emitting sight induction facility are comprehensively arranged, the advantages are complementary, a vision reference system which is adaptive to the regular change of the illumination in a short time day and night and the regular change of the illumination in a longer period in four seasons is constructed, and the speed feeling, the comfort, the safety and the illumination economy of a driver are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme applied by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an urban tunnel entry shading and sight induction system, by bearing system, shading system and natural light sight induction system, contrary reflection sight induction system, initiative luminous sight induction system constitute possess multifrequency, multilayer position visual information, adapt to many periods, adapt to the shading transition and sight induction system of many hours, bearing system comprises main arch rib, secondary arch rib and longeron, shading system and natural light sight induction system by light tight polycarbonate board, low printing opacity polycarbonate board and high printing opacity polycarbonate board constitute, contrary reflection sight induction system comprises the continuous intermediate frequency visual information of road surface, and the continuous intermediate frequency of guardrail, high frequency visual information to and the inboard marking of longeron, initiative luminous sight induction system comprises road surface intermediate frequency visual information, guardrail intermediate frequency visual information, reflection of light strip and illumination lamps and lanterns.
Further, the inner contour of the bearing system is the same as that of the tunnel, the distance between the main arch ribs and the secondary arch ribs forms medium and high frequency visual information, the positions of the longitudinal beams are matched with the road surface marked lines to form space induction information, 3-5 groups of main arch ribs are arranged at equal intervals from the outside of the tunnel to the entrance, the distance is 8.5-20 m and 0.83-1.96 Hz to form medium frequency visual information, 1-5 groups of secondary arch ribs are arranged at equal intervals between two adjacent main arch ribs, the height is 4.5-5.0 m, the distance is 3.0-5.5 m and 4.04-7.41 Hz to form high frequency information, three layers of longitudinal beams are longitudinally arranged from top to bottom, the plane projection of the three layers of longitudinal beams is superposed with the boundary line of the roadway, the edge line of the roadway and the row of the lighting lamps in the tunnel or positioned outside the edge line of the roadway, so that the height of the longitudinal beam at the first layer is 2-2.5 m, the longitudinal beam at the second layer is 4.5-5.0 m and is connected to the top of, and constituting the space induction information.
Further, the shading system is laid on the outer sides of the main arch ribs and the longitudinal beams, the inner sides of the secondary arch ribs are not laid in a full-length mode, and the secondary arch ribs are arranged on the outer sides of the low-light-transmission polycarbonate plates.
Further, the low-light-transmittance polycarbonate plates are laid on two sides of the bearing system, the light transmittance is less than or equal to 25%, the light-tight polycarbonate plates are laid on the top of the bearing system, the opening width gradually narrows from the outside of the tunnel to the entrance, the projections of the contour lines on the plane and the vertical surface are S-shaped curves formed by three-time parabola end-to-end connection, the high-light-transmittance polycarbonate plates are vertically laid in the advancing direction of each main arch rib, and the light transmittance is greater than or equal to 85% and the width is 0.08-0.15 m.
Further, the retro-reflective sight line induction system comprehensively plans space visual information of multiple layers of positions on a road surface, a guardrail and a longitudinal beam, constructs a visual information reference system which is coordinated with the space between a main arch rib and a secondary arch rib and avoids the primary color interference of the longitudinal beam, and contains high frequency, medium frequency and continuous visual information, continuous medium frequency visual information is laid on the road surface, a lane edge line consists of two red and white continuous marking lines with equal width, the red line is close to the center of a lane, a lane boundary line consists of three red, white and red continuous marking lines with equal width, a white inner red combined marking line is jointly formed in each lane, raised road signs are laid outside the lane edge line and in the center of the lane boundary line, the raised road signs and the arch ribs have the same section, the space is a multiple of the space between adjacent secondary arch ribs and is medium frequency visual information, continuous medium frequency and high frequency visual information are laid on the guardrail, continuous yellow two marking lines are arranged on the, The central height is 1.2m, the bottom of the guardrail is provided with a first continuous yellow marking, the central height is 0.1m, the middle of the guardrail is provided with a contour mark, the central height is 0.6m, the distance is a multiple of the distance between adjacent secondary arch ribs and is intermediate-frequency visual information, the upper part of the guardrail is provided with red and white alternate guide markings, the central height is 0.9m, the distance between arrows is 1.0-2.0 m and is high-frequency visual information, the color of the marking on the inner side of the longitudinal beam is close to the same position in the tunnel, and the original hue interference of the.
Further, the active light-emitting sight line induction system comprehensively plans the space visual information of multiple layers of positions on the road surface, the guardrail, the longitudinal beam and the main arch rib, constructs the visual information of medium frequency arranged at intervals corresponding to the retro-reflection facilities, active light-emitting raised road signs are arranged on the outer side of the edge line of the roadway and the central road surface of the boundary line of the roadway, the active light-emitting raised road signs and the arch ribs have the same section, the interval is multiple of the interval of the adjacent secondary arch ribs, the active light-emitting raised road signs and the road raised road signs of the retro-reflection system are arranged at the same column and interval, and are the medium frequency visual information, the active light-emitting outline signs are arranged in the middle of the guardrail, the center height is 0.6m, the active light-emitting outline signs and the arch ribs have the same section, the interval is multiple of the interval of the adjacent secondary arch ribs, the active light-emitting sight line and the road, And the same type, namely the reflecting strips are distributed on the inner sides of the main arch ribs, and the reflecting strips are the same type as the reflecting strips arranged in the tunnel and are intermediate-frequency visual information.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the design is strong in pertinence, the method provides a general scheme for relieving illumination, space and reference object transition from the cause of 'black hole effect' at the entrance of an urban tunnel, provides natural light induction by utilizing shading effect contrast from the limitation of the traditional shading facility, plans the upper layer space of a road surface, a guardrail, a longitudinal beam and an arch rib, integrates the natural light induction facility, a retro-reflection sight induction facility and an active light-emitting sight induction facility, has complementary advantages, forms a comprehensive shading and sight induction setting method, and has strong response and obvious benefit;
2) the phenomenon of severe transition of illumination is obviously improved, and repeated change of pupil illumination is avoided, and firstly, an opaque polycarbonate plate which is arranged above a road outside a tunnel and has an S-shaped curve shape with an opening width changed from wide to narrow in an end-to-end mode by a cubic parabola is close to an ideal pupil illumination transition curve at the entrance of the tunnel. Secondly, by arranging the secondary arch ribs which are not arranged in full length and are positioned at the outer side of the shading system, the secondary arch ribs cannot be seen from the inside of the tunnel, so that the visual interference above the tunnel can be reduced, and the problem of repeated change of pupil illumination caused by the conventional grid type shading facility can be avoided;
3) the phenomenon of severe transition of the space is obviously improved, firstly, the light-tight polycarbonate plate which is positioned in the upper space of a road outside the tunnel and has an S-curve shape formed by connecting the opening width in an end-to-end way by a cubic parabola is used for forming gradual closing of the upper space, namely a space transition section of a semi-open and semi-closed environment between the open environment and the closed environment is arranged, and secondly, the space of an inner contour formed by a main arch rib, a secondary arch rib and a longitudinal beam is the same as the inside of the tunnel, so that the space change from a light-shading facility to the inside of the tunnel in the entrance process of the tunnel is more moderate, and the driving tension and discomfort are reduced;
4) the uniform transition of the visual reference object, the multilayer bit space of the visual information flow on the pavement, the guardrail, the longitudinal beam and the arch rib are built by the retro-reflective sight line induction system and the active luminous sight line induction system, the multi-frequency combination of high-frequency, medium-frequency and continuous visual information flow is built, the sight line induction system which is coordinated with the space of the arch rib, avoids the interference of the primary color of the longitudinal beam, has multiple frequencies and multiple layers is formed, and the transition from the multi-channel frequency visual information flow outside the tunnel to the simple visual information in the tunnel is facilitated;
5) the system has strong environmental adaptability, aiming at the regular change of illumination in a short period, the shading and natural light sight induction system, the retro-reflection sight induction system and the active light-emitting sight induction system are mutually matched, and are combined with a light-emitting component in a shading facility in front of the tunnel and a light-emitting component in the tunnel to provide four linkage illumination control modes to form a multi-period visual reference system;
6) the safety capability is ensured to be strong, firstly, potential sight line induction factors are fully excavated, a bearing system forms medium and high frequency visual information through large and small arch rib intervals, the positions of longitudinal beams and road surface marked lines are associated to form space induction information and play a certain sight line induction role, a shading and natural light sight line induction system plays a shading transition role and a sight line induction role by means of natural light through combination of light transmittance, shape change and arrangement positions, and secondly, four linked lighting control modes and four structure opening modes are provided, so that the structure is ensured to dynamically play the shading transition and sight line induction roles;
7) the lighting control system has the advantages that the lighting control system saves lighting and is low in operation cost, firstly, the shading facility has shading transition and sight line induction functions, natural light is fully utilized for induction, secondly, the natural light sight line induction system, the retroreflection sight line induction system and the active light-emitting sight line induction system are mutually matched, the advantages are complementary, four linked lighting control modes are provided, and electric energy is saved;
8) the light shading material has the advantages of low construction cost, simple structure, easy construction, low manufacturing cost of the light shading material and durability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a tunnel entrance shading facility;
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of a tunnel entrance shading facility;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a tunnel entrance shading facility;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the line of sight inducement system;
fig. 5 is a general view of the relative positions of the main arch rib, the reflective strip and the high-transmittance polycarbonate plate.
1. A main arch rib; 2. a secondary arch rib; 3. a stringer; 4. a light-tight polycarbonate plate; 5. a low light transmission polycarbonate sheet; 6. a highly light-transmitting polycarbonate sheet; 7. red and white alternate guide marked lines; 8. continuously marking a yellow mark I; 9. marking a contour; 10. road surface raised road signs; 11. lane edge lines; 12. a roadway boundary; 13. a second continuous yellow marking; 14. marking the inner side of the longitudinal beam; 15. an active light emitting delineator; 16. actively emitting a raised road sign; 17. a light-reflecting strip; 18. a lighting fixture; 19. a tunnel; 20. light-adjusting window.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the city tunnel entrance shading and sight line inducing system of the present invention comprises a bearing system, a shading system and a natural light sight line inducing system, a retro-reflecting sight line inducing system, and an active light sight line inducing system, wherein the bearing system comprises a main arch rib 1, a secondary arch rib 2, and a longitudinal beam 3, and bears load and exerts certain sight line induction, the shading system and the natural light sight line inducing system comprise a non-light-transmitting polycarbonate plate 4, a low-light-transmitting polycarbonate plate 5, and a high-light-transmitting polycarbonate plate 6, and exert shading transition and sight line induction by natural light, the retro-reflecting sight line inducing system comprises continuous medium-frequency visual information of a road surface, continuous medium-frequency visual information of a guardrail, high-frequency visual information, and inner side marking 14 of the longitudinal beam, the active luminous sight line induction system consists of pavement medium-frequency visual information, guardrail medium-frequency visual information, a reflective strip 17 and an illuminating lamp 18.
More specifically, the inner contour of the bearing system is the same as that of the tunnel 19, the distance between the primary arch rib 1 and the secondary arch rib 2 forms medium and high frequency visual information, the position of the longitudinal beam 3 is matched with a road marking to form space induction information, 3-5 groups of primary arch ribs 1 are equidistantly arranged from the outside of the tunnel 19 to the entrance, the distance is 8.5-20 m and 0.83-1.96 Hz to form medium frequency visual information, 1-5 groups of secondary arch ribs 2 are equidistantly arranged between two adjacent primary arch ribs 1, the height is 4.5-5.0 m, the distance is 3.0-5.5 m and 4.04-7.41 Hz to form high frequency information, three layers of longitudinal beams 3 are longitudinally arranged from top to bottom, the plane projection of the three layers of longitudinal beams 3 is coincident with a lane boundary line 12, a lane edge line 11 and a row of an illumination lamp 18 in the tunnel 19 or is positioned outside the lane edge line 11, so that the height of the longitudinal beam 3 at the first layer is 2-2.5 m, the height of the longitudinal beam at the second layer is 4.5-5.0 m and is connected, the third layer of longitudinal beams 3 are positioned at the highest part of the bearing system and form space induction information.
More specifically, the shading system is laid on the outer side of the main ribs 1 and the longitudinal beams 3, on the inner side of the secondary ribs 2, the secondary ribs 2 are not laid for a long time, and the secondary ribs 2 are laid on the outer side of the low light transmittance polycarbonate plate 5. The secondary ribs 2 are not visible from the inside of the tunnel 19, reducing the side and upper visual interference.
More specifically, the synchronization accounts for the illumination, spatial drastic changes. The low-light-transmittance polycarbonate plates 5 are laid on two sides of the bearing system, the light transmittance is less than or equal to 25%, the light-tight polycarbonate plates 4 are laid on the top of the bearing system, the opening width gradually narrows from the outside to the entrance of the tunnel 19, the projections of the contour lines on the plane and the vertical surface are S-shaped curves formed by three times of parabola end-to-end connection, the high-light-transmittance polycarbonate plates 6 are vertically laid in the advancing direction of each main arch rib 1, the light transmittance is greater than or equal to 85%, and the width is 0.08-0.15 m. The illumination intensity changes gradually reasonably, a gradually changing semi-closed space is also formed, and the phenomenon of violent transition of the illumination intensity and the space is improved.
It is induced by natural light sight. Natural light passes through the opaque polycarbonate plate 4 with the opening width gradually narrowed at the top of the bearing system, a sight line induction pattern with light and shade contrast is formed at the top of each lane, and the center of the pattern is superposed with the center of each lane. Natural light penetrates through the high-transmittance polycarbonate plate 6 which is vertically laid on the advancing direction side of each main arch rib 1, has the transmittance of not less than 85 percent and the width of 0.08-0.15 m, and intermediate-frequency visual information is formed.
More specifically, the retro-reflective sight line guidance system plans space visual information of multiple layers on a road surface, a guardrail and a longitudinal beam 3, constructs a visual information reference system which is coordinated with the space between a main arch rib 1 and a secondary arch rib 2, avoids the interference of the primary colors of the longitudinal beam 3, contains high frequency, medium frequency and continuous, lays continuous medium frequency visual information on the road surface, a lane edge line 11 consists of two red and white continuous marking lines with equal width, the red line is close to the center of a lane, a lane boundary line 12 consists of three red, white and red continuous marking lines with equal width, a white and red inner sleeve combined marking line is formed in each lane together, the visual guidance effect of the road surface is improved, raised road signs 10 are laid outside the lane edge line 11 and in the center of the lane boundary line 12, the raised road signs 10 have the same section with the arch ribs, the space is a multiple of the space between adjacent secondary arch ribs 2 and is medium frequency visual information, lay continuous intermediate frequency on the guardrail, high frequency visual information, the guardrail top surface sets up continuous yellow marking two 13, the central height 1.2m, the guardrail bottom sets up continuous yellow marking one 8, the central height 0.1m, the guardrail middle part sets up outline marker 9, the central height 0.6m, the interval is the multiple of 2 intervals of adjacent time arch rib, for intermediate frequency visual information, guardrail upper portion sets up red and white alternate direction marking 7, the central height 0.9m, arrow point interval 1.0~2.0m, for high frequency visual information, the inboard marking 14 colours of longeron are close with the inside same position in tunnel, avoid the former tone of member to disturb.
More specifically, the active light-emitting sight line induction system integrally plans space visual information of multiple layers on a road surface, a guardrail, longitudinal beams 3 and main arch ribs 1, constructs visual information of medium frequency arranged at intervals corresponding to retro-reflection facilities, active light-emitting raised road signs 16 are arranged on the outer sides of edge lines 11 of a roadway and the central road surface of a boundary line 12 of the roadway, the active light-emitting raised road signs 16 are in the same section with the arch ribs, the space is multiple of the space of 2 adjacent secondary arch ribs, the active light-emitting raised road signs are arranged in the same row as the road raised road signs 10 of the retro-reflection system and are medium frequency visual information, active light-emitting outline markers 15 are arranged in the middle of the guardrail, the center height is 0.6m, the center height is in the same section with the arch ribs, the space is multiple of the space of 2 adjacent secondary arch ribs, the active light-emitting raised road signs 10 are arranged in the same row as the road raised road signs 10 of the, The same interval and the same model are adopted, the inner side of the main arch rib 1 is provided with a reflective strip 17, the type of the reflective strip 17 is the same as that of the reflective strip 17 arranged in the tunnel 19, and the reflective strip is intermediate frequency visual information.
In practical application, aiming at short-term regular change of day and night illumination, the shading and natural light sight induction system, the retro-reflection sight induction system and the active light-emitting sight induction system are mutually matched to jointly provide four linkage illumination control modes, so that the severe change of the illumination at the entrance of the tunnel is improved, the electric energy is saved, the active light-emitting sight induction system in the shading facility is closed at noon in the daytime, the retro-reflection sight induction system and the natural light sight induction design are utilized to provide a sight induction function, namely, the lighting lamp 18, the light-reflecting strip 17, the active light-emitting raised road sign 16 and the active light-emitting outline marker 15 in the shading facility are closed, and the light-reflecting ring, the light-reflecting strip 17, basic illumination and tunnel entrance; in the dusk period, a retro-reflection sight induction system and a part of active light-emitting sight induction systems are utilized to provide sight induction functions, namely, a lighting lamp 18 in a shading facility is turned on, a light reflection ring and a light reflection strip 17 in a tunnel 19 are used for basic lighting, and the entrance of the tunnel 19 is closed for strengthening lighting; at night, a retro-reflective sight line induction system and all active light-emitting sight line induction systems are used for providing sight line induction functions, namely, a lighting lamp 18, a light reflecting strip 17, an active light-emitting raised road sign 16 and an active light-emitting outline marker 15 in a shading facility are opened, and a light reflecting ring, the light reflecting strip 17 and an entrance of a tunnel 19 in the tunnel 19 are closed to enhance lighting; in cloudy days, a retro-reflective sight line induction system, a natural light sight line induction design and part of active light-emitting sight line induction systems are utilized to provide sight line induction functions, namely, a lighting lamp 18, a light-reflecting strip 17, an active light-emitting raised road sign 16 and an active light-emitting outline marker 15 in a shading facility are closed, a light-reflecting ring and the light-reflecting strip 17 in a tunnel 19 are opened, basic lighting is performed, and the entrance of the tunnel 19 is used for enhancing lighting by 50%.
Aiming at the regular change of illumination in four seasons in a longer period, the shading and natural light sight line induction system provides four structural opening modes which are positioned below the side of the bearing system, the insufficient illumination in shading facilities in unfavorable seasons is improved, electric energy is saved, the height of an opening part is the range from the top height of the guardrail to the height of a first layer longitudinal beam 3, the width of the opening part is small sections formed between a main arch rib 1 and a secondary arch rib 2 and between the secondary arch rib 2 and the secondary arch rib 2, each small section is fixed above, a dimming window 20 which is opened from the lower part is closed in summer day, the dimming window 20 is closed, the illumination in spring and autumn in two seasons in the day is wholly weak, the dimming window 20 is slightly opened for a long time, the illumination in winter day is weak, the dimming window 20 is opened for a long time, and the emergency escape.
The invention is characterized in that the invention comprises a bearing system, a shading and natural light sight line induction system, a retro-reflecting sight line induction system and an active light-emitting sight line induction system, wherein the shading transition and sight line induction system has multiple frequencies and multiple layers of visual information and is suitable for multiple periods and multiple time periods, the bearing system bears the load of other three parts, the inner contour is the same as a tunnel 19, the space between large and small arch ribs forms medium and high frequency visual information, the position of a longitudinal beam 3 is associated with a pavement marking to form space induction information and plays a certain sight line induction role, the shading and natural light sight line induction system plays a shading transition role by combining light transmittance, shape change and arrangement position and plays a sight line induction role by natural light, the retro-reflecting sight line induction system plans the space visual information of multiple layers on the pavement, guardrails and the longitudinal beam 3, and constructs the space visual information which is coordinated with the arch rib spacing, Avoid longeron primary color interference, contain the high frequency, the intermediate frequency, continuous visual information reference system, initiative luminous sight induction system, the overall scheme road surface, the guardrail, longeron 3, the space visual information of the multilayer position on the main arch rib 1, construct with correspond retro-reflection facility interval and lay, the visual information of intermediate frequency, to the short-term law change of day and night illumination, shading and natural light sight induction system, retro-reflection sight induction system, initiative luminous sight induction system mutually supports, provide four kinds of linkage lighting control modes jointly, improve tunnel entry illuminance and violently change, practice thrift the electric energy. Aiming at the regular change of illumination in four seasons in a longer period, the shading and natural light sight line induction system provides four structure opening modes which are positioned below the side of the bearing system, so that the insufficient illumination in shading facilities in unfavorable seasons is improved, the electric energy is saved, and the speed, comfort, safety and illumination economy of a driver are improved.
The implementation mode of the invention is as follows:
1) the facility is implemented before the entrance of the tunnel, and the main arch rib 1, the secondary arch rib 2, the longitudinal beam 3 of the bearing system, the lightproof polycarbonate plate 4, the low-light-transmission polycarbonate plate 5, the high-light-transmission polycarbonate plate 6 and other components of the shading system are pre-prepared and then are transported to a construction site;
2) preparation and installation of a bearing system: the steel structure main arch rib 1 is I-shaped steel with larger size. The secondary arch rib 2 is made of I-shaped steel with a smaller size, the longitudinal beam 3 is made of round pipe steel, the specific materials are Q235 carbon steel materials, and the corrosion-resistant paint is coated on the secondary arch rib; the main arch rib 1 and the secondary arch rib 2 are buried in the concrete guardrail;
3) preparing and installing a shading system: the light-tight polycarbonate plate 4 gradually increases in area from the outside of the tunnel to the opening, the plane and vertical projection of the contour line along the longitudinal direction are S-shaped curves formed by connecting cubic parabolas end to end, the low-light-transmittance polycarbonate plate 5 and the high-light-transmittance polycarbonate plate 6 are both long rectangles, and are laid on the main arch rib 1 and the longitudinal beam 3 and below the secondary arch rib 2;
4) marking and marking lines in shading facilities are drawn and installed: white annular graticule is drawn by using a steel structure, a guardrail and the ground, and a retroreflective material member and an active light-emitting member are arranged.
The invention notes that:
1) the facility design method is particularly suitable for the design of the shading facility at the entrance of the urban tunnel with strong daily average illumination and long annual average sunshine duration;
2) the distance between the arch structures of the shading facilities can be finely adjusted according to the geographic position of the tunnel, the direction of the opening and the angle of the sun;
3) under the condition of large side wind of the tunnel, the section size of the bearing structure can be properly increased, arch ribs and longitudinal beams are reduced, the thickness of shading facilities is increased, and the shading effect and safety are ensured;
4) the method needs to be matched with the illumination condition in the tunnel, can properly reduce the light-on rate of the daily operation entrance section, but cannot completely ignore the importance of tunnel entrance section illumination under the extremely severe condition;
5) in order to enhance the identification degree of the marker lines in the tunnel entrance, the pavement marker lines adopt all-weather reflective marker lines, the guardrail reflective marker lines are recommended to be coated with a high-strength reflective film, and the raised marker lines and the outline markers are recommended to be coated with diamond-grade reflective materials;
6) the daily maintenance of the shading system is mainly to clean the outer surface layer, and the corrosion prevention maintenance is mainly to the steel material structure;
7) the shading facility in front of the tunnel entrance can effectively improve the visual black hole effect, and different laying arrangements of shading films are carried out by matching with the geographic position of the tunnel, the weather environment and the lighting condition of the entrance section in the tunnel, so that the lighting energy consumption and the cost are saved.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, which are only illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a shading of city tunnel entry and sight induction system which characterized in that: comprises a bearing system, a shading system, a natural light sight induction system, a retro-reflection sight induction system and an active light-emitting sight induction system, wherein the shading transition and sight induction system has multi-frequency and multi-layer visual information, is suitable for multiple periods of time and is suitable for multiple periods of time, the bearing system consists of a main arch rib (1), a secondary arch rib (2) and a longitudinal beam (3), the shading system and the natural light sight line induction system are composed of a light-tight polycarbonate plate (4), a low-light-transmission polycarbonate plate (5) and a high-light-transmission polycarbonate plate (6), the retroreflection sight line induction system is composed of continuous medium-frequency visual information of a road surface, and continuous medium-frequency and high-frequency visual information of the guardrail and the inner side marking (14) of the longitudinal beam, the active light-emitting sight line induction system consists of pavement medium-frequency visual information, guardrail medium-frequency visual information, a light-reflecting strip (17) and a lighting lamp (18);
the inner contour of the bearing system is the same as that of a tunnel (19), the distance between a main arch rib (1) and a secondary arch rib (2) forms medium and high frequency visual information, the position of a longitudinal beam (3) is matched with a road marking to form space induction information, 3-5 groups of main arch ribs (1) are arranged at equal intervals from the outside to the entrance of the tunnel (19), the distance is 8.5-20 m and 0.83-1.96 Hz to form medium frequency visual information, 1-5 groups of secondary arch ribs (2) are arranged at equal intervals between two adjacent main arch ribs (1), the height is 4.5-5.0 m and 3.0-5.5 m and 4.04-7.41 Hz to form high frequency information, three layers of longitudinal beams (3) are longitudinally arranged from top to bottom, the plane projection of the three layers of the longitudinal beams coincides with a lane boundary line (12), a lane edge line (11) and an illumination lamp (18) in the tunnel (19) or is positioned at the outer side of the lane edge line (11), so that the longitudinal beam (3) of the first layer has the height of 2-2.5 m, the height of the second layer of longitudinal beam (3) is 4.5-5.0 m, the second layer of longitudinal beam is connected to the top of the secondary arch rib (2), and the third layer of longitudinal beam (3) is located at the highest position of the bearing system to form space induction information.
2. The urban tunnel entrance shading and sight line inducing system according to claim 1, wherein: the shading system is laid on the outer sides of the main arch rib (1) and the longitudinal beam (3) and the inner side of the secondary arch rib (2), the secondary arch rib (2) is not laid for a long time, and the secondary arch rib (2) is arranged on the outer side of the low-light-transmission polycarbonate plate (5).
3. The urban tunnel entrance shading and sight line inducing system according to claim 1, wherein: the low-light-transmittance polycarbonate plates (5) are laid on two sides of a bearing system, the light transmittance is less than or equal to 25%, the light-tight polycarbonate plates (4) are laid on the top of the bearing system, the opening width gradually narrows from the outside of the tunnel (19) to the inlet, the projections of the contour lines on the plane and the vertical surface are S-shaped curves formed by three-time parabola end-to-end connection, the high-light-transmittance polycarbonate plates (6) are vertically laid in the advancing direction of each main arch rib (1), the light transmittance is greater than or equal to 85%, and the width is 0.08-0.15 m.
4. The urban tunnel entrance shading and sight line inducing system according to claim 1, wherein: the retro-reflective sight line induction system integrates space visual information of multiple layers on a road surface, a guardrail and a longitudinal beam (3), constructs a visual information reference system which is coordinated with the distance between a main arch rib (1) and a secondary arch rib (2), avoids primary color interference of the longitudinal beam (3), contains high frequency, medium frequency and continuity, lays continuous medium frequency visual information on the road surface, forms a white inner red combined marking in each lane by a lane edge line (11) which consists of two red and white continuous markings with equal width, the red line is close to the center of the lane, forms a raised road sign (10) on the road outside the lane edge line (11) and in the center of the lane boundary (12), has the same section with the arch rib and has the distance which is a multiple of the distance between adjacent secondary arch ribs (2) and is medium frequency visual information, lay continuous intermediate frequency on the guardrail, high frequency visual information, the guardrail top surface sets up continuous yellow marking two (13), high central height 1.2m, the guardrail bottom sets up continuous yellow marking one (8), high central height 0.1m, the guardrail middle part sets up outline marker (9), high central height 0.6m, the interval is the multiple of adjacent time arch rib (2) interval, for intermediate frequency visual information, guardrail upper portion sets up red and white alternate direction marking (7), high central height 0.9m, arrow point interval 1.0~2.0m, for high frequency visual information, the inboard marking (14) colour of longeron is close with the inside same position in tunnel, avoid the former tone of member to disturb.
5. The urban tunnel entrance shading and sight line inducing system according to claim 1, wherein: the active luminous sight line induction system integrates the space visual information of multiple layers of positions on a road surface, a guardrail, longitudinal beams (3) and a main arch rib (1), constructs the visual information which is arranged at intervals corresponding to a retro-reflection facility and is in a medium frequency, active luminous raised road signs (16) are arranged on the outer side of a lane edge line (11) and the central road surface of a lane boundary line (12), the active luminous raised road signs (16) are in the same section with the arch ribs, the interval is a multiple of the interval between adjacent secondary arch ribs (2), the active luminous raised road signs are arranged in the same row with the road raised road signs (10) of the retro-reflection system and are in the medium frequency visual information, an active luminous outline marker (15) is arranged in the middle of the guardrail, the center height is 0.6m, the center height is in the same section with the arch ribs, the interval is a multiple of the interval between the adjacent secondary arch ribs (2), the active luminous raised road signs are arranged in the same row with the road raised road, the reflector strips (17) are arranged on the inner side of the main arch rib (1) and have the same type with the reflector strips (17) arranged in the tunnel (19) and intermediate-frequency visual information.
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| CN111945603A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-11-17 | 武汉理工大学 | Highway exit ramp sight line induction system |
| CN112663542A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-16 | 崔怀娟 | Tunnel combined type road guardrail and using method thereof |
| CN113235476B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-12-06 | 安徽中益新材料科技股份有限公司 | Highway tunnel safety driving lighting system |
| CN113585111B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2022-12-23 | 武汉理工大学 | Tunnel exit anti-dazzle sight induction system |
| CN113605264B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2022-07-08 | 武汉理工大学 | Overlength tunnel entry sunshade sight induction system under water |
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