CN111040936A - Small-scale non-mixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device and fermentation method - Google Patents
Small-scale non-mixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device and fermentation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small-scale non-mixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device and a fermentation method. Aiming at the problems of long lag period, organic acidification accumulation, low efficiency and the like in the existing solid fermentation, the method changes the inoculation mode, and ensures that methane bacteria are in absolute advantage in a specific area by gradually adding the inoculum, thereby fully playing the role of the methane bacteria, avoiding the accumulation of organic acid and the inhibition of acid and further improving the gas production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fermentation devices, and mainly relates to a small-scale non-mixing inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device.
Background
China is the country with the largest organic waste generation amount. The discharge amount of livestock and poultry manure is about 38 hundred million tons every year, the yield of crop straws reaches 8.0 hundred million tons, but the harmless treatment and resource utilization rate is extremely low, more than 90.0 percent of livestock and poultry manure is directly discharged into the surrounding environment without treatment, 55.0 percent of straws are directly burnt or are randomly discarded, and resources become pollution sources. The anaerobic fermentation for producing the biogas is an effective way for the treatment and resource utilization of the agricultural organic waste.
In the aspect of fermentation process: in the treatment of solid wastes such as crop straws, livestock and poultry manure, organic domestic garbage and the like, composting and wet anaerobic fermentation are most widely applied, but the composting period is long and the occupied area is large. The wet anaerobic fermentation has the problems of serious water resource waste, large biogas slurry production amount, easy generation of secondary pollution and the like. The solid anaerobic fermentation device has small volume, no biogas slurry discharge and high volumetric gas production rate, and has become a new development trend of anaerobic fermentation.
In the aspect of fermentation process: the anaerobic fermentation process mainly comprises three stages of hydrolysis acidogenesis, acetoxylation and methanogenesis, wherein main microorganisms for hydrolysis acidogenesis and acidification (acidogenic fermentation) are different from main microorganisms for methanogenesis in types, and the metabolic propagation rate is different by several times, so that the difference between the hydrolysis acidogenesis rate and the methanogenesis rate is large. In the solid fermentation, the accumulation phenomenon of organic acid is serious because of high volume organic load, and the pH is less than 6.0 or even lower, so that the activity of methanogenic microorganisms is inhibited (the proper pH is in the range of 6.5-7.5), the accumulation of organic acid in the fermentation process can be effectively avoided by adopting a non-mixed inoculation mode, the pH is over 7.2, and the activity of methanogenic bacteria and the normal operation of methanogenic fermentation are ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a small-scale non-mixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device for batch feeding and gradual microorganism updating in order to overcome the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device of non-mixed inoculation of small-scale, includes base, sleeve and upper cover, and the sleeve is adorned admittedly to the coaxial company on the base, and the sealed lid of cover in sleeve upper end is adorned the upper cover, and the suit sealing washer is further sealed and is strengthened between sleeve and upper cover, and it has outlet duct and pressure balance mouth to cover the system on, installs the valve on the outlet duct, and the base middle part system has the cavity sap cavity, and the lateral wall system has fluid-discharge tube, its characterized in that:
the fermentation bacteria cake tray comprises a sleeve and is characterized in that a pair of hinged supports are symmetrically and radially arranged on the side wall of the sleeve, hinge handles are coaxially and hermetically hinged in the hinged supports, one end of each hinge handle extends into the sleeve, fermentation bacteria cake trays are horizontally arranged in the middle of the sleeve at intervals, rotary handles are horizontally hinged on two sides of each fermentation bacteria cake tray and are coaxially fixed with the rotary handles extending into the sleeve, when the hinge handles are rotated, the rotary handles coaxially rotate along with the hinge handles, through holes are uniformly distributed in the middle of the fermentation bacteria cake trays, bacteria powder is placed in the through holes, sealing films are sealed on two sides of each fermentation bacteria cake tray, and the sealing films can be opened in stages to expose the through holes.
Moreover, the sealing films are two semicircular films arranged at intervals.
Furthermore, the sealing membrane can be opened in stages in the following manner: one end of a pull rope is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of each semicircular sealing film at a position close to the axis at intervals, the other end of the pull rope is fixedly arranged on the rotating handle, and when the rotating handle is rotated, the pull rope is wound on the rotating handle to pull the sealing film open.
Moreover, the bacterium powder is methane bacterium powder.
A fermentation process for avoiding acidification by solid anaerobic fermentation using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
fermentation raw materials: according to the straw: pig manure is in a mass ratio of 3: 1-3;
constructing a fermentation system: sludge and fermentation raw materials are placed in three spaces separated by two layers of fermentation bacteria cake discs in a fermentation reactor in a non-mixing manner, wherein the fermentation raw materials are arranged above each layer, the sludge is arranged below each layer, the fermentation raw materials are 10-15cm, and the sludge height is 4-5 cm;
and (3) closing the reactor after the filling is finished, starting anaerobic fermentation, collecting the generated methane, sampling at regular time, monitoring the pH value and the organic acid concentration, wherein the fermentation period is about 40 days, and taking a proper amount of residues as the subsequent anaerobic fermentation inoculation sludge after the fermentation is finished to carry out the anaerobic fermentation of the next batch.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. aiming at the problems of long lag period, organic acid accumulation, low gas production efficiency and the like in the existing solid fermentation, the method changes the inoculation mode, and ensures that methane bacteria are in absolute advantage in a specific area by gradually adding the inoculum, thereby fully playing the role of the methane bacteria, avoiding the accumulation of the organic acid and the inhibition of the acid and further improving the gas production efficiency.
2. The methane bacteria are added in batches in the form of the fermentation cake for the first time, the adding mode of the methane bacteria is gradually updated, the status of the dominant bacteria is always kept, the adding mode is simple, any fermentation process is not influenced, the device is not opened, and the original fermentation environment is kept.
3. The method adopts a non-mixed inoculation method, and avoids the process of uniformly mixing the raw materials and the inoculum before the traditional solid fermentation. In addition, mechanical stirring is not needed in the fermentation process, so that a large amount of energy consumption is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fermented cake.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fermented cake with a film.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of gas production in different fermentation states.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the addition of sludge and fermentation feedstock to the fermentation system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are simplified schematic drawings that illustrate only the basic structure of the invention and therefore show only the components that are relevant to the invention.
A small-scale non-mixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device comprises a base 6, a sleeve 4 and an upper cover 2, wherein the sleeve is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the base, the upper cover is arranged at the upper end of the sleeve in a sealing mode, a sealing ring is sleeved between the sleeve and the upper cover for further sealing and strengthening, an air outlet pipe 1 and a pressure balance port 3 are formed in the upper cover, a valve is arranged on the air outlet pipe, a hollow liquid cavity is formed in the middle of the base, and a liquid discharge pipe 7 is formed in the side wall of the base.
A pair of hinged supports are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the sleeve in the radial direction, a hinge handle 5 is coaxially and hermetically hinged in the hinged supports, one end of the hinge handle extends into the sleeve, a zymocyte cake plate 8 is horizontally arranged in the middle of the sleeve at intervals, rotary handles 10 are horizontally hinged on two sides of the zymocyte cake plate and are coaxially fixed with the rotary handles extending into the sleeve, when the hinge handle is rotated, the rotary handles rotate coaxially along with the hinge handle, through holes 9 are uniformly distributed in the middle of the zymocyte cake plate, methane bacteria powder is placed in the through holes, sealing membranes 11 are sealed on two sides of the zymocyte cake plate, the sealing membranes are two semi-circles arranged at intervals, one end of a pull rope 12 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of each semi-circle at an interval close to the axis, the other end of the pull rope is fixedly arranged on the rotary handle, when the rotary handle is rotated, the pull rope is wound on the rotary handle to pull the sealing membranes apart, so that bacteria in the through holes of, and finishing the addition of new strains.
This device can in time discharge organic acid to the methane production main area, thereby reduces pH and makes free ammonia reduce, and the pH that produces because of the fermentation process can exert an influence to the form of ammonia nitrogen, consequently can avoid traditional solid state fermentation's acid accumulation, acid inhibition, can avoid ammonia accumulation, ammonia inhibition again to improve fermentation efficiency.
A fermentation method for avoiding solid anaerobic fermentation acidification comprises the following corresponding fermentation parameters:
the main device comprises: the effective volume of the solid fermentation reactor is 10L.
Preparation of inoculated microorganisms: anaerobic digestion sludge, and fermentation methane production sludge in the prior art, and the application is not particularly limited.
Fermentation raw materials: according to the straw: and (3) mixing the pig manure with the organic solvent in a mass ratio of 3 to 3.
Constructing a fermentation system: sludge and fermentation raw materials are placed in three spaces separated by two layers of fermentation bacteria cake discs in a fermentation reactor in a non-mixing manner, wherein the fermentation raw materials are arranged above each layer, the sludge is arranged below each layer, the fermentation raw materials are 10-15cm, and the sludge height is 4-5 cm.
The specific interlayer height is determined according to the type of fermentation substrate. And (3) closing the reactor after the filling is finished, starting anaerobic fermentation, collecting the generated methane, sampling at regular time, monitoring the pH value and the organic acid concentration, wherein the fermentation period is about 40 days, and taking a proper amount of residues as the subsequent anaerobic fermentation inoculation sludge after the fermentation is finished to carry out the anaerobic fermentation of the next batch.
And (3) fermentation process: filling inoculum in an amount of about 1400g in a solid fermentation reactor, filling pig manure and straw mixture in an amount of about 1200g, continuously adding for 2 times according to the addition amount and the addition sequence to form 3 layers of structures of the inoculum and the pig manure and straw mixture, stopping feeding, sealing, filling nitrogen for 5min to create an anaerobic environment, sealing the reactor, connecting an air outlet of the reactor with a biogas collection bag, and performing anaerobic fermentation at 37 ℃.
During the fermentation process, the gas production volume is measured every day, and samples are taken every 3 days to detect the pH value and analyze whether acid inhibition is generated. Fermentation was completed by 40 days. Opening 1/3 the fermentation bacteria cake plate every 10 days, filling methane fermentation bacteria in the gap of the fermentation bacteria cake, and the strain is not limited and can be sold in the market. And taking out residues after the fermentation after 40 days, and refilling the mixture of the pig manure and the straws for three times at intervals as above. Installing new zymophyte cake, and continuing anaerobic fermentation.
The results show that:
(1) the organic acid concentration in the fermentation process in the non-mixed inoculation reaches: 19.6-33.0mg/g of total acid, 5.7-6.9mg/g of acetic acid and 3.0-4.1mg/g of propionic acid, but no acid inhibition occurs, the fermentation can be started quickly, the lag phase is 1-2 days, and is reduced by 7-8 days compared with the traditional mixed solid fermentation.
(2) In the anaerobic fermentation, the daily yield of VS methane as a substrate reaches up to 9.5 ml/(g.d), and the biogas yield is 1.5 times that of the traditional pig manure straw mixed fermentation and 3.5 times that of the pig manure single fermentation.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device of non-mixed inoculation of small-scale, includes base, sleeve and upper cover, and the sleeve is adorned admittedly to the coaxial company on the base, and the sealed lid of cover in sleeve upper end is adorned the upper cover, and the suit sealing washer is further sealed and is strengthened between sleeve and upper cover, and it has outlet duct and pressure balance mouth to cover the system on, installs the valve on the outlet duct, and the base middle part system has the cavity sap cavity, and the lateral wall system has fluid-discharge tube, its characterized in that:
the fermentation bacteria cake tray comprises a sleeve and is characterized in that a pair of hinged supports are symmetrically and radially arranged on the side wall of the sleeve, hinge handles are coaxially and hermetically hinged in the hinged supports, one end of each hinge handle extends into the sleeve, fermentation bacteria cake trays are horizontally arranged in the middle of the sleeve at intervals, rotary handles are horizontally hinged on two sides of each fermentation bacteria cake tray and are coaxially fixed with the rotary handles extending into the sleeve, when the hinge handles are rotated, the rotary handles coaxially rotate along with the hinge handles, through holes are uniformly distributed in the middle of the fermentation bacteria cake trays, bacteria powder is placed in the through holes, sealing films are sealed on two sides of each fermentation bacteria cake tray, and the sealing films can be opened in stages to expose the through holes.
2. The small-scale non-mixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sealing films are two semicircles arranged at intervals.
3. The small-scale unmixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the sealing membrane can be opened in stages in the following way: one end of a pull rope is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of each semicircular sealing film at a position close to the axis at intervals, the other end of the pull rope is fixedly arranged on the rotating handle, and when the rotating handle is rotated, the pull rope is wound on the rotating handle to pull the sealing film open.
4. The small-scale non-mixed inoculation continuous solid anaerobic fermentation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bacteria powder is methane bacteria powder.
5. A fermentation process for avoiding acidification in solid anaerobic fermentation using the apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that: the steps are as follows
Fermentation raw materials: according to the straw: pig manure is in a mass ratio of 3: 1-3;
constructing a fermentation system: sludge and fermentation raw materials are placed in three spaces separated by two layers of fermentation bacteria cake discs in a fermentation reactor in a non-mixing manner, wherein the fermentation raw materials are arranged above each layer, the sludge is arranged below each layer, the fermentation raw materials are 10-15cm, and the sludge height is 4-5 cm;
and (3) closing the reactor after the filling is finished, starting anaerobic fermentation, collecting the generated methane, sampling at regular time, monitoring the pH value and the organic acid concentration, wherein the fermentation period is 30-50, and taking a proper amount of residues as the subsequent anaerobic fermentation inoculation sludge after the fermentation is finished to carry out the anaerobic fermentation of the next batch.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111567597A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-25 | 玉溪市张记皇冠食品有限公司 | Fermentation process and equipment of composite natural yeast strain |
| CN111733064A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-10-02 | 北京科技大学 | High-nitrogen-content organic matter anaerobic fermentation system and method for in-situ denitrification through membrane absorption |
-
2019
- 2019-12-17 CN CN201911299926.4A patent/CN111040936A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111567597A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-25 | 玉溪市张记皇冠食品有限公司 | Fermentation process and equipment of composite natural yeast strain |
| CN111733064A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-10-02 | 北京科技大学 | High-nitrogen-content organic matter anaerobic fermentation system and method for in-situ denitrification through membrane absorption |
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