CN111039974B - 一类金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一类金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111039974B CN111039974B CN201911396285.4A CN201911396285A CN111039974B CN 111039974 B CN111039974 B CN 111039974B CN 201911396285 A CN201911396285 A CN 201911396285A CN 111039974 B CN111039974 B CN 111039974B
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- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 32
- REDSKZBUUUQMSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[Sn](CCCC)CCCC REDSKZBUUUQMSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
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Abstract
一类金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物及制备方法和应用，其属于有机半导体材料领域。这种金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物通过钯催化在苝酰亚胺类衍生物的港湾位引入金属锡构成五元金属杂环，突破一直以来苝酰亚胺港湾位只能引进非金属构成杂环的科研现状。金属锡元素的引入使该衍生物在光电材料领域更具研究价值，该衍生物作为光电材料在太阳能电池、有发光二极管和有机场效应晶体管领域都有很大的应用前景。此外，重元素锡的引入使该衍生物具有较强的产生三重态的能力，可作为一种新式光敏剂。直接相连的重金属锡提高了苝酰亚胺产生三重态能力，同时使其具有较长的三重态寿命，提供了一种新的金属元素修饰的苝酰亚胺作为光敏剂的方案。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物及制备方法和应用，其属于有机半导体材料领域。
背景技术
苝酰亚胺是3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酰亚胺的简称，整个分子是由中心苝环骨架和两侧双羧酸酰亚胺组成。其优点有：在可见光区域有强吸收、较高的摩尔消光系数、荧光量子产率、良好的光稳定性和热稳定性等，是一类性能优异的有机半导体材料。苝酰亚胺的港湾位受两侧酰亚胺吸电子基团的影响，反应活性较强，易发生芳香亲电取代反应，能够将卤素或者硝基等活性基团引入苝酰亚胺的港湾位，对母体进行更复杂的化学修饰。近年来，港湾位的成环反应由于可以增加共轭平面、调控分子的电子结构而成为科研工作者竞相研究的热点，其中杂原子(硒原子、氮原子、氧原子、硅原子等杂原子)引入到苝酰亚胺的港湾位成环来调控分子的物理和化学性能成为一大研究热潮。目前所知的构成杂环所引入的原子全为非金属原子，并未涉及金属原子的研究，因此，如何开发一类引入金属原子在港湾位闭环的苝酰亚胺衍生物是一项富有挑战性的工作，而且这类金属环化的苝酰亚胺化合物的光学特性值得探究。到目前为止，也未见涉及金属锡环化的港湾位闭环的苝酰亚胺衍生物。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一类金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物及制备方法和应用。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一类金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物，该衍生物具有如下结构通式：
其中：R1、R2选自氢原子、含有取代基或不含有取代基的基团，所述含有取代基或不含有取代基的基团为碳原子数为1-60的烷基、碳原子数为1-60的烷氧基、碳原子数为3-60的环烷基、碳原子数为5-60的芳基、碳原子数为1-60的烷基芳基、碳原子数为1-60的烷基杂芳基、碳原子数为1-60的烷基杂环基、碳原子数为1-60的亚烷基氧基烷基、碳原子数为1-60的亚烷基氧基芳基、碳原子数为1-60的亚烷基氧基杂芳基或者碳原子数为1-60的亚烷基氧基杂环基，R1和R2可为不同基团。
所述的含有取代基或不含有取代基的基团为含有取代基或不含取代基的甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一碳烷基、十二碳烷基、十三碳烷基、十四碳烷基、十五碳烷基、十六碳烷基、十七碳烷基、十八碳烷基、十九碳烷基、二十碳烷基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、仲丁氧基、异丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基、壬氧基、癸氧基、十一碳烷氧基、十二碳烷氧基、十三碳烷氧基、十四碳烷氧基、十五碳烷氧基、十六碳烷氧基、十七碳烷氧基、十八碳烷氧基、十九碳烷氧基、二十碳烷氧基、苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、并四苯基、并五苯基、并六苯基、芘基、茚基、联苯基、芴基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环癸基、十一碳环烷基、十二碳环烷基、十三碳环烷基、十四碳环烷基、十五碳环烷基、十六碳环烷基、十七碳环烷基、十八碳环烷基、十九碳环烷基、二十碳环烷基、噻吩基、吡咯基、呋喃基、硒吩基、噻咯基、碲吩基、噁唑基、吡啶基或者嘧啶基，上述杂芳基团的环与上面所述芳基的环稠合衍生的基团或上述杂芳基团的组合。这些组成杂芳基的基团可以含有另外的取代基。
所述的取代基，选自如下基团：烷基，优选具有1-16个碳原子的烷基；烷氧基，优选具有1-16个碳原子的烷氧基；芳基，优选具有5-16个碳原子的芳基；环烷基，优选具有3-16个碳原子的环烷基；杂环基团，优选具有5-16个碳原子的杂环基团，其中杂环基团包含的杂原子选自B，Si，O,Sn,N,S,P和Se；杂芳基，特别是具有1-16个碳原子的杂芳基；杂芳烷基，特别是由具有5-16个碳原子的芳基和具有1-16个碳原子的烷基部分构成的杂芳烷基；杂芳烷氧基，优选由具有5-16个碳原子的芳基和具有1-16个碳原子的烷氧基构成的杂芳烷氧基；链烯基，特别是乙烯基，烯丙基，2-丁烯基，3-戊烯基等；炔基，特别是炔丙基，3-戊炔基等；氨基类取代基，特别是氨基，甲基氨基，二甲基氨基等；酰基，优选甲酰基，乙酰基，苯甲酰基等；烷硫基，优选甲硫基，乙硫基等；芳硫基，特别是苯硫基等；杂芳硫基，特别是吡啶基硫基等；杂环基，优选咪唑基，吡啶基等；羟基；卤素原子；氰基；醛基；酯基；磺基；亚磺基；硝基；羧基；肼基。最优选地，所述的取代基为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、羟基、巯基、氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、氰基、醛基、酯基、磺酸基、亚磺酸基、硝基、氨基、亚氨基、羧基和肼基中的至少一种。
所述的金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物的制备方法，将化合物A与六正丁基二锡混合，加入催化剂和有机溶剂，搅拌加热反应即得到所述的金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物。
其中，R1,R2的定义同结构通式中的定义。
优选地，所述的金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物的制备方法的加热温度为90-180℃，反应时间为1-30小时，六正丁基二锡混合的用量为化合物A用量的0.5-10倍量。
所述溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、二氯苯、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、氮甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、六甲基磷酰胺、环丁砜、乙腈和苯甲腈中的一种或者几种。催化剂为醋酸钯或三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯。
所述的金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物作为一种新式光敏剂，因其产生的单线态氧可以杀死癌细胞而应用于光动力治疗领域以及作为催化剂产生单线态氧应用于催化氧化相关反应领域。所述的金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物作为一种光电材料应用于太阳能电池、有发光二极管和有机场效应晶体管领域。
本发明的有益效果：这种金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物及制备方法和应用，首创性的在苝酰亚胺港湾位引入金属元素构成五元环，该衍生物的紫外可见吸收光谱得到明显红移，金属锡元素的引入使该衍生物在光电材料领域更具研究价值。该衍生物作为光电材料在太阳能电池、有发光二极管和有机场效应晶体管领域具有很大的应用前景。此外，重元素锡的引入使该衍生物具有较强的产生三重态的能力，可作为一种新式的光敏剂。与传统过渡金属修饰的苝酰亚胺类光敏剂相比，该类光敏剂结构简单，能够在港湾位成环，并且合成方法简单、合成步骤少。直接相连的重金属锡提高了苝酰亚胺产生三重态的能力，同时使其具有较长的三重态寿命，该衍生物提供了一种新的金属元素修饰的苝酰亚胺作为光敏剂的方案。另外，该衍生物细胞毒性小且容易进入细胞内部，能够应用在光动力治疗领域。该衍生物还能够作为催化剂应用于催化氧化相关反应等领域。
附图说明
图1是6-十一胺衍生的锡环化的苝酰亚胺的溶液态的吸收光谱。
图2是6-十一胺衍生的锡环化的苝酰亚胺的瞬态吸收光谱。
图3是6-十一胺衍生的锡环化的苝酰亚胺的三重态衰减曲线。
图4是6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺作为光敏剂影响DPBF的在DCM中紫外可见吸收随时间衰减图。
图5是6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺作为光敏剂影响DCFH-DA在宫颈癌细胞内的成像图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的技术方案更加清楚，下面将结合本发明的实施例，对实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、1.9g六正丁基二锡、15mg二苄亚基丙酮二氯化钯、20mg三甲基苯基磷于反应瓶中，加入5ml甲苯，90℃下搅拌6小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.6g产物,产率48％,HRMS:found 762.2470。
实施例2
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、3.36g六正丁基二锡、12mg二苄亚基丙酮二氯化钯、16mg三甲基苯基磷于反应瓶中，加入5ml甲苯，110℃下搅拌回流3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.5g产物,产率41％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):Calculated forC54H70N2O4Sn M-,930.4358,found 930.4310。
实施例3
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、3.92g六正丁基二锡、5mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入5ml一四二氧六环，120℃下搅拌回流3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.48g产物,产率40％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 3462.1625。
实施例4
合成方法参照实施例3。
实施例5
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.76g六正丁基二锡、8mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入5mlDMF，150℃下搅拌3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.62g产物,产率50％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 706.1746。
实施例6
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、1.8g六正丁基二锡、8mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入2ml氯苯和2ml甲苯，120℃下搅拌回流3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.6g产物,产率47％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 734.2022。
实施例7
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、5.7g六正丁基二锡、20mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入5ml氮甲基吡咯烷酮，180℃下搅拌回流1小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.51g产物,产率40％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 762.2362。
实施例8
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.42g六正丁基二锡、17mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入5ml二氯苯，170℃下搅拌回流1小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.4g产物,产率33％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 832.3262。
实施例9
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.9g六正丁基二锡、36mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入5ml邻二甲苯，70℃下搅拌回流6小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.43g产物,产率35％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 804.2949。
实施例10
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.84g六正丁基二锡、33mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入5mlDMF，70℃下搅拌回流6小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.55g产物,产率45％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 846.3419。
实施例11
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.93g六正丁基二锡、12mg二苄亚基丙酮二氯化钯、15mg三甲基苯基磷于反应瓶中，加入5ml二氧六环，110℃下搅拌回流3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.34g产物,产率27％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 774.1541。
实施例12
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.75g六正丁基二锡、12mg二苄亚基丙酮二氯化钯、15mg三甲基苯基磷于反应瓶中，加入5ml乙腈，90℃下搅拌回流10小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.45g产物,产率38％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 942.3419。
实施例13
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.78g六正丁基二锡、12mg二苄亚基丙酮二氯化钯、15mg三甲基苯基磷于反应瓶中，加入5ml邻二甲苯，90℃下搅拌回流30小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.45g产物,产率37％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 896.1140。
实施例14
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.79g六正丁基二锡、13mg二苄亚基丙酮二氯化钯、17mg三甲基苯基磷于反应瓶中，加入5ml甲苯，90℃下搅拌回流24小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.52g产物,产率43％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 886.2793。
实施例15
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.83g六正丁基二锡、33mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入2ml环丁砜和2ml六甲基磷酰胺，160℃下搅拌回流9小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.46g产物,产率38％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 850.1854。
实施例16
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.83g六正丁基二锡、6mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入5ml甲苯，110℃下搅拌回流3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.38g产物,产率31％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 854.1664。
实施例17
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.8g六正丁基二锡、6mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入5ml一四二氧六环，110℃下搅拌回流3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.3g产物,产率25％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 874.1854。
实施例18
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.9g六正丁基二锡、7mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入2ml一四二氧六环和2ml二甲基亚砜，150℃下搅拌回流5小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.42g产物,产率34％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 802.1854。
实施例19
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.92g六正丁基二锡、9mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入2ml乙腈和2ml苯甲腈，100℃下搅拌回流20小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.5g产物,产率40％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 786.0669。
实施例20
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.93g六正丁基二锡、7mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入2ml甲苯和1ml四氢呋喃，130℃下搅拌回流8小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.5g产物,产率40％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 776.1446。
实施例21
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.93g六正丁基二锡、8mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入5ml甲苯，110℃下搅拌回流3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.48g产物,产率38.1％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 786.2486。
实施例22
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.95g六正丁基二锡、7mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入3ml二甲苯和1ml二氯苯，170℃下搅拌回流5小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.32g产物,产率25.81％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 786.228。
实施例23
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.87g六正丁基二锡、7mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入5ml二氧六环，110℃下搅拌回流3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.43g产物,产率35％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 816.2698。
实施例24
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.9g六正丁基二锡、7mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入3ml甲苯和1mlDMSO，150℃下搅拌回流4小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.35g产物,产率28％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 794.2378。
实施例25
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.78g六正丁基二锡、6mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入2ml甲苯和1ml苯，120℃下搅拌回流3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.37g产物,产率31％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 900.2644。
实施例26
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.83g六正丁基二锡、4mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入5mlDMF，110℃下搅拌回流3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.53g产物,产率43.5％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 850.2276。
实施例27
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、5.72g六正丁基二锡、8mg醋酸钯于反应瓶中，加入5ml甲苯，110℃下搅拌回流3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.42g产物,产率33.6％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 751.1863。
实施例28
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、0.4g六正丁基二锡、13mg二苄亚基丙酮二氯化钯、17mg三甲基苯基磷于反应瓶中，加入5ml邻二甲苯，110℃下搅拌回流3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.43g产物，产率35％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found 852.2949。
实施例29
称取1g的溴代苝酰亚胺、7.86g六正丁基二锡、12mg二苄亚基丙酮二氯化钯、16mg三甲基苯基磷于反应瓶中，加入5ml邻二甲苯，110℃下搅拌回流3小时。待反应完全，减压旋干反应液，柱层析分离得0.43g产物,产率35.6％,HRMS(MALDI-TOF):found890.3065。
实施例30：
将实施例2得到的6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺进行性质研究。
(1)测试6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺与6-十一胺衍生的苝酰亚胺的UV-Vis光谱(图1所示)，经比较6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺的吸收光谱有明显红移。
(2)测试6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺的瞬态吸收光谱(图2所示)，其在400nm-515nm处检测到很强的激发三重态吸收。
(3)图3示出了6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺的瞬态吸收谱图中485nm处的动态吸收拟合三重态衰减时间，衰减时间为17us,6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺具有较长的三重态时间寿命。
(4)光敏剂的三重态能量可以传递给三重态的氧气分子(3O2)，而产生单重态的氧气分子(1O2)。利用单重态氧气的捕获剂1,3-二苯基异苯并呋喃(DPBF)来捕获单重态氧气，同时DPBF自身被1O2氧化，造成DPBF在紫外可见吸收光谱中414nm处的吸收峰降低。通过监测DPBF在414nm处的吸光度变化可计算光敏剂分子的单线态氧量子产率。图4给出6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺作为光敏剂影响DPBF的在DCM中紫外可见吸收随时间衰减图，通过计算得到6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺的单线态氧量子产率为40％。
(5)光敏剂应用于光动力治疗需要自身细胞毒性小且能进入细胞，并且在细胞内实现较好的单线态氧产出。在宫颈癌细胞内，荧光探针DCFH-DA作为一种活性氧检测试剂，本身无荧光且自由穿过细胞膜进入细胞，细胞内的活性氧(单线态氧)可以氧化无荧光的DCFH而生成有荧光的DCF,检测DCF的荧光强度便可以知道细胞内活性氧的水平。图5示出了6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺作为光敏剂影响DCFH-DA在宫颈癌细胞内的成像图，图中，从左至右依次为用6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺和DCFH-DA培养的宫颈癌细胞，无光照下荧光图像以及在经历10s,20s,30s的420nm绿光灯照射后的荧光图像，通过该图可以看出，6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺受光敏化后产生的单线态氧氧化DCFH而产生发荧光的DCF，使宫颈癌细胞出现荧光通过成像显现出来，并且随时间延长成像效果变好，20s的时候宫颈癌细胞的荧光强度便已不再变化，说明6-十一胺衍生的锡环化苝酰亚胺在细胞内具有很好地单线态氧效果。
实施例31：化合物B4、B6、B10、B14、B16、B17、B20、B22、B25、B27的性质以如下表格形式给出，测试条件和方法同实施例30。
化合物B4、B6、B10、B14、B16、B17、B20、B22、B25、B27的性质列表
| 化合物 | 吸收光谱 | 三重态衰减时间 | 单线态氧量子产率 |
| B4 | 红移 | 17μs | 47％ |
| B6 | 红移 | 18μs | 29％ |
| B10 | 红移 | 12μs | 26％ |
| B14 | 红移 | 14μs | 33％ |
| B16 | 红移 | 19μs | 46％ |
| B17 | 红移 | 11μs | 36％ |
| B20 | 红移 | 25μs | 42％ |
| B22 | 红移 | 21μs | 44％ |
| B25 | 红移 | 22μs | 39％ |
| B27 | 红移 | 18μs | 32％ |
以上所述仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制，任何熟悉本发明的技术人员在不脱离本发明技术范围内，当可利用上述提示的技术内容做出些许变动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明方案的范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一类金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物，其特征在于，该衍生物具有如下结构通式：
其中：R1、R2选自氢原子、含有取代基或不含有取代基的基团，所述含有取代基或不含有取代基的基团为含有取代基或不含取代基的碳原子数为1-60的烷基、碳原子数为1-60的烷氧基、碳原子数为3-60的环烷基、碳原子数为5-60的芳基、碳原子数为1-60的烷基芳基、碳原子数为1-60的烷基杂环基、碳原子数为1-60的亚烷基氧基烷基、碳原子数为1-60的亚烷基氧基芳基、碳原子数为1-60的亚烷基氧基杂芳基或者碳原子数为1-60的亚烷基氧基杂环基，R1和R2可为不同基团；
所述的取代基为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、羟基、巯基、氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、氰基、醛基、磺酸基、亚磺酸基、硝基、氨基、亚氨基、羧基和肼基中的至少一种。
2.一类金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物，其特征在于，该衍生物具有如下结构通式：
R1、R2各自独立的为含有取代基或不含有取代基的基团，所述的含有取代基或不含有取代基的基团为含有取代基或不含取代基的甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一碳烷基、十二碳烷基、十三碳烷基、十四碳烷基、十五碳烷基、十六碳烷基、十七碳烷基、十八碳烷基、十九碳烷基、二十碳烷基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、仲丁氧基、异丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基、壬氧基、癸氧基、十一碳烷氧基、十二碳烷氧基、十三碳烷氧基、十四碳烷氧基、十五碳烷氧基、十六碳烷氧基、十七碳烷氧基、十八碳烷氧 基、十九碳烷氧基、二十碳烷氧基、苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、并四苯基、并五苯基、并六苯基、 芘基、茚基、联苯基、芴基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环癸基、十一碳环烷基、十二碳环烷基、十三碳环烷基、十四碳环烷基、十五碳环烷基、十六碳环烷基、十七碳环烷基、十八碳环烷基、十九碳环烷基、二十碳环烷基、噻吩基、吡咯基、呋喃基、硒吩基、噻咯基、碲吩基、噁唑基、吡啶基或者嘧啶基；
所述的取代基为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、羟基、巯基、氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、氰基、醛基、磺酸基、亚磺酸基、硝基、氨基、亚氨基、羧基和肼基中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物的制备方法，其特征在于，将化合物A与六正丁基二锡混合，加入催化剂和有机溶剂，搅拌加热反应即得到所述的金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物，
其中，R1,R2的定义同权利要求1或2中的定义。
4.根据权利要求3所述的金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法的加热温度为90-180℃，反应时间为1-30小时，六正丁基二锡的用量为化合物A用量的0.5-10倍量；
所述有机溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、二氯苯、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、 氮甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、六甲基磷酰胺、环丁砜、乙腈和苯甲腈中的一种或者几种；
所述催化剂为醋酸钯或者三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物的应用，其特征在于，所述的金属锡环化的苝酰亚胺衍生物用于制备应用于光动力治疗领域的光敏剂或者作为一种光电材料应用于太阳能电池、有发光二极管和有机场效应晶体管领域。
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