CN111038057A - 一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111038057A
CN111038057A CN201911409104.7A CN201911409104A CN111038057A CN 111038057 A CN111038057 A CN 111038057A CN 201911409104 A CN201911409104 A CN 201911409104A CN 111038057 A CN111038057 A CN 111038057A
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layer
geomembrane
saline
sodium alginate
water
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王胜
江杰
刘大欣
齐志国
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Shandong Sunway Saline Alkali Soil Technology Co Ltd
Weifang Yourong Industry Co Ltd
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Shandong Sunway Saline Alkali Soil Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜，从下到上依次包括防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层，所述防腐层为聚氨酯、聚砜、醇酸树脂和二硫化钼的混合层，所述抗渗层为聚乙烯丙纶复合材料，所述耐候层为改性聚乙烯，所述保水层为海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维。本发明的土工膜在保证防腐耐候性的同时还增加了其耐磨性和耐穿刺性，可以防止土工膜下方的硬块戳破土工膜，效果更好，土工膜最上层为保水层，吸收保水的同时还可以吸收肥料、农药、并缓慢释放，增加肥效、药效；采用改性聚乙烯，大大缓解了普通的聚乙烯膜软化点低，强度不高，耐大气老化性差，易应力开裂等问题，使用周期更长，抗渗层采用聚乙烯丙纶复合材料，抗渗能力更强。

Description

一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及土工膜领域，具体涉及一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
盐碱地是盐类集积的一个种类，是指土壤里面所含的盐分影响到作物的正常生长，根据联合国教科文组织和粮农组织不完全统计，全世界盐碱地的面积为9.5438亿公顷，其中我国为9913万公顷。我国碱土和碱化土壤的形成，大部分与土壤中碳酸盐的累计有关，因而碱化度普遍较高，严重的盐碱土壤地区植物几乎不能生存。
现在盐碱地的改良方法有洗盐、增施有机肥，合理施用化肥、用盐碱地专用土壤调理剂对土壤进行有效改良等，但上述改良方法修复时间长，费用高，效果见效慢；现有技术中也有用土工膜对盐碱地进行修复的，但是常用的用于土壤修复工程的土工膜大多为为高密度聚乙烯膜，这类膜具有极低渗透系数，较好柔性，给工程带来了很大的方便，但是在应用中发现其存在抗穿刺性能、耐磨性能不佳的问题，对其在盐碱地改良中的应用起到了很大的限制。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是：针对现有技术存在的不足，提供一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜，耐穿刺性和耐磨性好，可以更好的应用到盐碱地土壤修复中，保证耐腐性的同时大大增加了使用周期。
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是：针对现有技术存在的不足，提供一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜的制备方法，制造的土工膜在保证耐腐蚀性的同时耐磨性更好，使用寿命更长。
为解决上述第一个技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：
一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜，从下到上依次包括防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层，所述防腐层为聚氨酯、聚砜、醇酸树脂和二硫化钼的混合层，所述抗渗层为聚乙烯丙纶复合材料，所述耐候层为改性聚乙烯，所述保水层为海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维，所述防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层之间通过胶粘剂粘结在一起。
优选的，所述改进聚乙烯为氯化聚乙烯或交联聚乙烯中的一种。
优选的，所述保水层的厚度为0.8～1.2mm,所述耐候层的厚底为0.5～0.9mm，所述抗渗层的厚底为1.5～2.0mm，所述防腐层的厚底为0.6～1.0mm。
优选的，所述胶粘剂为硅丙乳液型防水织物胶黏剂。
为解决上述第二个技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：
(1)所述保水层的制备
A.将30g海藻酸钠粉末溶解在1000ml去离子水中,形成海藻酸钠溶液；
B.向上述海藻酸钠溶液中加入30g丙烯酰胺单体，搅拌均匀形成混合溶液；
C.将上述混合溶液加热至25～32℃，然后加入30mgN,N-亚甲基二丙烯酰胺交联剂、22mg过氧化苯甲酰引发剂和50mg过硫酸铵催化剂，反应12h，然后通过喷丝头喷到纺丝甬道中固化，得到海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维；
D.所述若干海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维交织在一起形成所述保水层；
A.将聚氨酯、聚砜和三氯甲烷在反应釜中加热至60～80℃，开启搅拌；
B.将反应釜通入氮气作为保护气，然后加入醇酸树脂和二硫化钼，继续搅拌得熔融液；
C.将所述熔融液倒入两个辊筒之间，经辊压后变成薄膜，再拉长使它更牢固得所述防腐层；
(3)成膜
A.将所述胶粘剂均匀涂抹在防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层的接触面，通过挤压设备进行压制，并于55～75℃的环境中放置40～60min，然后在室温下放置40～46h取出，得所述盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜。
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜，从下到上依次包括防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层，所述防腐层为聚氨酯、聚砜、醇酸树脂和二硫化钼的混合层，所述抗渗层为聚乙烯丙纶复合材料，所述耐候层为改性聚乙烯，所述保水层为海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维，所述防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层之间通过胶粘剂粘结在一起。现在常用的土工膜用聚乙烯膜作为防腐耐候膜，防腐性、耐候性都领先其它的土工膜，但是此类土工膜也存在一些问题，像耐磨性和耐穿刺性不足，在土工膜铺伸的时候容易造成破损从而引起土工膜下方的盐碱成分进入土工膜的上层正常土壤中，从而对作物的生长造成不利影响，且大大减短了土工膜的使用周期，造成原料的浪费以及处理破损土工膜造成的环境污染，本发明的土工膜的防腐层为聚氨酯、聚砜、醇酸树脂和二硫化钼的混合层，在聚氨酯中加入热固性树脂、热塑性树脂和其它的无机成分来提高其耐磨性和防腐性，相比传统的聚乙烯土工膜，机械性能更好，可以防止土工膜下方的硬块戳破土工膜，效果优良。本发明的土工膜最上层为保水层，吸收保水的同时还可以吸收肥料、农药、并缓慢释放，增加肥效、药效；耐候层采用改性聚乙烯，大大缓解了普通的聚乙烯膜软化点低，强度不高，耐大气老化性差，易应力开裂等问题，使用周期更长，抗渗层采用聚乙烯丙纶复合材料，抗渗能力更强。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜，从下到上依次包括防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层，所述防腐层为聚氨酯、聚砜、醇酸树脂和二硫化钼的混合层，所述抗渗层为聚乙烯丙纶复合材料，所述耐候层为氯化聚乙烯，所述保水层为海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维，所述保水层的厚度为0.8mm，所述耐候层的厚底为0.5mm，所述抗渗层的厚底为1.5mm，所述防腐层的厚底为0.6mm，所述防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层之间通过胶粘剂粘结在一起，所述胶粘剂为硅丙乳液型防水织物胶黏剂。
实施例2
实施例1的所述盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜的制备方法
(1)所述保水层的制备
A.将30g海藻酸钠粉末溶解在1000ml去离子水中,形成海藻酸钠溶液；
B.向上述海藻酸钠溶液中加入30g丙烯酰胺单体，搅拌均匀形成混合溶液；
C.将上述混合溶液加热至25℃，然后加入30mgN,N-亚甲基二丙烯酰胺交联剂、22mg过氧化苯甲酰引发剂和50mg过硫酸铵催化剂，反应12h，然后通过喷丝头喷到纺丝甬道中固化，得到海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维；
D.所述若干海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维交织在一起形成所述保水层；
(2)所述防腐层的制备
A.将聚氨酯、聚砜和三氯甲烷在反应釜中加热至60℃，开启搅拌；
B.将反应釜通入氮气作为保护气，然后加入醇酸树脂和二硫化钼，继续搅拌得熔融液；
C.将所述熔融液倒入两个辊筒之间，经辊压后变成薄膜，再拉长使它更牢固得所述防腐层；
(3)成膜
A.将所述胶粘剂均匀涂抹在防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层的接触面，通过挤压设备进行压制，并于55℃的环境中放置40min，然后在室温下放置40h取出，得所述盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜。
实施例3
一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜，从下到上依次包括防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层，所述防腐层为聚氨酯、聚砜、醇酸树脂和二硫化钼的混合层，所述抗渗层为聚乙烯丙纶复合材料，所述耐候层为氯化聚乙烯，所述保水层为海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维，所述保水层的厚度为1.0mm，,所述耐候层的厚底为0.7mm，所述抗渗层的厚底为1.7mm，所述防腐层的厚底为0.8mm，所述防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层之间通过胶粘剂粘结在一起，所述胶粘剂为硅丙乳液型防水织物胶黏剂。
实施例4
实施例3的所述盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜的制备方法
(1)所述保水层的制备
A.将30g海藻酸钠粉末溶解在1000ml去离子水中,形成海藻酸钠溶液；
B.向上述海藻酸钠溶液中加入30g丙烯酰胺单体，搅拌均匀形成混合溶液；
C.将上述混合溶液加热至32℃，然后加入30mgN,N-亚甲基二丙烯酰胺交联剂、22mg过氧化苯甲酰引发剂和50mg过硫酸铵催化剂，反应12h，然后通过喷丝头喷到纺丝甬道中固化，得到海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维；
D.所述若干海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维交织在一起形成所述保水层；
(2)所述防腐层的制备
A.将聚氨酯、聚砜和三氯甲烷在反应釜中加热至75℃，开启搅拌；
B.将反应釜通入氮气作为保护气，然后加入醇酸树脂和二硫化钼，继续搅拌得熔融液；
C.将所述熔融液倒入两个辊筒之间，经辊压后变成薄膜，再拉长使它更牢固得所述防腐层；
(3)成膜
A.将所述胶粘剂均匀涂抹在防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层的接触面，通过挤压设备进行压制，并于60℃的环境中放置50min，然后在室温下放置42h取出，得所述盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜。
实施例5
一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜，从下到上依次包括防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层，所述防腐层为聚氨酯、聚砜、醇酸树脂和二硫化钼的混合层，所述抗渗层为聚乙烯丙纶复合材料，所述耐候层为氯化聚乙烯，所述保水层为海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维，所述保水层的厚度为1.2mm，所述耐候层的厚底为0.9mm，所述抗渗层的厚底为2.0mm，所述防腐层的厚底为1.0mm，所述防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层之间通过胶粘剂粘结在一起，所述胶粘剂为硅丙乳液型防水织物胶黏剂。
实施例6
实施例5的所述盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜的制备方法
(1)所述保水层的制备
A.将30g海藻酸钠粉末溶解在1000ml去离子水中,形成海藻酸钠溶液；
B.向上述海藻酸钠溶液中加入30g丙烯酰胺单体，搅拌均匀形成混合溶液；
C.将上述混合溶液加热至32℃，然后加入30mgN,N-亚甲基二丙烯酰胺交联剂、22mg过氧化苯甲酰引发剂和50mg过硫酸铵催化剂，反应12h，然后通过喷丝头喷到纺丝甬道中固化，得到海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维；
D.所述若干海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维交织在一起形成所述保水层；
(2)所述防腐层的制备
A.将聚氨酯、聚砜和三氯甲烷在反应釜中加热至80℃，开启搅拌；
B.将反应釜通入氮气作为保护气，然后加入醇酸树脂和二硫化钼，继续搅拌得熔融液；
C.将所述熔融液倒入两个辊筒之间，经辊压后变成薄膜，再拉长使它更牢固得所述防腐层；
(3)成膜
A.将所述胶粘剂均匀涂抹在防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层的接触面，通过挤压设备进行压制，并于75℃的环境中放置60min，然后在室温下放置46h取出，得所述盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜。
对比例1
一种土壤修复用多层复合土工膜，从下到上依次包括防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层，所述防腐层为聚乙烯，所述抗渗层为聚乙烯丙纶复合材料，所述耐候层为氯化聚乙烯，所述保水层为海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维，所述保水层的厚度为1.2mm，所述耐候层的厚底为0.5mm，所述抗渗层的厚底为1.5mm，所述防腐层的厚底为0.6mm，所述防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层之间通过胶粘剂粘结在一起，所述胶粘剂为硅丙乳液型防水织物胶黏剂。
对比例2
对比例1的土壤修复用多层复合土工膜的制备方法
(1)所述保水层的制备
A.将30g海藻酸钠粉末溶解在1000ml去离子水中,形成海藻酸钠溶液；
B.向上述海藻酸钠溶液中加入30g丙烯酰胺单体，搅拌均匀形成混合溶液；
C.将上述混合溶液加热至32℃，然后加入30mgN,N-亚甲基二丙烯酰胺交联剂、22mg过氧化苯甲酰引发剂和50mg过硫酸铵催化剂，反应12h，然后通过喷丝头喷到纺丝甬道中固化，得到海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维；
D.所述若干海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维交织在一起形成所述保水层；
(2)成膜
A.将所述胶粘剂均匀涂抹在防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层的接触面，通过挤压设备进行压制，并于75℃的环境中放置60min，然后在室温下放置46h取出，得所述盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜。
将实施例1、3、5和对比例1制备的多层复合土工膜进行性能测试，测试方法和结果见表1，其中耐腐蚀性检测的方法是将多层复合土工膜用PH为8.5的碱浸泡48h，然后检测其拉伸屈服强度；耐磨性测试则是对多层复合土工膜进行同样的人工打磨后在自然光或者40w日光灯下，沿与试样45°方向观察试样表面，根据磨损程度大小依次评定为S0-S5级。
表1本发明的除草剂对盐碱地棉花种植的防治作用
Figure BDA0002349482280000071
Figure BDA0002349482280000081
通过表格1可以看出，相对于传统的高密度聚乙烯作为最外层的防腐耐候层，本发明的多层复合土工膜耐磨性更好，可以更好的防止土壤中的硬块对土工膜的磨损以及钩刮，避免对土工膜造成破坏导致盐碱地中的不利成分对植物生长造成影响，同时本发明的多层复合土工膜在机械性能和耐腐性上都有明显的改进。
应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜，其特征在于：从下到上依次包括防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层，所述防腐层为聚氨酯、聚砜、醇酸树脂和二硫化钼的混合层，所述抗渗层为聚乙烯丙纶复合材料，所述耐候层为改性聚乙烯，所述保水层为海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维，所述防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层之间通过胶粘剂粘结在一起。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜，其特征在于：所述改性聚乙烯为氯化聚乙烯或交联聚乙烯中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜，其特征在于:所述保水层的厚度为0.8～1.2mm,所述耐候层的厚底为0.5～0.9mm，所述抗渗层的厚底为1.5～2.0mm，所述防腐层的厚底为0.6～1.0mm。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜，其特征在于：所述胶粘剂为硅丙乳液型防水织物胶黏剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜的制备方法，其特征在于：
(1)所述保水层的制备
A.将30g海藻酸钠粉末溶解在1000ml去离子水中,形成海藻酸钠溶液；
B.向上述海藻酸钠溶液中加入30g丙烯酰胺单体，搅拌均匀形成混合溶液；
C.将上述混合溶液加热至25～32℃，然后加入30mgN,N-亚甲基二丙烯酰胺交联剂、22mg过氧化苯甲酰引发剂和50mg过硫酸铵催化剂，反应12h，然后通过喷丝头喷到纺丝甬道中固化，得到海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维；
D.所述若干海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纤维交织在一起形成所述保水层；
(2)所述防腐层的制备
A.将聚氨酯、聚砜和三氯甲烷在反应釜中加热至60～80℃，开启搅拌；
B.将反应釜通入氮气作为保护气，然后加入醇酸树脂和二硫化钼，继续搅拌得熔融液；
C.将所述熔融液倒入两个辊筒之间，经辊压后变成薄膜，再拉长使它更牢固得所述防腐层；
(3)成膜
A.将所述胶粘剂均匀涂抹在防腐层、抗渗层、耐候层和保水层的接触面，通过挤压设备进行压制，并于55～75℃的环境中放置40～60min，然后在室温下放置40～46h取出，得所述盐碱地土壤修复用多层复合土工膜。
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