CN111038055A - 一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111038055A
CN111038055A CN201911390485.9A CN201911390485A CN111038055A CN 111038055 A CN111038055 A CN 111038055A CN 201911390485 A CN201911390485 A CN 201911390485A CN 111038055 A CN111038055 A CN 111038055A
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filter felt
base cloth
fiber
lubricating oil
electrostatic spinning
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李素英
刘树森
王洪云
刘蓉
王小美
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Nantong Xinlvye Nonwovens Co ltd
Nantong University
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Nantong Xinlvye Nonwovens Co ltd
Nantong University
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，所述过滤毡是由至少2层过滤毡基布及至少1层静电纺丝膜复合而成,所述过滤毡基布是由耐油高聚物纤维制备的无纺布，所述静电纺丝膜复合在相邻的过滤毡基布之间。本发明揭示了一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡；采用非织造加固工艺，以静电纺丝和热粘合为技术支持，制备一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡及其制备方法，制得的过滤毡，过滤效率高于60%，高于目前市场上过滤效率最好的过滤毡，且成本远低于由高性能纤维制备的过滤毡；一面热粘合处理提高了基布的热稳定性，在高温工作环境中不变形，不漏油，实用性强，适合工业化生产，其制备过程简单，易操控，过滤毡能优良，过滤效率高。

Description

一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡及其制备方法
本发明涉及一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，具体涉及一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡及其制备方法。
背景技术
润滑油是用在各类机械上以达到润滑减摩、清洁分散、冷却降温、防腐防蚀、密封防漏、减震缓冲等作用效果，所以润滑油对于器械的使用寿命有着举足轻重的作用。高温工作和机械磨损产生的金属粉末以及各类杂质混入润滑油中，会加速零件的磨损，缩短发动机的使用寿命。经常更换润滑油是最佳方案，但其最大的弊端是成本太高；故而一般润滑油都要经过滤清器才能到达润滑部位；汽车、工业润滑油过滤毡主要过滤机油中的各类杂质，胶质和水分，其中以磁铁性杂质居多，对发动机的损害也是最大的；一般的过滤毡过滤效率低，多种材料复合过滤毡作用效果提高，但工艺复杂，成本也会相应提高。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种原料来源范围广，过滤效率高，成本低，适用于各类汽车、工业用润滑油过滤的滤材。
技术方案：本发明所述的一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，所述过滤毡是由至少2层过滤毡基布及至少1层静电纺丝膜复合而成, 所述过滤毡基布是由耐油高聚物纤维制备的无纺布，所述静电纺丝膜复合在相邻的过滤毡基布之间。
优选的，所述过滤毡基布是由纤维A和纤维B混纺而成，所述纤维A和纤维B为同种纤维，但纤维A和纤维B的细度不同。
优选的，所述过滤毡基布中纤维A细度为2～3d，纤维B细度为1～2d。
优选的，所述过滤毡基布中的纤维A和纤维B采用纤维粗细配比为6:4。
优选的，所述过滤毡基布采用的为聚酯纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、双组份纤维中的其中一种。
一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）开松：首先将按照一定配比用于制备过滤毡的纤维原料进行开松，混合均匀；
（2）梳理成网：然后梳理成网，由输网帘输送以备进一步加固处理；
（3）加固：采用至少一种加固工艺制备过滤毡基布；
（4）复合：将过滤毡基布放置于输网帘上，过滤毡基布一面为静电纺丝接受面，采用静电纺丝工艺在静电纺丝接受面上制造静电纺丝膜，再复合过滤毡基布，重复操作，直至制备复合要求的层数，保证静电纺丝膜复合在相邻的过滤毡基布之间，所述静电纺丝膜复合与过滤毡基布之间采用超声波技术进行粘合处理，制得过滤毡；
（5）定型：热粘合非织造工艺对过滤毡进一步定型，将过滤毡的一面进行热定型。
优选的，所述步骤三中的加固工艺为针刺工艺、水刺工艺其中的一种或两种。
优选的，所述采用水刺工艺后要对制得的过滤毡基布进行烘干处理。
优选的，所述步骤（4）中的静电纺丝膜是由PVA溶于N，N-二甲基甲酰胺配制纺丝液，纺丝液通过静电纺技术喷涂在过滤毡基布形成的。
优选的，所述步骤（5）热粘合非织造工艺中热轧温度设置85℃～180℃，时间4min，得到汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡。
有益效果，本发明揭示了一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，以简单高效为原则，以常见纤维为原料，采用非织造加固工艺，以静电纺丝和热粘合为技术支持，制备一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，制得的过滤毡，过滤效率高于60%，高于目前市场上过滤效率最好的过滤毡，且成本远低于由高性能纤维制备的过滤毡；一面热粘合处理提高了基布的热稳定性，其热收缩率小于8.5%，在高温工作环境中不变形，不漏油，实用性强，适合工业化生产，其制备过程简单，易操控，过滤毡能优良，过滤效率高。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构剖视图；
1、过滤毡基布；11、纤维A；12、纤维B；2、静电纺丝膜；3、热轧面。
具体实施方式
如图1所示本发明所述的一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，所述过滤毡是由3层过滤毡基布1及至少2层静电纺丝膜2复合而成, 所述过滤毡基布1是由耐油高聚物纤维制备的无纺布，所述静电纺丝膜2复合在相邻的过滤毡基布1之间。
本实例中优选的，所述过滤毡基布1是由纤维A11和纤维B12混纺而成，所述纤维A11和纤维B12为同种纤维，但纤维A11和纤维B12的细度不同。
本实例中优选的所述过滤毡基布1中纤维A11细度为2～3d，纤维B12细度为1～2d。
本实例中优选的本实例中优选的所述过滤毡基布1中的纤维A11和纤维B12采用纤维粗细配比为6:4。
本实例中优选的，所述过滤毡基布1采用的为聚酯纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、双组份纤维中的其中一种。
实例一
一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）开松：首先将按照一定配比用于制备过滤毡的纤维原料进行开松，混合均匀；具体为采用细度分别为2.75dtex和1.5dtex的聚酯纤维按粗细比为6:4的纤维配比，对原材料进行初步的混合开松，再通过精开松，使纤维进一步混合均匀；
（2）梳理成网：然后梳理成网，由输网帘输送以备进一步加固处理；在铺网的过程中降低打手速度，提高纤网均匀度，以保证纤维毡的各向同性。由输网帘输送，以备进一步的加固处理；
（3）加固：采用加固工艺制备过滤毡基布1；所述加固工艺为针刺工艺，是通过带有倒钩的刺针，对蓬松的纤网进行反复针刺，使纤维在运动的过程中因为摩擦力相互缠结，抱合，从而形成具有一定厚度，一定强度的针刺非织造材料；其工艺参数包括针刺频率、植针密度、针刺动程以及工作幅宽等可根据不同的纤维和设备设置。如设置针刺频率1200次/min，布针密度2000～3000枚/m；
（4）复合：将过滤毡基布1放置于输网帘上，过滤毡基布1一面为静电纺丝接受面，采用静电纺丝工艺在静电纺丝接受面上制造静电纺丝膜2，再复合过滤毡基布1，重复操作，直至制备复合要求的层数，保证静电纺丝膜2复合在相邻的过滤毡基布1之间，所述静电纺丝膜2复合与过滤毡基布1之间采用超声波技术进行粘合处理；制得过滤毡；具体为采用超声波粘合技术复合，形成过滤毡基布1/静电纺丝膜2/过滤毡基布1/静电纺丝膜2/过滤毡基布1的夹层结构：超声波粘合利用振动摩擦产热使两界面熔融粘合；将PVA溶于N，N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)配制纺丝液, 将过滤毡基布1平铺在输网帘上，其中一面为静电纺丝接受面，采用静电纺丝工艺获得静电纺丝膜2；进一步的，在静电薄膜上面附上过滤毡基布1，利用超声粘合处理，得到过滤毡基布1/静电纺丝膜2/过滤毡基布1的结构；重复以上操作一次，制得过滤毡基布1/静电纺丝膜2/过滤毡基布1/静电纺丝膜2/过滤毡基布1的夹层结构的制得过滤毡；静电纺丝工艺参数包括PVA质量分数为7%～50%，接受面到喷头的距离10～20cm，流速在0.2ml/h～0.4ml/h，电纺的电压12～20KV；多层复合静电薄膜的夹层结构能够有效地提高过滤毡的过滤效率；
（5）定型：热粘合非织造工艺对过滤毡进一步定型，将过滤毡的一面进行热定型，热粘合非织造工艺能够使纤网受热后部分纤维软化熔融,纤维间产生粘结,冷却后纤网得到加固。将（4）中的制得制得过滤毡平铺在成形网上，热轧温度设置85℃～180℃，时间4min，带有热轧面3的汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，其厚度1.15mm～4.15mm，面密度达到800g/m2～1200g/m2，热收缩率低于8.6%。
实例二
一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）开松：首先将按照一定配比用于制备过滤毡的纤维原料进行开松，混合均匀；具体为采用细度分别为2.75dtex和1.5dtex的聚酯纤维按粗细比为6:4的纤维配比，对原材料进行初步的混合开松，再通过精开松，使纤维进一步混合均匀；
（2）梳理成网：然后梳理成网，由输网帘输送以备进一步加固处理；在铺网的过程中降低打手速度，提高纤网均匀度，以保证纤维毡的各向同性。由输网帘输送，以备进一步的加固处理；
（3）加固：采用加固工艺制备过滤毡基布1；所述加固工艺为水刺工艺，是依靠高压水针射流对托网帘或转鼓上运动的纤网进行连续喷射，使纤网中的纤维发生位移、穿插、相互缠结抱合，从而使纤网得到加固；采用高压水刺，为提高试样强力，可以降低水刺板的速度，使纤网缠结得更加密实；水针板与生产速度，以及水刺机鼓套等工艺参数可根据不同纤维和设备设置；采用水刺工艺后要对制得的过滤毡基布1进行烘干处理。
（4）复合：将过滤毡基布1放置于输网帘上，过滤毡基布1一面为静电纺丝接受面，采用静电纺丝工艺在静电纺丝接受面上制造静电纺丝膜2，再复合过滤毡基布1，重复操作，直至制备复合要求的层数，保证静电纺丝膜2复合在相邻的过滤毡基布1之间，所述静电纺丝膜2复合与过滤毡基布1之间采用超声波技术进行粘合处理；制得过滤毡；具体为采用超声波粘合技术复合，形成过滤毡基布1/静电纺丝膜2/过滤毡基布1/静电纺丝膜2/过滤毡基布1的夹层结构：超声波粘合利用振动摩擦产热使两界面熔融粘合；将PVA溶于N，N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)配制纺丝液, 将过滤毡基布1平铺在输网帘上，其中一面为静电纺丝接受面，采用静电纺丝工艺获得静电纺丝膜2；进一步的，在静电薄膜上面附上过滤毡基布1，利用超声粘合处理，得到过滤毡基布1/静电纺丝膜2/过滤毡基布1的结构；重复以上操作一次，制得过滤毡基布1/静电纺丝膜2/过滤毡基布1/静电纺丝膜2/过滤毡基布1的夹层结构的制得过滤毡；静电纺丝工艺参数包括PVA质量分数为7%～50%，接受面到喷头的距离10～20cm，流速在0.2ml/h～0.4ml/h，电纺的电压12～20KV；多层复合静电薄膜的夹层结构能够有效地提高过滤毡的过滤效率；
（5）定型：热粘合非织造工艺对过滤毡进一步定型，将过滤毡的一面进行热定型，所述定型面，热粘合非织造工艺能够使纤网受热后部分纤维软化熔融,纤维间产生粘结,冷却后纤网得到加固。；将（4）中的制得制得过滤毡；平铺在成形网上，热轧温度设置85℃～180℃，时间4min，得到带有热轧面3的汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，其厚度1.15mm～4.15mm，面密度达到800g/m2～1200g/m2，热收缩率低于8.6%。
本汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡的制备方法是先将所用多种原材料开松混合均匀，铺网经非织造工艺加固，定型，再多层复合静电纺薄膜，制得的过滤毡，过滤效率高于60%，高于目前市场上过滤效率最好的过滤毡，且成本远低于由高性能纤维制备的过滤毡；一面热粘合处理提高了基布的热稳定性，其热收缩率小于8.5%，在高温工作环境中不变形，不漏油，实用性强，适合工业化生产。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，其特征在于：所述过滤毡是由至少2层过滤毡基布及至少1层静电纺丝膜复合而成, 所述过滤毡基布是由耐油高聚物纤维制备的无纺布，所述静电纺丝膜复合在相邻的过滤毡基布之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，其特征在于：根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，其特征在于：所述过滤毡基布是由纤维A和纤维B混纺而成，所述纤维A和纤维B为同种纤维，但纤维A和纤维B的细度不同。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，其特征在于：所述过滤毡基布中纤维A细度为2～3d，纤维B细度为1～2d。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，其特征在于：所述过滤毡基布中的纤维A和纤维B采用纤维粗细配比为6:4。
5.根据权利要求1至4所述的任意一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡，其特征在于：所述过滤毡基布采用的为聚酯纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、双组份纤维中的其中一种。
6.根据权利要求1-5所述的一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡的制备方法，其特征在于：所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）开松：首先将按照一定配比用于制备过滤毡的纤维原料进行开松，混合均匀；
（2）梳理成网：然后梳理成网，由输网帘输送以备进一步加固处理；
（3）加固：采用至少一种加固工艺制备过滤毡基布；
（4）复合：将过滤毡基布放置于输网帘上，过滤毡基布一面为静电纺丝接受面，采用静电纺丝工艺在静电纺丝接受面上制造静电纺丝膜，再复合过滤毡基布，重复操作，直至制备复合要求的层数，保证静电纺丝膜复合在相邻的过滤毡基布之间，所述静电纺丝膜复合与过滤毡基布之间采用超声波技术进行粘合处理，制得过滤毡；
（5）定型：热粘合非织造工艺对过滤毡进一步定型，将过滤毡的一面进行热定型。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡的制备方法，其特征在于：
所述步骤三中的加固工艺为针刺工艺、水刺工艺其中的一种或两种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡的制备方法，其特征在于：
所述采用水刺工艺后要对制得的过滤毡基布进行烘干处理。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（4）中的静电纺丝膜是由PVA溶于N，N-二甲基甲酰胺配制纺丝液，纺丝液通过静电纺技术喷涂在过滤毡基布形成的。
10.根据权利要求6所述的一种汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（5）热粘合非织造工艺中热轧温度设置85℃～180℃，时间4min，得到汽车、工业用润滑油过滤毡。
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Application publication date: 20200421