CN111037022B - Vacuum brazing process for aluminum radiator - Google Patents
Vacuum brazing process for aluminum radiator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111037022B CN111037022B CN202010014667.2A CN202010014667A CN111037022B CN 111037022 B CN111037022 B CN 111037022B CN 202010014667 A CN202010014667 A CN 202010014667A CN 111037022 B CN111037022 B CN 111037022B
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- vacuum brazing
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- aluminum radiator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a vacuum brazing process for an aluminum radiator, which comprises the following process steps: performing surface treatment on an aluminum radiator part, assembling brazing filler metal at a part to be brazed of the aluminum radiator part, closing a furnace door and vacuumizing, performing vacuum brazing by heating the aluminum radiator part in a gradient continuous curve in a vacuum brazing furnace, heating the aluminum radiator part in a first stage of the vacuum brazing furnace for 60min, then keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 399 ℃, heating the aluminum radiator part in a second stage of the vacuum brazing furnace for 30min, keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 566 ℃, heating the aluminum radiator part in a third stage for 20min, keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 592 ℃, then stopping heating, cooling, taking out for inspection, controlling the temperature rise gradient continuous curve and the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace, the water pressure and the air pressure delay alarm enable the grain growth and the solder flow of the position to be soldered of the aluminum radiator part to be proper, guarantee the welding size to be uniform and strength, obviously improve the vacuum brazing efficiency and shorten the production period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vacuum brazing process for an aluminum radiator, and belongs to the technical field of radiator production processes.
Background
Aluminum heat exchange radiators used for cooling hydraulic oil on vehicles such as automobiles and engineering vehicles have the characteristics of higher heat dissipation efficiency, lower weight and cost, reduction of automobile oil consumption and the like compared with copper radiators, and are widely used. The all-aluminum heat exchanger continues to use the copper radiator with the characteristic of a coiled pipe structure, is formed by assembling mechanical expanding pipes and radiating fins of aluminum pipes by a hydraulic method, and is produced by brazing an aluminum plate-fin type radiator in order to ensure that the heat exchange efficiency is not reduced along with the invention of a NOCOLOK non-corrosive brazing flux welding process and the improvement of the environmental protection requirement.
The brazing process of the aluminum radiator comprises the following steps of (1) salt bath dip welding: the oxide layer on the surface of the molten salt is removed, so that the molten solder metal can flow and be wetted, but the residual bath salt has strong corrosivity to aluminum, the removal process is complex, and the residual hidden danger exists; (2) the vacuum brazing technology comprises the following steps: under the vacuum condition, the soldered solid-state metal gaps are filled with high-temperature liquid solder under the action of capillary force, magnesium is added into the solder, the cost is cheaper, the process is cleaner, no waste is generated in the soldering process, and the phenomena of oxidation, increment, decarburization, deterioration and the like can not occur, but because magnesium is condensed in the wall of a vacuum furnace, the furnace needs to be stopped for cleaning, the existing vacuum soldering curve is shown as an attached drawing 1, and the production efficiency is lower; (3) CAB gas shielded welding: the master batch aluminum material is wetted by the gas protection brazing filler metal for welding, the oxidation of the welding position is protected, the production efficiency is higher than that of vacuum brazing, but the cost is higher, and the strength and the cleanliness are not as good as those of the vacuum brazing due to the uneven gas protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a vacuum brazing process for an aluminum radiator, which has the advantages that the grain growth and the brazing filler metal flowing of the part to be brazed of the aluminum radiator are appropriate due to rapid gradient temperature rise, the welding size uniformity and the welding strength are ensured, the vacuum brazing efficiency is obviously improved, and the production period is shortened.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a vacuum brazing process for an aluminum radiator comprises the following process steps:
(1) assembling brazing filler metal at a position to be brazed of an aluminum radiator part, putting the brazing filler metal into a vacuum brazing furnace, closing a furnace door and vacuumizing;
(2) the vacuum brazing furnace is heated in a gradient continuous curve for vacuum brazing, in the first stage of the vacuum brazing furnace, the temperature is uniformly increased to 515-525 ℃ within 30min at first, then is reduced to 420-440 ℃ within 60min, then the constant temperature is kept for less than or equal to 60min, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-1Pa；
(3) The temperature of the second stage of the vacuum brazing furnace is increased to 570-580 ℃ at a constant speed for 30min, then the constant temperature is maintained for less than or equal to 60min, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-1Pa is less than 10-2Pa；
(4) In the third stage of the vacuum brazing furnace, the temperature is uniformly increased to 610-615 ℃ within 20min, then the constant temperature is kept for less than or equal to 60min, the cooling is carried out for less than or equal to 70min, the termination temperature of the cooling is 560-580 ℃, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-2Pa；
(5) And (5) opening the furnace door after the vacuum brazing is finished, taking out the brazed aluminum radiator and carrying out inspection.
Further, when the temperature of the vacuum brazing furnace is lower than the highest set temperature, alarming is carried out when the temperature of the vacuum brazing furnace exceeds the highest set temperature, cooling circulating water is adopted for cooling the vacuum brazing furnace, the working water pressure of the cooling circulating water is larger than or equal to 0.15MPa, light warning is adopted when the air pressure of the vacuum brazing furnace is insufficient, acousto-optic alarm is delayed for less than 10s, and the temperature rise and the vacuum operation of the vacuum brazing furnace are stopped after the acousto-optic alarm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention controls the continuous curve of the temperature rise gradient, the vacuum degree, the water pressure and the gas rolling delay of the vacuum brazing furnace to alarm, quickly raises the temperature to ensure that the crystal grains at the position to be brazed of the aluminum radiator part grow properly, the brazing filler metal is fully diffused to the position to be brazed to form a firm structure, the crystal at the position to be brazed is proper, the brazing filler metal is in an optimal flowing state, the phenomena of insufficient welding, intergranular corrosion, a brittle compound layer and intergranular infiltration are avoided, the brittle phase and low-melting point eutectic in a brazing seam are eliminated, the welding size is ensured to be uniform and the welding strength is ensured, the vacuum brazing efficiency is obviously improved, and the production period is shortened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of a vacuum brazing process for an aluminum radiator in the prior art.
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of the vacuum brazing process of the aluminum radiator of the present invention compared to the prior art.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
A vacuum brazing process for an aluminum radiator comprises the following process steps:
(1) assembling brazing filler metal at a position to be brazed of an aluminum radiator part, putting the brazing filler metal into a vacuum brazing furnace, closing a furnace door and vacuumizing;
(2) the vacuum brazing furnace is heated in a gradient continuous curve, so that the high-temperature liquid brazing filler metal is filled in the part to be brazed of the aluminum radiator part under the action of capillary force, vacuum brazing is carried out, the temperature of the vacuum brazing furnace is lower than the highest set temperature when being heated, and an alarm is given when the temperature of the vacuum brazing furnace exceeds the highest set temperature;
when the air pressure of the vacuum brazing furnace is insufficient, light warning is adopted, acousto-optic alarm is delayed for less than 10s, and the temperature rise and the vacuum operation of the vacuum brazing furnace are stopped after the acousto-optic alarm;
the vacuum brazing furnace is heated up in a gradient continuous curve for vacuum brazing, the temperature is uniformly raised to 520 ℃ within 30min at the first stage of the vacuum brazing furnace, then the temperature is reduced to 430 ℃ within 60min, the temperature is kept at constant temperature for 60min, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-1Pa；
(3) The temperature of the second stage of the vacuum brazing furnace is raised to 575 ℃ in 30min at a constant speed, then the temperature is kept for 60min at a constant temperature, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-1Pa is less than 10-2Pa；
(4) Uniformly heating to 612 deg.C for 20min in the third stage of vacuum brazing furnace, maintaining the temperature for 60min, cooling for 70min at the termination temperature of 592 deg.C, and maintaining the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace above 10-2Pa；
(5) And after the vacuum brazing is finished, opening the furnace door, taking out the brazed aluminum radiator and inspecting, and connecting and assembling the aluminum radiator with the end socket and the support leg bolt to obtain a finished product of the aluminum radiator.
The mechanism of the invention is as follows:
(1) the aluminum radiator part comprises a seal, a radiator core cover plate, an aluminum strip which is straightened and cut and an aluminum strip which is punched into fins, the surface of the aluminum radiator part is treated, ultrasonic-assisted mechanical cleaning and chemical cleaning are adopted, the brazing filler metal can be Ni-Cr-B-Si brazing filler metal added with magnesium, and the aluminum radiator is made of aluminum materials or aluminum composite plates;
(2) the vacuum brazing furnace adopts thermal radiation heating and adopts a PID system to control temperature rise, the highest set temperature is set, for example, the highest set temperature can be set to be 800 ℃, when the temperature in the vacuum brazing furnace is detected to exceed 800 ℃, overtemperature alarm is carried out, the highest temperature of equipment is avoided being exceeded, the normal work of a system is protected, and the situation that the melted brazing filler metal is different to cause the porosity of a welding line is avoided;
(3) the water pressure and air pressure in the brazing process adopt warning and less than 10s time delay acousto-optic alarm, after the acousto-optic alarm, the temperature rise and the vacuum operation of the vacuum brazing furnace are stopped to be used as a safety protection system, so that faults are eliminated and the alarm is relieved to ensure safe production, when the water pressure and air pressure alarm is instantly generated and is instantly relieved due to disturbance, or the water pressure and the air pressure are reduced due to too large load of used equipment, and then when the water pressure and the air pressure are automatically recovered, an indicator lamp for indicating the 'water pressure alarm' or the 'air pressure alarm' is on, the acousto-optic alarm does not occur, the safety protection system does not act, and the action of the safety protection system and the unnecessary loss caused by the wrong alarm caused by the interference of the acquired signals are prevented;
(4) as shown in the attached figure 2, the temperature rise gradient continuous curve and the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace are controlled, so that the temperature rise is uniformly increased to 515-525 ℃ within 30min at the first stage of temperature rise, then the temperature is reduced to 420-440 ℃ within 60min, and then the temperature is kept at constant temperature for 60min, so that the phenomenon that crystal grains of an aluminum radiator part are too large due to slow temperature rise and harmful corrosion is generated due to volatilization of brazing filler metal components is avoided, the stable temperature time is shortened, the temperature of a part to be brazed is uniform, the poor brazing thermal conductivity is avoided, and meanwhile, the welding strength quality is prevented from being influenced by longer time and volatilization of the brazing filler metal components;
(5) in the second heating stage, the vacuum brazing furnace is heated to 570-580 ℃ at a constant speed for 30min, and then the temperature is kept for 60min at a constant temperature, so that the temperature gradients inside and outside the heat exchanger parts are reduced, the phenomena that the brazing filler metal flows to a high-temperature part on the surface to cause loss, induced deformation, dislocation and internal stress generation, and material cracks are caused due to the fact that good filling cannot be formed at joints are avoided, the thermal stress is reduced, and the deformation is controlled to be the minimum;
(6) in the third temperature rise stage, the vacuum brazing furnace is heated to 610-615 ℃ at a constant speed for 20min, then the constant temperature is kept for less than or equal to 60min, so that the brazing filler metal is fully diffused to the part to be brazed to form a firm structure, the crystal of the part to be brazed is moderate, the brazing filler metal is in an optimal flowing state, the part to be brazed can be easily filled under the capillary action and generates alloying action to form a solid melt, the phenomena of insufficient welding, intergranular corrosion, a brittle compound layer and intergranular infiltration are avoided, a brittle phase and low-melting point eutectic in a brazing seam are eliminated, and the uniformity and strength of the welding size are ensured;
(7) cooling by adopting cooling circulating water for less than or equal to 70min, wherein the termination temperature of cooling is 560-580 ℃, so that the cooling speed is proper, the dendrite segregation is reduced, the size of aluminum welding crystal grains of the radiator part is proper, the alloy structure in the brazing filler metal is refined, the strength of a welding joint is better, the cracking caused by thermal stress is avoided, and the strength of the welding joint is close to that of the aluminum radiator metal material;
(8) the initial vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-2Pa, the vacuum degree of the first temperature rise stage of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-1Pa, the vacuum degree of the second stage is higher than 10-1Pa is less than 10-2Pa, third stage vacuum degree higher than 10-2Pa, controlling the vacuum degree, avoiding influencing the decomposition and volatilization of alloy elements in the brazing filler metal and the wetting and flowing of the metal surface of the aluminum radiator part, ensuring that the precipitated gas is fully extracted, ensuring the vacuum brazing process and obtaining a bright joint;
(9) the aluminum radiator is subjected to welding performance detection according to GB 11363-: 1. the welding seam is qualified; 2. the air tightness test is qualified; 3. the argon arc welding seam is qualified; 4. and (3) the blasting test is qualified: when the pressure is 95Bar, the composite plate is broken due to deformation and cracking of the oil duct of the radiator, and the composite plate is unqualified when the pressure is below 80 Bar; 5. the pulse test is qualified after more than 30 ten thousand times.
In summary, it can be seen that the present invention controls the temperature gradient continuous curve, the vacuum degree, the water pressure and the gas rolling delay alarm of the vacuum brazing furnace, the rapid temperature rise makes the crystal grain growth of the part to be brazed of the aluminum radiator proper, the brazing filler metal fully diffuses to the part to be brazed to form a firm structure, the crystal of the part to be brazed is proper, the brazing filler metal is in an optimal flowing state, the phenomena of insufficient solder, intergranular corrosion, brittle compound layer and intergranular infiltration are avoided, the brittle phase and low-melting eutectic in the brazing seam are eliminated, the welding size uniformity and strength are ensured, the vacuum brazing efficiency is obviously improved, the production cycle is shortened, see the attached figure 2, and the production time of the welding curve adopting the present invention is shortened by 200 min.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. The vacuum brazing process for the aluminum radiator is characterized by comprising the following process steps of:
(1) assembling brazing filler metal at a position to be brazed of an aluminum radiator part, putting the brazing filler metal into a vacuum brazing furnace, closing a furnace door and vacuumizing;
(2) the vacuum brazing furnace is heated in a gradient continuous curve for vacuum brazing, in the first stage of the vacuum brazing furnace, the temperature is uniformly increased to 515-525 ℃ within 30min, then is reduced to 420-440 ℃ within 60min, then the constant temperature is kept for less than or equal to 60min, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-1 Pa;
(3) in the second stage of the vacuum brazing furnace, the temperature is increased to 570-580 ℃ at a constant speed for 30min, then the constant temperature is kept for less than or equal to 60min, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-1Pa and lower than 10-2 Pa;
(4) in the third stage of the vacuum brazing furnace, the temperature is uniformly increased to 610-615 ℃ within 20min, then the constant temperature is kept for less than or equal to 60min, the cooling is carried out for less than or equal to 70min, the termination temperature of the cooling is 560-580 ℃, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-2 Pa;
(5) and (5) opening the furnace door after the vacuum brazing is finished, taking out the brazed aluminum radiator and carrying out inspection.
2. The vacuum brazing process for the aluminum radiator as recited in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the vacuum brazing furnace is lower than a maximum set temperature, and the vacuum brazing furnace alarms when the temperature of the vacuum brazing furnace exceeds the maximum set temperature.
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| CN112222789A (en) * | 2020-08-23 | 2021-01-15 | 蚌埠市神舟机械有限公司 | Manufacturing process of marine radiator |
| CN112388144B (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Precise diffusion welding method for millimeter wave waveguide antenna |
| CN113042879B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-05-03 | 杭州沈氏节能科技股份有限公司 | Silicon carbide diffusion welding method and silicon carbide heat exchanger |
| CN113523469A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-10-22 | 芜湖市零一精密工具制造有限公司 | Vacuum welding process for machining cutter |
| CN114147307B (en) * | 2021-11-14 | 2023-01-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | Vacuum brazing process for ATR cabinet |
| CN114248069A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-29 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Welding process for one-step brazing molding of parts with different heat capacities |
| CN114353556B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-03-01 | 无锡市张华医药设备有限公司 | Large-scale belt-wound spiral micro-channel heat exchanger and brazing process thereof |
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| AU2004207223A1 (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2004-08-12 | Showa Denko K.K. | Heat exchanger and process for fabricating same |
| CN100427257C (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2008-10-22 | 深圳市金科特种材料股份有限公司 | Soft vacuum brazing process for aluminum alloy workpiece |
| EP2087961B1 (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2012-07-25 | Turbine Overhaul Services Private Limited | System and method for restoring a metal turbine blade or vane |
| CN102009241A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2011-04-13 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | Vacuum brazing process of high-strength aluminum alloy plate fin radiator |
| CN103157864B (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2016-08-24 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | Aluminium alloy water, gas separating device vacuum brazing technique |
| CN104002005B (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2018-12-14 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | The vacuum brazing of aluminium alloy gas path plate and heat treatment integral process |
| CN104923873B (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2017-08-01 | 无锡众博深冷工程有限公司 | A kind of vacuum brazing technique method of aluminum plate-fin heat exchanger |
| CN105563018A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-05-11 | 陕西一品达石化有限公司 | Machining method of DCMP aluminium alloy vacuum soldering machine case |
| CN107598318B (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2019-12-20 | 贵州永红换热冷却技术有限公司 | Process method and clamp for reducing vacuum brazing defects of 6061 aluminum alloy |
| CN109732165A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-05-10 | 常州爱克普换热器有限公司 | Heat exchanger wing plate vacuum brazing technique |
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