CN111037022A - Vacuum brazing process for aluminum radiator - Google Patents
Vacuum brazing process for aluminum radiator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111037022A CN111037022A CN202010014667.2A CN202010014667A CN111037022A CN 111037022 A CN111037022 A CN 111037022A CN 202010014667 A CN202010014667 A CN 202010014667A CN 111037022 A CN111037022 A CN 111037022A
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- vacuum brazing
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- aluminum radiator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to a vacuum brazing process for an aluminum radiator, which comprises the following process steps: performing surface treatment on an aluminum radiator part, assembling brazing filler metal at a part to be brazed of the aluminum radiator part, closing a furnace door and vacuumizing, performing vacuum brazing by heating the aluminum radiator part in a gradient continuous curve in a vacuum brazing furnace, heating the aluminum radiator part in a first stage of the vacuum brazing furnace for 60min, then keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 399 ℃, heating the aluminum radiator part in a second stage of the vacuum brazing furnace for 30min, keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 566 ℃, heating the aluminum radiator part in a third stage for 20min, keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 592 ℃, then, the water pressure and the air pressure delay alarm enable the grain growth and the solder flow of the position to be soldered of the aluminum radiator part to be proper, guarantee the welding size to be uniform and strength, obviously improve the vacuum brazing efficiency and shorten the production period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vacuum brazing process for an aluminum radiator, and belongs to the technical field of radiator production processes.
Background
Aluminum heat exchange radiators used for cooling hydraulic oil on vehicles such as automobiles and engineering vehicles have the characteristics of higher heat dissipation efficiency, lower weight and cost, reduction of automobile oil consumption and the like compared with copper radiators, and are widely used. The all-aluminum heat exchanger continues to use the copper radiator with the characteristic of a coiled pipe structure, is formed by assembling mechanical expanding pipes and radiating fins of aluminum pipes by a hydraulic method, and is produced by brazing an aluminum plate-fin type radiator in order to ensure that the heat exchange efficiency is not reduced along with the invention of a NOCOLOK non-corrosive brazing flux welding process and the improvement of the environmental protection requirement.
The brazing process of the aluminum radiator comprises the following steps of (1) salt bath dip welding: the oxide layer on the surface of the molten salt is removed, so that the molten solder metal can flow and be wetted, but the residual bath salt has strong corrosivity to aluminum, the removal process is complex, and the residual hidden danger exists; (2) the vacuum brazing technology comprises the following steps: under the vacuum condition, the soldered solid-state metal gaps are filled with high-temperature liquid solder under the action of capillary force, magnesium is added into the solder, the cost is cheaper, the process is cleaner, no waste is generated in the soldering process, and the phenomena of oxidation, increment, decarburization, deterioration and the like can not occur, but because magnesium is condensed in the wall of a vacuum furnace, the furnace needs to be stopped for cleaning, the existing vacuum soldering curve is shown as an attached drawing 1, and the production efficiency is lower; (3) CAB gas shielded welding: the master batch aluminum material is wetted by the gas protection brazing filler metal for welding, the oxidation of the welding position is protected, the production efficiency is higher than that of vacuum brazing, but the cost is higher, and the strength and the cleanliness are not as good as those of the vacuum brazing due to the uneven gas protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a vacuum brazing process for an aluminum radiator, which has the advantages that the grain growth and the brazing filler metal flowing of the part to be brazed of the aluminum radiator are appropriate due to rapid gradient temperature rise, the welding size uniformity and the welding strength are ensured, the vacuum brazing efficiency is obviously improved, and the production period is shortened.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a vacuum brazing process for an aluminum radiator comprises the following process steps:
(1) surface treating the aluminum radiator part to remove surface grease, organic matter or oxide film, and assembling the brazing filler metal on the aluminum radiator partPutting the brazing part into a vacuum brazing furnace, closing the furnace door and vacuumizing to ensure that the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-2Pa；
(2) The vacuum brazing furnace is heated in a gradient continuous curve for vacuum brazing, the temperature of the vacuum brazing furnace is lower than the highest set temperature when being heated, the vacuum brazing furnace gives an alarm when exceeding the highest set temperature, the temperature of the vacuum brazing furnace is heated for 60min in the first stage, and then the vacuum brazing furnace is kept at constant temperature until the temperature of aluminum radiator parts is more than or equal to 399 ℃;
(3) heating the vacuum brazing furnace for 30min in the second stage, and then keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 566 ℃;
(4) in the third stage of the vacuum brazing furnace, the temperature is raised for 20min, then the constant temperature is kept until the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 592 ℃, and then the heating, cooling and temperature reduction are stopped;
(5) and (5) opening the furnace door after the vacuum brazing is finished, taking out the brazed aluminum radiator and carrying out inspection.
Further, the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace in the step (2) is higher than 10-1And Pa, uniformly heating the vacuum brazing furnace to 515-525 ℃ within 30min, cooling the vacuum brazing furnace to 420-440 ℃ within 60min, and then keeping the temperature at constant temperature for less than or equal to 60 min.
Further, the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace in the step (3) is higher than 10-1Pa is less than 10-2Pa, uniformly heating the vacuum brazing furnace to 570-580 ℃ for 30min, and then keeping the temperature at constant temperature for less than or equal to 60 min.
Further, the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace in the step (4) is higher than 10-2Pa, uniformly heating to 610-615 ℃ for 20min in a vacuum brazing furnace, then keeping the temperature at a constant temperature for less than or equal to 60min, cooling for less than or equal to 70min, and stopping the cooling at 560-580 ℃.
Further, cooling circulating water is adopted for cooling the vacuum brazing furnace, the working water pressure of the cooling circulating water is more than or equal to 0.15MPa, light warning is adopted when the working water pressure exceeds the working water pressure, acousto-optic alarm is delayed for less than 10s, and the heating and vacuum operation of the vacuum brazing furnace are stopped after the acousto-optic alarm.
Further, when the air pressure of the vacuum brazing furnace is insufficient, light warning is adopted, sound and light alarm is delayed for less than 10s, and the temperature rise and the vacuum operation of the vacuum brazing furnace are stopped after the sound and light alarm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention controls the continuous curve of the temperature rise gradient, the vacuum degree, the water pressure and the gas rolling delay of the vacuum brazing furnace to alarm, quickly raises the temperature to ensure that the crystal grains at the position to be brazed of the aluminum radiator part grow properly, the brazing filler metal is fully diffused to the position to be brazed to form a firm structure, the crystal at the position to be brazed is proper, the brazing filler metal is in an optimal flowing state, the phenomena of insufficient welding, intergranular corrosion, a brittle compound layer and intergranular infiltration are avoided, the brittle phase and low-melting point eutectic in a brazing seam are eliminated, the welding size is ensured to be uniform and the welding strength is ensured, the vacuum brazing efficiency is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of a vacuum brazing process for an aluminum radiator in the prior art.
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of the vacuum brazing process of the aluminum radiator of the present invention compared to the prior art.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
A vacuum brazing process for an aluminum radiator comprises the following process steps:
(1) carrying out surface treatment on the aluminum radiator part to remove grease, organic matters or oxidation films on the surface;
assembling brazing filler metal at the position to be brazed of aluminum radiator parts, putting the aluminum radiator parts into a vacuum brazing furnace, closing a furnace door, vacuumizing, and sequentially opening a vacuum pump, a roots pump and a diffusion pump to ensure that the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-2Pa；
(2) The vacuum brazing furnace is heated in a gradient continuous curve, so that the high-temperature liquid brazing filler metal is filled in the part to be brazed of the aluminum radiator part under the action of capillary force, vacuum brazing is carried out, the temperature of the vacuum brazing furnace is lower than the highest set temperature when being heated, and an alarm is given when the temperature of the vacuum brazing furnace exceeds the highest set temperature;
when the air pressure of the vacuum brazing furnace is insufficient, light warning is adopted, acousto-optic alarm is delayed for less than 10s, and the temperature rise and the vacuum operation of the vacuum brazing furnace are stopped after the acousto-optic alarm;
heating the vacuum brazing furnace for 60min in the first stage, and then keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 399 ℃;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-1Pa, uniformly heating the vacuum brazing furnace to 520 ℃ within 30min, cooling to 430 ℃ within 60min, and then keeping the temperature for 60 min;
(3) heating the vacuum brazing furnace for 30min in the second stage, and then keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 566 ℃;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-1Pa is less than 10-2Pa, uniformly heating the vacuum brazing furnace to 575 ℃ for 30min, and then keeping the temperature for 60min at constant temperature;
(4) heating the vacuum brazing furnace for 20min in the third stage, keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the temperature of aluminum radiator parts is more than or equal to 592 ℃, then stopping heating, cooling and cooling, wherein cooling circulating water is adopted for cooling the vacuum brazing furnace, the working water pressure of the cooling circulating water is more than or equal to 0.15MPa, light warning is adopted when the working water pressure exceeds the working water pressure, delayed acousto-optic alarm is carried out for less than 10s, and heating and vacuum operation of the vacuum brazing furnace are stopped after acousto-optic alarm;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-2Pa, uniformly heating to 612 ℃ for 20min in a vacuum brazing furnace, then keeping the temperature for 60min at constant temperature, and cooling for 70min, wherein the termination temperature of cooling is 592 ℃;
(5) and after the vacuum brazing is finished, opening the furnace door, taking out the brazed aluminum radiator and inspecting, and connecting and assembling the aluminum radiator with the end socket and the support leg bolt to obtain a finished product of the aluminum radiator.
The mechanism of the invention is as follows:
(1) the aluminum radiator part comprises a seal, a radiator core cover plate, an aluminum strip which is straightened and sheared and an aluminum strip which is punched into fins, the aluminum radiator part is subjected to surface treatment and ultrasonic-assisted mechanical cleaning and chemical cleaning to remove grease, organic matters or oxide films on the surface, the influence on the wetting uniformity of the brazing filler metal on a part to be brazed is avoided, the joint strength is not influenced, the brazing filler metal can be a Ni-Cr-B-Si brazing filler metal added with magnesium, and the aluminum radiator is made of aluminum materials or aluminum composite plates;
(2) the vacuum brazing furnace adopts thermal radiation heating and adopts a PID system to control temperature rise, the highest set temperature is set, for example, the highest set temperature can be set to be 800 ℃, when the temperature in the vacuum brazing furnace is detected to exceed 800 ℃, overtemperature alarm is carried out, the highest temperature of equipment is avoided being exceeded, the normal work of a system is protected, and the situation that the melted brazing filler metal is different to cause the porosity of a welding line is avoided;
(3) the water pressure and air pressure in the brazing process adopt warning and less than 10s time delay acousto-optic alarm, after the acousto-optic alarm, the temperature rise and the vacuum operation of the vacuum brazing furnace are stopped to be used as a safety protection system, so that faults are eliminated and the alarm is relieved to ensure safe production, when the water pressure and air pressure alarm is instantly generated and is instantly relieved due to disturbance, or the water pressure and the air pressure are reduced due to too large load of used equipment, and then when the water pressure and the air pressure are automatically recovered, an indicator lamp for indicating the 'water pressure alarm' or the 'air pressure alarm' is on, the acousto-optic alarm does not occur, the safety protection system does not act, and the action of the safety protection system and the unnecessary loss caused by the wrong alarm caused by the interference of the acquired signals are prevented;
(4) as shown in the attached figure 2, the temperature rise gradient continuous curve and the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace are controlled, so that the temperature of an aluminum radiator part is quickly raised to be higher than or equal to 399 ℃ in the first temperature rise stage at a constant speed for 30min to 515-525 ℃, then is reduced to be 420-440 ℃ in 60min, and is kept at a constant temperature for 60min, so that the crystal grains of the aluminum radiator part are prevented from being too large due to slow temperature rise, the brazing filler metal components are volatilized to generate harmful corrosion, the time for stabilizing the temperature is shortened, the temperature of the part to be brazed is enabled to be uniform, the poor brazing thermal conductivity is avoided, and the influence on the welding strength quality caused by the longer;
(5) in the second temperature rise stage, the vacuum brazing furnace is used for raising the temperature to 570-580 ℃ at a constant speed for 30min, and then the constant temperature is maintained for 60min, so that the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 566 ℃, the temperature gradient inside and outside the heat exchanger part is reduced, the phenomenon that the brazing filler metal flows to a high-temperature part on the surface to cause loss, induced deformation, dislocation and internal stress generation of the brazing filler metal, material cracks caused by the fact that the brazing filler metal cannot be well filled at a joint can be avoided, the thermal stress is reduced, and the;
(6) in the third temperature rise stage, the vacuum brazing furnace is heated to 610-615 ℃ at a constant speed for 20min, then the constant temperature is kept for less than or equal to 60min, so that the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 592 ℃, the brazing filler metal is fully diffused to the part to be brazed to form a firm structure, the crystal of the part to be brazed is moderate, the brazing filler metal is in an optimal flowing state, the part to be brazed can be easily filled under the capillary action and an alloying action is carried out to form a solid solution, the phenomena of insufficient welding, intergranular corrosion, a brittle compound layer and intergranular infiltration are avoided, a brittle phase and low-melting point eutectic in a brazing seam are eliminated, and the;
(7) cooling by adopting cooling circulating water for less than or equal to 70min, wherein the termination temperature of cooling is 560-580 ℃, so that the cooling speed is proper, the dendrite segregation is reduced, the size of aluminum welding crystal grains of the radiator part is proper, the alloy structure in the brazing filler metal is refined, the strength of a welding joint is better, the cracking caused by thermal stress is avoided, and the strength of the welding joint is close to that of the aluminum radiator metal material;
(8) the initial vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-2Pa, the vacuum degree of the first temperature rise stage of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-1Pa, the vacuum degree of the second stage is higher than 10-1Pa is less than 10-2Pa, third stage vacuum degree higher than 10-2Pa, controlling the vacuum degree, avoiding influencing the decomposition and volatilization of alloy elements in the brazing filler metal and the wetting and flowing of the metal surface of the aluminum radiator part, ensuring that the precipitated gas is fully extracted, ensuring the vacuum brazing process and obtaining a bright joint;
(9) the aluminum radiator is subjected to welding performance detection according to GB 11363-: 1. the welding seam is qualified; 2. the air tightness test is qualified; 3. the argon arc welding seam is qualified; 4. and (3) the blasting test is qualified: when the pressure is 95Bar, the composite plate is broken due to deformation and cracking of the oil duct of the radiator, and the composite plate is unqualified when the pressure is below 80 Bar; 5. the pulse test is qualified after more than 30 ten thousand times.
In summary, it can be seen that the present invention controls the temperature gradient continuous curve, the vacuum degree, the water pressure and the gas rolling delay alarm of the vacuum brazing furnace, the rapid temperature rise makes the crystal grain growth of the part to be brazed of the aluminum radiator proper, the brazing filler metal fully diffuses to the part to be brazed to form a firm structure, the crystal of the part to be brazed is proper, the brazing filler metal is in an optimal flowing state, the phenomena of insufficient solder, intergranular corrosion, brittle compound layer and intergranular infiltration are avoided, the brittle phase and low-melting eutectic in the brazing seam are eliminated, the welding size uniformity and strength are ensured, the vacuum brazing efficiency is obviously improved, the production cycle is shortened, see the attached figure 2, and the production time of the welding curve adopting the present invention is shortened by.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The vacuum brazing process for the aluminum radiator is characterized by comprising the following process steps of:
(1) assembling brazing filler metal at a position to be brazed of an aluminum radiator part, putting the brazing filler metal into a vacuum brazing furnace, closing a furnace door and vacuumizing;
(2) the vacuum brazing furnace is heated up in a gradient continuous curve for vacuum brazing, the temperature is raised for 60min in the first stage, and then the temperature is kept at constant temperature until the temperature of aluminum radiator parts is more than or equal to 399 ℃;
(3) heating the vacuum brazing furnace for 30min in the second stage, and then keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 566 ℃;
(4) in the third stage of the vacuum brazing furnace, the temperature is raised for 20min, then the constant temperature is kept until the temperature of the aluminum radiator part is more than or equal to 592 ℃, and then the heating, cooling and temperature reduction are stopped;
(5) and (5) opening the furnace door after the vacuum brazing is finished, taking out the brazed aluminum radiator and carrying out inspection.
2. The vacuum brazing process for the aluminum radiator as recited in claim 1, wherein the aluminum radiator part is subjected to surface treatment to remove grease, organic matter or an oxide film on the surface before being put into the vacuum furnace.
3. The vacuum brazing process for aluminum radiators according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum pump, the roots pump and the diffusion pump are sequentially turned on during the vacuum pumping in the step (1), so that the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace is higher than 10-2Pa。
4. The vacuum brazing process for aluminum heat sinks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace in the step (2) is higher than 10-1And Pa, uniformly heating the vacuum brazing furnace to 515-525 ℃ within 30min, cooling the vacuum brazing furnace to 420-440 ℃ within 60min, and then keeping the temperature at constant temperature for less than or equal to 60 min.
5. The vacuum brazing process for aluminum heat sinks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace in the step (3) is higher than 10-1Pa is less than 10-2Pa, uniformly heating the vacuum brazing furnace to 570-580 ℃ for 30min, and then keeping the temperature at constant temperature for less than or equal to 60 min.
6. The vacuum brazing process for aluminum heat sinks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace in the step (4) is higher than 10-2Pa, uniformly heating to 610-615 ℃ for 20min in a vacuum brazing furnace, then keeping the temperature at a constant temperature for less than or equal to 60min, cooling for less than or equal to 70min, and stopping the cooling at 560-580 ℃.
7. The vacuum brazing process for the aluminum radiator as recited in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the vacuum brazing furnace is lower than a maximum set temperature, and the vacuum brazing furnace alarms when the temperature of the vacuum brazing furnace exceeds the maximum set temperature.
8. The vacuum brazing process for the aluminum radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein cooling circulating water is adopted for cooling the vacuum brazing furnace, the working water pressure of the cooling circulating water is more than or equal to 0.15MPa, a light alarm is adopted when the working water pressure exceeds the working water pressure, a delayed acousto-optic alarm is performed for less than 10s, and the heating and the vacuum operation of the vacuum brazing furnace are stopped after the acousto-optic alarm.
9. The vacuum brazing process for the aluminum radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a light alarm is adopted when the air pressure of the vacuum brazing furnace is insufficient, a sound and light alarm is delayed for less than 10 seconds, and the temperature rise and the vacuum operation of the vacuum brazing furnace are stopped after the sound and light alarm.
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| CN112222789A (en) * | 2020-08-23 | 2021-01-15 | 蚌埠市神舟机械有限公司 | Manufacturing process of marine radiator |
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| CN112388144A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Precise diffusion welding method for millimeter wave waveguide antenna |
| CN113042879A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-29 | 杭州沈氏节能科技股份有限公司 | Silicon carbide diffusion welding method and silicon carbide heat exchanger |
| CN113042879B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-05-03 | 杭州沈氏节能科技股份有限公司 | Silicon carbide diffusion welding method and silicon carbide heat exchanger |
| CN113523469A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-10-22 | 芜湖市零一精密工具制造有限公司 | Vacuum welding process for machining cutter |
| CN114147307A (en) * | 2021-11-14 | 2022-03-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | Vacuum brazing process for ATR cabinet |
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| CN114248069A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-29 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Welding process for one-step brazing molding of parts with different heat capacities |
| CN114353556A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-15 | 无锡市张华医药设备有限公司 | Large-scale strip-wound spiral micro-channel heat exchanger and brazing process thereof |
| CN114353556B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-03-01 | 无锡市张华医药设备有限公司 | Large-scale belt-wound spiral micro-channel heat exchanger and brazing process thereof |
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