CN111036820A - Press-in type free forging forming method - Google Patents
Press-in type free forging forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111036820A CN111036820A CN201911357437.XA CN201911357437A CN111036820A CN 111036820 A CN111036820 A CN 111036820A CN 201911357437 A CN201911357437 A CN 201911357437A CN 111036820 A CN111036820 A CN 111036820A
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- punch
- forging
- press
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forming method of press-in free forging, which aims to solve the problem of the existing high-strength alloy free forging. The method comprises the following specific steps: calculating the deformation process of the forge piece, selecting a punch and preheating the punch; forging the forged piece with the size of the allowance obtained by subtracting the press-in punch according to the pre-calculated deformation process and the size requirement of the forged piece; step three, judging and positioning the pressing position of a punch in the forge piece, and pressing the punch in; and step four, shaping the forge piece until the forge piece is finished, wherein the punch pressed in the shaping process is subjected to compressive stress and can be gradually discharged out of the forge piece. The invention is easy to master, has strong operability, does not need punching, reduces the blanking weight of the high-strength alloy forging by using the tool, greatly improves the material utilization rate and the forging yield, simultaneously can ensure the comprehensive performance of the forging and reduces the use cost of the high-strength alloy product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-strength alloy free forging, in particular to a forming method of press-in type free forging.
Background
The titanium alloy has the excellent performances of small specific gravity, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and is currently applied in the military field of aerospace and the like on a large scale. In the field of aviation, the dosage of the third generation (B-747, A-300) titanium alloy of Boeing company accounts for more than 9 percent; the consumption of the titanium alloy structural part threo-27 in the third generation fighter plane is 15 percent, and the consumption of the titanium alloy structural part in the fourth generation fighter plane F-22 accounts for 41 percent of the total structure of the main body. At present, TC4-DT titanium alloy structural parts are mostly obtained by forging and then machining. Titanium alloy and superalloy are difficult to realize forge piece punching, other defects such as tensile fracture and the like caused by severe deformation can occur to the surrounding tissues of the forge piece after the forge piece is punched, and the utilization rate of the forge piece is high without punching.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a press-in type free forging method to solve the above problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a press-in type free forging forming method comprises the following specific steps:
calculating the deformation process of the forge piece, selecting a punch and preheating the punch;
forging the forging with the size of the allowance obtained by subtracting the pressing punch according to the pre-calculated deformation process and the size requirement of the forging, so as to obtain the basic shape of the forging;
judging and positioning the pressing position of a punch in the forge piece, pressing the punch in, wherein the pressing process is required to be stable and slow, and the temperature rise of the forge piece caused by severe deformation is avoided;
and step four, shaping the forge piece until the forge piece is finished, wherein the punch pressed in the shaping process is subjected to compressive stress and can be gradually discharged out of the forge piece.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: and in the first step, different punches are selected according to the shape and the use requirement of the forging.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: in the first step, the punch is required to be tapered.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: and in the third step, the pressing position of the punch in the forge piece is manually judged.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: and in the second step, the forging is fixed on the lower anvil block.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: the temperature for preheating the punch in the first step is 380-420 ℃.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: in the first step, the preheating mode of the punch is electric furnace preheating and heat preservation.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has reasonable design, easy mastering and strong operability, does not need punching, reduces the blanking weight of the high-strength alloy forging by using the tool, greatly improves the material utilization rate and the forging yield, simultaneously can ensure the comprehensive performance of the forging and reduces the use cost of the high-strength alloy product.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a press-in type free forging forming method.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A press-in type free forging forming method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, calculating the deformation process of the forging, selecting a punch, wherein the punch is required to be subjected to taper drawing, and preheating the punch, wherein the preheating temperature of the punch is 380 ℃;
forging the forging with the size of the allowance obtained by subtracting the pressing punch according to the pre-calculated deformation process and the size requirement of the forging, so as to obtain the basic shape of the forging;
judging and positioning the pressing position of a punch in the forge piece, pressing the punch in, wherein the pressing process is required to be stable and slow, and the temperature rise of the forge piece caused by severe deformation is avoided;
and step four, shaping the forge piece until the forge piece is finished, wherein the punch pressed in the shaping process is subjected to compressive stress and can be gradually discharged out of the forge piece.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: and in the first step, different punches are selected according to the shape and the use requirement of the forging.
Example 2
365Kg of weight of the punch is not pressed in, 330Kg of weight of the forging pressed in the punch, and about 10% of material is saved. The production process of the press-in punch will be described below.
1. Selecting a punch: selecting a punch with the diameter of 160 multiplied by 200, wherein the punch material is H13 (the material is 4Cr5MoSiV1 which is common hot die steel), the preheating temperature of the punch is 400 ℃ (the preheating mode of the punch is a preheating mode of an electric furnace preheating furnace, and the temperature is kept for 60 minutes.)
2. Designing the shape of the forging pressing punch: according to the punch pressing amount, the allowance of 5mm is reduced in the length direction and the width direction of the forge piece respectively, the allowance of 5mm is the amount of outward expansion of metal after the punch is pressed in, and the thickness dimension of the forge piece is consistent with that of a finished forge piece.
3. Pressing in a punch: placing the punch at a selected position by a manual bench worker, wherein the requirement on the placing time cannot be overlong, then applying pressure to the punch by equipment to press the punch into the forge piece, wherein the pressing amount of the punch is 2/3 of the thickness of the forge piece, and the pressing speed is selected to be 3 mm/s.
4. Micro-shaping of the forged piece: after the punch is pressed in, the metal of the pressing part of the forging piece flows outwards and produces bulging degree at the edge, the forging piece is erected, the bulging degree position is slightly pressed, and the punch is outwards discharged along the taper direction of the drawing die due to the fact that the punch is subjected to the force in the pressing direction. The forging process only comprises the steps of micro-shaping a forge piece and taking out a punch, and the forging pressing amount is selected to be less than or equal to 5 mm.
5. Cooling the punch for later use: because the punch is pressed into the high-temperature forging, continuous production cannot be realized, the strength of the punch is reduced due to the temperature rise in the continuous production, and the punch deforms when pressed again. In this case 5 punches were kept in reserve.
The detection requirement of the forge piece is that one piece is extracted from each batch to detect the mechanical property, the forge piece product of the batch is qualified and delivered to manufacturers for use, and compared with the prior method, the method saves 10 percent of raw materials and can directly reduce the blanking weight of the forge piece. The punch can be repeatedly used for many times, and the use cost is low. The die forging can also greatly improve the yield of the forged piece product, but a large amount of die cost needs to be invested. And the tonnage of the required forging equipment is larger, about 2 ten thousand tons of friction press is required for producing the die forging piece of the embodiment 2, and the use limit is larger.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A press-in type free forging forming method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
calculating the deformation process of the forge piece, selecting a punch and preheating the punch;
forging the forging with the size of the allowance obtained by subtracting the pressing punch according to the pre-calculated deformation process and the size requirement of the forging, so as to obtain the basic shape of the forging;
judging and positioning the pressing position of the punch in the forge piece, and stably and slowly pressing the punch in;
and step four, shaping the forge piece until the forging is finished.
2. The press-in free forging forming method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, different punches are selected according to the shape and use requirements of the forging.
3. The press-in free forging forming method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the punch is further tapered in the first step.
4. The press-in type free forging forming method according to claim 1, wherein the pressing-down position of the punch in the forging is manually judged in the third step.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step two the forging is secured to a lower anvil.
6. The press-in type free forging forming method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature for preheating the punch in the first step is 380-420 ℃.
7. The press-in type free forging forming method according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the preheating mode of the punch in the first step is electric furnace preheating and heat preservation.
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