CN105921672A - Isothermal forging method of straight bevel gear - Google Patents
Isothermal forging method of straight bevel gear Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105921672A CN105921672A CN201610327787.1A CN201610327787A CN105921672A CN 105921672 A CN105921672 A CN 105921672A CN 201610327787 A CN201610327787 A CN 201610327787A CN 105921672 A CN105921672 A CN 105921672A
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- blank
- bevel gear
- forging
- straight bevel
- mould
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/025—Closed die forging
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an isothermal forging method of a straight bevel gear. A blank and a mold are heated to roughly consistent temperatures respectively, then the blank is placed into the mold and is subjected to forging molding in the mold at the relatively low strain rate, and the straight bevel gear is obtained through aftertreatment, wherein the relatively low strain rate is lower than 0.1 mm/s, and the mold adopts a closed mold forging structure. According to the method, firstly, the blank and the mold are heated to the equal temperature or basically equal temperatures, so that the chilling effect produced when the temperature of the mold is lower than that of the blank is avoided, and the plastic flow of the blank is improved; secondly, the mold adopts the closed mold forging structure, the blank bears three-dimensional compressive stress in the forging process, and thus molding of the blank is facilitated; thirdly, the strain rate is lower than 0.1 mm/s, accordingly, the deformation amount of the blank in unit time is small, deformation is sufficient, and molding of the blank is more facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal forming field, the method being specifically related to the isothermal forging of a kind of straight bevel gear.
Background technology
Bevel gear is the abbreviation of conical gear, and it is used for the transmission realizing between two concurrent aceses, and two crossed axis angle S are referred to as shaft angle,
Its value can according to transmission it needs to be determined that, much more general use 90 °.The gear teeth of bevel gear are arranged on truncated cone body, and the gear teeth are by gear
Hold greatly to small end to gradually taper up and diminish.Due to this feature, corresponding to each relevant " cylinder " in roller gear at cone tooth
Wheel reforms into " cylinder ", such as pitch cone, pitch cone, base cone, addendum cone etc..The gear teeth of bevel gear have straight-tooth, helical teeth
With forms such as curve teeth.
The traditional processing method of straight bevel gear is machining, mainly has gear-shaping (to be suitable for small lot, multi items straight-tooth cone tooth
Processing and the conversion product of wheel are easy) and mill teeth (efficiency is higher but adjusts lathe difficulty), but these traditional processing sides
There is a lot of shortcomings in method: the mechanical properties such as the bending strength of gear, contact fatigue strength reduce；The utilization rate of material is relative
Relatively low；The efficiency of gear batch production is low etc..
Along with the development of plastic forming technology, traditional gear forming method is the most little by little by precisions such as cold forging, warm forging, forge hots
Forming technology is replaced.Although gear precision forging technology was through the development comparative maturity of more than 60 years, but the profile of tooth of yet suffering from
Fill the problems such as the fullest, the accuracy of gear is low, plastic force is high.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the defect of prior art, the method that the invention provides the isothermal forging of a kind of straight bevel gear, tooth can be realized
Face is without secondary operations, and element precision is high, shaping load is little.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that
The method of the isothermal forging of a kind of straight bevel gear, is heated to temperature by blank and mould unanimous on the whole respectively, then by base
Material is put in mould, then with less strain rate by blank excellent suitability for press forming in a mold, obtains straight-tooth cone through post processing
Gear；Wherein, described less strain rate is less than 0.1mm/s, and described mould uses closed die forging structure.
First the temperature of blank and mould be heated to equal or of substantially equal by the present invention, it is to avoid the Quench of blank is made by mould
With, improve the Plastic Flow of blank；Secondly, mould uses closed die forging structure, and in forging process, blank bears three-dimensional
The shaping of compressive stress, beneficially blank；Again, the application uses the strain rate less than 0.1mm/s to make the blank unit interval
Deflection is little, and deformation fully, is more beneficial for blank and shapes.
Preferably, the steps include:
(1) blank and the preparation of mould: bar steel carry out blanking and carries out preliminary treatment and obtain blank, the most respectively will
It is unanimous on the whole that blank and mould are heated to temperature, then blank is put into even heat adjustment mould temperature in mould；
(2) isothermal forging: be about to blank jumping-up under tooth die, after back cone mould and tooth die are closed, by upper punch and undershoot
Mold cavity is filled up to concurrently form by head opposing compression blank has certain thickness punching recess, and shaping terminates, after the demoulding i.e.
Obtain forging；
(3) forging is carried out post processing and obtain straight bevel gear.
It is further preferred that the heating process of blank is first blank to be preheating to 80-120 DEG C in described step (1), spray
It is coated with commercial colloidal graphite mixed with water, then proceedes to be heated to forging temperature.Preheating is in order to avoid blank directly heats too high
Crack during temperature, contribute to lubricant even application at blank outer surface after being preheating to certain temperature simultaneously.
It is further preferred that the post processing of described step (3) includes that punching, the step of described punching are to be put by the forging of acquisition
Entering in perforating die, utilize remaining temperature to go out blind hole with tooth shape locating, then air cooling is to room temperature.Compared with conventional hot piercing, should
Step utilizes the remaining temperature of isothermal forging to be punched out, and decreases the heating before hot piercing；Compared with conventional cold punching hole, this step
Rapid plastic force is relatively low, and punching difficulty is less.
It is further preferred that the post processing of described step (3) includes removing surface, described removing surface uses ball blast or spray
Sand removes surface scale.In the case of working condition is preferable, selects bead to be possible not only to scale removal, also may be used
To eliminate the residual stress of part, reduce part deformation after heat treatment, improve that piece surface is wear-resisting and compression capability.And sandblasting
Process can be with manual operation, the simple shot-blast apparatus that need not automatization, it is possible to preferably scale removal.
It is further preferred that the post processing of described step (3) includes machining, described machining includes centre bore processing and the back of the body
Conisphere face processes, and the flank of tooth is without secondary operations.This step, compared with other techniques, decreases the processing to tooth surfaces of bevel gears,
Therefore improve the utilization rate of material and the production efficiency of part.
It is further preferred that the post processing of described step (3) includes that heat treatment, described heat treatment include carburizing, quench and return
Fire.Bevel gear can be made after Overheating Treatment to reach hardness HRC59-63, the carburizing and quenching degree of depth 09 ± 0.1.
Further preferred, described carburizing need to carry out zone heating to stove, the kerosene of each heating period and dripping of methanol
Enter amount the most different；
Described quenching mode uses the oil quenching of 20-40 DEG C；
Described tempering step, for furnace temperature is risen to 180 DEG C, after being incubated 2 hours, naturally cools to room temperature.Cone tooth after heat treatment
Wheel has higher case hardness, impact flexibility and heart portion intensity.
It is further preferred that the post processing of described step (3) includes punching, removing surface, machining and heat treatment successively.
Use the better quality of the straight bevel gear that the post-processing step under this order forges.
Preferably, the heater of described mould is the hollow ceramic cylinder being wound with resistance wire in two walls, tooth die and back cone mould
It is separately fixed in two hollow ceramic cylinders.
Preferably, attemperator uses aluminosilicate fiber cotton and asbestos board.
Preferably, described mold materials is N3 alloy.This alloy is a kind of employing solution strengthening, second-phase strength and carbide
And M3B2The nickel-base cast superalloy of intercrystalline strengthening, has good elevated temperature strength, antioxidation and thermal fatigue property, it is possible to
Meet the requirement of 1100 isothermal forgings.
Preferably, the equipment used during described isothermal forging is isothermal die forging process hydraulic press.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, substantially increasing the plasticity of material, that can preferably fill die cavity holds greatly toothed section, and the forging obtained is without residual
Waste heat stress, precision are high；
2, the closed die forging structure used is more beneficial for realizing the near-net-shape of straight bevel gear, improves stock utilization, fall
Low production cost；
3, compared with traditional machining, forging remains continuous print fibrous tissue, has higher bending strength, contact
The mechanical properties such as fatigue strength.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for the isothermal forging of straight bevel gear of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is isothermal forging closed die forging structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of heater；
Wherein, 1. tooth die, 2. back cone mould, 3. upper punch, 4. blank, 5. low punch, 6. resistance wire, 7. hollow ceramic cylinder.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
As it is shown in figure 1, the method for the isothermal forging of straight bevel gear of the present invention includes following step:
The first step: the calculation material of blank and blanking.According to bevel gear forging drawing, in conjunction with constancy of volume Theoretical Calculation billet size.
Using cutter that bar steel are carried out blanking, then take out billet surface oxide skin, turning outer surface, chamfering obtain required
Blank shape and size.
Second step: mould heating and the heating of blank and lubrication.The heater of mould uses resistance wire ceramic heat circle,
As it is shown on figure 3, be the hollow ceramic cylinder 7 being wound with resistance wire 6 in two walls.The heating means of blank select intermediate frequency furnace to carry out
Sensing heating.First blank is preheating to 80-120 DEG C, the commercial colloidal graphite mixed with water of spraying, then proceed to be heated to forging temperature
Degree.Putting into after blank heating in mold heat, soaking 5-15min adjusts mould temperature.
3rd step: isothermal forging forming process.Mould uses closed die forging structure, as in figure 2 it is shown, tooth die 1 is with 0.05mm/s
Speed under be about to blank 4 jumping-up, after back cone mould 2 and tooth die 1 are closed, by upper punch 3 with low punch 5 with identical 0.05
Mold cavity is filled up to concurrently form by the speed opposing compression blank of mm/s has certain thickness punching recess, shapes after terminating,
The demoulding.The speed that strain rate is the downstream rate of tooth die 1 and upper punch 3 and blank is extruded by low punch 5.
4th step: punching.The bevel gear that a upper operation obtains is put in perforating die, utilizes the remaining temperature of a upper operation with profile of tooth
Blind hole is gone out in location, and then air cooling is to room temperature.
5th step: removing surface.Secondary shot-peening or sandblasting is used to remove surface scale.
6th step: machining.Processing including centre bore processing and back cone sphere, the flank of tooth is without secondary operations.During machining equal
With tooth shape locating, the mode that is held in position is consistent in order to avoid the deviation accumulation occurring positioning datum different and causing is excessive.
7th step: heat treatment.This stage includes carburizing, quenches and be tempered.Carbon impregnation stage need to carry out zone heating to stove,
The kerosene of each heating period and the infusion volume of methanol are different；Quenching mode uses the oil quenching of 20-40 DEG C；Tempering stage
Furnace temperature is risen to 180 DEG C, after being incubated 2 hours, naturally cools to room temperature.
Carbon impregnation stage described in 7th step, concrete bringing-up section and the infusion volume of raw material be: 1) workpiece enters furnace rear continuous heating
When making furnace temperature to 850 DEG C, instillation kerosene, about 50/per minute, and light discharged waste gas；2) continue to heat to
930 DEG C, it is ensured that kerosene infusion volume 100-110 drips/and per minute, methanol infusion volume 30/per minute；3) after furnace temperature reaches 930 DEG C,
It is incubated 8 hours, often checks the instillation dosage of kerosene and methanol, and observe inlet hole and steam vent is the most clear and the most coherent.The present embodiment
Equipment needed thereby is isothermal die forging process hydraulic press, and die needed material is N3 nickel-base cast superalloy.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is same as in Example 1, and difference is, in the isothermal forging forming process of the 3rd step, tooth die 1 with
Blank 4 jumping-up it is about to, after back cone mould 2 and tooth die 1 are closed, by upper punch 3 and low punch 5 with phase under the speed of 0.08mm/s
Mold cavity is filled up to concurrently form by the speed opposing compression blank of same 0.08mm/s has certain thickness punching recess, becomes
Shape terminates, the demoulding.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is same as in Example 1, and difference is, in the isothermal forging forming process of the 3rd step, tooth die 1 with
Blank 4 jumping-up it is about to, after back cone mould 2 and tooth die 1 are closed, by upper punch 3 and low punch 5 with phase under the speed of 0.03mm/s
Mold cavity is filled up to concurrently form by the speed opposing compression blank of same 0.03mm/s has certain thickness punching recess, becomes
Shape terminates, the demoulding.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is same as in Example 1, and difference is, in the isothermal forging forming process of the 3rd step, tooth die 1 with
Blank 4 jumping-up it is about to, after back cone mould 2 and tooth die 1 are closed, by upper punch 3 and low punch 5 with phase under the speed of 0.01mm/s
Mold cavity is filled up to concurrently form by the speed opposing compression blank of same 0.01mm/s has certain thickness punching recess, becomes
Shape terminates, the demoulding.
Although the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described by the above-mentioned accompanying drawing that combines, but not limit to invention protection domain
System, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that, on the basis of technical scheme, those skilled in the art need not
Pay various amendments that creative work can make or deformation is the most within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a method for the isothermal forging of straight bevel gear, is characterized in that, blank and mould are heated to temperature substantially respectively
Cause, then blank is put in mould, then with less strain rate by blank excellent suitability for press forming in a mold, through post processing
Obtain straight bevel gear；Wherein, described less strain rate is less than 0.1mm/s, and described mould uses closed die forging structure.
The method of the isothermal forging of a kind of straight bevel gear the most as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the steps include:
(1) blank and the preparation of mould: bar steel carry out blanking and carries out preliminary treatment and obtain blank, the most respectively will
It is unanimous on the whole that blank and mould are heated to temperature, then blank is put into even heat adjustment film temperature in mould；
(2) isothermal forging: be about to blank jumping-up under tooth die, after back cone mould and tooth die are closed, by upper punch and undershoot
Mold cavity is filled up to concurrently form by head opposing compression blank has certain thickness punching recess, and shaping terminates, after the demoulding i.e.
Obtain forging；
(3) forging is carried out post processing and obtain straight bevel gear.
The method of the isothermal forging of a kind of straight bevel gear the most as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, in described step (1)
The heating process of blank is, first blank is preheating to 80-120 DEG C, the commercial colloidal graphite mixed with water of spraying, then proceedes to heating
To forging temperature.
The method of the isothermal forging of a kind of straight bevel gear the most as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described step (3)
Post processing includes that punching, the step of described punching are to put in perforating die by the forging of acquisition, utilizes remaining temperature to rush with tooth shape locating
Going out blind hole, then air cooling is to room temperature.
The method of the isothermal forging of a kind of straight bevel gear the most as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described step (3)
Post processing includes removing surface, and described removing surface uses secondary shot-peening or sandblasting to remove surface scale.
The method of the isothermal forging of a kind of straight bevel gear the most as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described step (3)
Post processing includes machining, and described machining includes that centre bore processing and back cone sphere are processed, and the flank of tooth is without secondary operations.
The method of the isothermal forging of a kind of straight bevel gear the most as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described step (3)
Post processing includes that heat treatment, described heat treatment include carburizing, quench and be tempered.
The method of the isothermal forging of a kind of straight bevel gear the most as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described carburizing need to be to stove
It is different that son carries out zone heating, the kerosene of each heating period and the infusion volume of methanol；
Described quenching mode uses the oil quenching of 20-40 DEG C；
Described tempering step, for furnace temperature is risen to 180 DEG C, after being incubated 2 hours, naturally cools to room temperature.
The method of the isothermal forging of a kind of straight bevel gear the most as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described step (3)
Post processing includes punching, removing surface, machining and heat treatment successively.
The method of the isothermal forging of a kind of straight bevel gear the most as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the heating of described mould
Device is the hollow ceramic cylinder being wound with resistance wire in two walls, and tooth die and back cone mould are separately fixed in two hollow ceramic cylinders.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610327787.1A CN105921672B (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2016-05-17 | A kind of method of the isothermal forging of straight bevel gear |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610327787.1A CN105921672B (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2016-05-17 | A kind of method of the isothermal forging of straight bevel gear |
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| CN105921672A true CN105921672A (en) | 2016-09-07 |
| CN105921672B CN105921672B (en) | 2017-12-05 |
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| CN201610327787.1A Expired - Fee Related CN105921672B (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2016-05-17 | A kind of method of the isothermal forging of straight bevel gear |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106391983A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-02-15 | 贵州航飞精密制造有限公司 | Machining method and die for realizing tooth molding precisely and quickly |
| CN106825345A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2017-06-13 | 上海汽车变速器有限公司 | The implementation method of the monoblock type combination gear based on enclosed warm forging |
| CN110238342A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-17 | 重庆市忠德锻压有限公司 | The forging and manufacturing process of gear |
| CN110976730A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-10 | 如皋市林达线路金具有限公司 | One-step forging forming process for inner cavity of ball socket hardware fitting |
| CN111036820A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-21 | 江西景航航空锻铸有限公司 | Press-in type free forging forming method |
| CN112355210A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-02-12 | 仪征常众汽车部件有限公司 | Forging method for automobile hub |
| CN112893722A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司 | Rapid forming method for GH4720Li high-temperature alloy forging |
| CN113084468A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-09 | 玉环森淼机械有限公司 | Forging forming method of triple gear |
| CN113547056A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-26 | 上海汽车变速器有限公司 | Forming process of automobile half-shaft bevel gear |
| CN114178458A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-03-15 | 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 | Closed die forging forming method for pressurizing driving gear forge piece |
| CN114799007A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-07-29 | 伊莱特能源装备股份有限公司 | Finish forging forming process for basin-tooth forge piece |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106391983A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-02-15 | 贵州航飞精密制造有限公司 | Machining method and die for realizing tooth molding precisely and quickly |
| CN106825345A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2017-06-13 | 上海汽车变速器有限公司 | The implementation method of the monoblock type combination gear based on enclosed warm forging |
| CN106825345B (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2019-06-28 | 上海汽车变速器有限公司 | The implementation method of monoblock type combination gear based on enclosed warm forging |
| CN110238342A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-17 | 重庆市忠德锻压有限公司 | The forging and manufacturing process of gear |
| CN111036820A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-21 | 江西景航航空锻铸有限公司 | Press-in type free forging forming method |
| CN110976730A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-10 | 如皋市林达线路金具有限公司 | One-step forging forming process for inner cavity of ball socket hardware fitting |
| CN112355210A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-02-12 | 仪征常众汽车部件有限公司 | Forging method for automobile hub |
| CN112893722A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司 | Rapid forming method for GH4720Li high-temperature alloy forging |
| CN112893722B (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2023-02-10 | 中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司 | Rapid forming method for GH4720Li high-temperature alloy forging |
| CN113084468A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-09 | 玉环森淼机械有限公司 | Forging forming method of triple gear |
| CN113547056A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-26 | 上海汽车变速器有限公司 | Forming process of automobile half-shaft bevel gear |
| CN114178458A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-03-15 | 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 | Closed die forging forming method for pressurizing driving gear forge piece |
| CN114799007A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-07-29 | 伊莱特能源装备股份有限公司 | Finish forging forming process for basin-tooth forge piece |
| CN114799007B (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2024-06-04 | 伊莱特能源装备股份有限公司 | Finish forging forming process for basin-tooth forge piece |
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|---|---|
| CN105921672B (en) | 2017-12-05 |
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