CN111031380A - Subtitle video processing method and system - Google Patents

Subtitle video processing method and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111031380A
CN111031380A CN201911328697.4A CN201911328697A CN111031380A CN 111031380 A CN111031380 A CN 111031380A CN 201911328697 A CN201911328697 A CN 201911328697A CN 111031380 A CN111031380 A CN 111031380A
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video
caption
processing
video signals
signal
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杨剑
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Vtron Group Co Ltd
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Vtron Group Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/431Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering
    • H04N21/4312Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering involving specific graphical features, e.g. screen layout, special fonts or colors, blinking icons, highlights or animations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/435Processing of additional data, e.g. decrypting of additional data, reconstructing software from modules extracted from the transport stream
    • H04N21/4355Processing of additional data, e.g. decrypting of additional data, reconstructing software from modules extracted from the transport stream involving reformatting operations of additional data, e.g. HTML pages on a television screen
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/222Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
    • H04N5/262Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
    • H04N5/278Subtitling

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of video display, in particular to a subtitle video processing method and a subtitle video processing system, which are applied to a video processor, wherein the method comprises the following steps: respectively carrying out acquisition and format conversion on the input caption video signals and other video signals to obtain format-converted caption video signals and other video signals; performing cross control on the format-converted caption video signals and other video signals to switch to corresponding signal processing positions; respectively carrying out signal processing on the caption video signal and other video signals after format conversion at corresponding signal processing positions, and carrying out video superposition on the caption video signal and other video signals after the signal processing to form a video signal with captions; and outputting the video signal with the subtitles. By adopting the method of the invention, the subtitle display function and the video processor are combined, the processor function is increased, the system complexity is reduced, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Subtitle video processing method and system
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of video display technologies, and in particular, to a method and a system for processing a subtitle video.
Background
Nowadays, with the development of society and scientific technology, a caption display technology has been widely applied to electronic products, and the caption display displays voice content or other content in a video in a caption manner to help a user understand video content information. And only through the combination of subtitle characters, audio and the like, the user can more clearly know the video content information.
And the video processor is used for converting the external image signal into a signal acceptable by the display screen. In various environments where video display is required to be used in consumer electronics, municipal administration, traffic, electric power, military industry and the like, signals required to be processed are increasingly large in scale, and functions and quality are increasingly high, so that higher requirements are put on diversified functions of a video processor.
The present invention relates to a video processor without a subtitle video signal processing function, and more particularly to a large screen display system, which relates to a plurality of display units for displaying subtitles, wherein the subtitle display function of each display unit is especially deficient, and a new device needs to be added to display subtitles if the function is needed, so that a video processor needs to be invented, and the subtitle display function of the video processor can be realized without adding a new device by combining the subtitle display function and the processor.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming at least one of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and providing a method and system for processing a subtitle video, which combines a subtitle display function with a video processor, increases a processor function, reduces system complexity, and reduces costs.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that,
a subtitle video processing method is applied to a video processor and comprises the following steps:
respectively carrying out acquisition and format conversion on the input caption video signals and other video signals to obtain format-converted caption video signals and other video signals;
performing cross control on the format-converted caption video signals and other video signals to switch to corresponding signal processing positions;
respectively carrying out signal processing on the caption video signal and other video signals after format conversion at corresponding signal processing positions, and carrying out video superposition on the caption video signal and other video signals after the signal processing to form a video signal with captions;
and outputting the video signal with the subtitles.
The caption video processing method can integrate the caption display function in a video processor, and input the caption video signal and other video signals into a signal processing position corresponding to a display unit needing to display the caption and other video signals by utilizing cross control through collecting and converting the input caption video signal and other video signals into a specific format, so that the signal processing and the superposition of the caption and other video signals are completed, the video signal with the caption is obtained, and finally the output display is carried out. The method combines the signal processing process of other video signals with the caption processing and displaying process of caption video signals, simplifies the processing process and the complexity of the system, and reduces the system cost. In addition, the method of the invention can switch the caption video signal to any corresponding signal processing unit by utilizing cross control, thereby realizing the caption display function of the display unit and realizing the caption display function of a large-screen system processor.
A caption video processing system applied in a video processor comprises:
the first acquisition conversion module is used for acquiring and converting the format of an input subtitle video signal to obtain a subtitle video signal after format conversion;
the second acquisition conversion module is used for acquiring and converting formats of other input video signals to obtain other format-converted video signals;
the cross control module is used for carrying out cross control switching on the caption video signals and other video signals after format conversion and inputting the signals to the corresponding signal processing module;
the signal processing module is used for carrying out signal processing on the input format-converted caption video signals and other video signals and carrying out video superposition on the signal-processed caption video signals and other video signals to form video signals with captions;
and the output module is used for outputting the video signal with the caption.
The caption video processing system can be particularly applied to a video processor, and realizes the caption display function of a large-screen display system by integrating the acquisition conversion module, the cross control module, the signal processing module and the output module in the video processor. Specifically, a first acquisition conversion module and a second acquisition conversion module are used for respectively acquiring and converting input caption video signals and other video signals into specific formats, then a cross control module is used for inputting the caption video signals and other video signals into a signal processing module corresponding to a display unit which needs to display the captions and other video signals, the processing of the signals and the superposition of the captions and other video signals are completed, the video signals with the captions are obtained, and finally the video signals are output to the corresponding display unit through an output module to be displayed. In the mode, the signal processing process of other video signals and the subtitle processing and displaying process of subtitle video signals are combined in the video processor, so that the functions of the video processor are increased, the complexity of a system is simplified, and the cost is reduced. In addition, the system of the invention can switch the caption video signal to any corresponding signal processing module by utilizing cross control, thereby realizing the caption display function of the display unit and realizing the caption display function of a large-screen system processor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method and a system for processing a subtitle video, which combine a subtitle display function and a video processing function, increase the function of the existing video processor, realize the subtitle display function of the video processor without additionally adding new equipment, reduce the complexity of the system and reduce the cost; in addition, the invention can switch the caption video signal to any corresponding signal processing module according to the cross control, thereby realizing the caption display function of the large-screen system processor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a subtitle video processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a subtitle video processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a signal processing module in a caption video processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are only for purposes of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. For a better understanding of the following embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The large-screen display system generally includes a plurality of display units and at least one video processor, wherein a signal processing unit is configured in the video processor corresponding to each display unit to perform video signal processing, and then the processed video signals are output to the corresponding display units to be displayed; after the video signal without the caption information is input into the video processor, the video signal is input into the corresponding signal processing unit for processing a column including cutting, zooming, buffering and the like through acquisition and format conversion, and finally output and displayed on the corresponding display unit. The method and the system of the invention superimpose the subtitle processing and displaying function in the existing video processor, so that the video processor has the subtitle processing and displaying function, and finally, the display of the video with the subtitle can be carried out in the display unit of the large-screen display system.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a subtitle video processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method is applied in a video processor, and the method includes:
s101, respectively acquiring and converting formats of an input subtitle video signal and other video signals to obtain a subtitle video signal and other video signals after format conversion;
when the method of this embodiment is specifically applied to a video processor, step S101 first collects a caption video signal and other video signals, where the other video signals refer to video signals without caption information and are used to be distinguished from the caption video signal. The collected caption video signals and other video signals are parallel data, the parallel data are converted into serial data through high-speed serialization, the converted caption video signals and other video signals are obtained, and in the specific implementation process, a pair of differential lines can be adopted to transmit data streams of the parallel data converted into the serial data.
S102, performing cross control on the subtitle video signals and other video signals after format conversion to switch to corresponding signal processing positions;
in step S102, the switching processing of the large-screen display system can be performed on the subtitle video signal and other video signals converted into high-speed serial data by using the cross control technology, and the specific implementation process is as follows:
s1021, determining a plurality of corresponding signal processing positions according to a plurality of display units of the large-screen display system;
s1022, determining one or more display units which correspondingly display the caption video signals and other video signals;
and S1023, cross-controlling and inputting the caption video signals after format conversion and other video signals to corresponding signal processing positions.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when the method is specifically applied to a video processor of a large-screen display system, since a plurality of display units are correspondingly arranged in the large-screen display system, subtitle information and video information displayed by each display unit may be the same or different, and in an actual processing operation, it is necessary to previously correspond a display unit to a signal processing position, and the correspondence is arbitrary or preset, so that the subtitle information and other video signals can be displayed at any position of any display unit, and only the preset is required according to needs. Therefore, in order to accurately control the caption information and other video information displayed by each display unit, the caption video signal and other video signals are required to be input into the signal processing position corresponding to the display unit which needs to display the related content for signal processing and superposition, and finally, the caption video signal and other video signals can be correspondingly input into the display unit for display. Further illustrating the above implementation process, for example, in a large screen display system, a 4 x 4 large screen display wall is configured, 16 corresponding signal processing positions are determined to be arranged in the video processing according to 16 display units of the large-screen display system, if it is determined that 1/16 contents of the subtitle video signal and 1/16 contents of other video signals are displayed on the 1 st signal processing display unit, the caption video signals after format conversion and other video signals are input to the corresponding 1 st signal processing display position for processing and superposition through cross control, finally, the display of the video signals with the caption can be carried out in the display unit corresponding to the signal processing position, the display function of the caption in a large-screen display system is realized, and the caption display function of a video processor in the large-screen display system is realized.
S103, respectively carrying out signal processing on the caption video signal and other video signals after format conversion at corresponding signal processing positions, and carrying out video superposition on the caption video signal and other video signals after signal processing to form a video signal with captions;
in step S103, the specific step of performing signal processing on the format-converted subtitle video signal includes:
s1031, cutting, namely cutting the caption video signal after format conversion to obtain a caption video signal segment according to the display unit corresponding to the corresponding signal processing position;
s1032, zooming, namely zooming the clipped subtitle video signal segment to an output resolution;
s1033, performing caching processing, namely caching the caption video signal segments subjected to the scaling processing to an output pixel clock domain;
s1034, performing extraction processing, to extract subtitle information from the subtitle video signal segment after the buffering processing, specifically, the extracting of the subtitle information refers to extracting or removing subtitle content within a set range, where the set range may be specifically set, and may also be distinguished by a specific mark, such as different colors.
In step S103, signal processing is performed on the format-converted other video signals, and the specific implementation process is as follows:
s1031', cutting, namely cutting other video signal segments from other video signals after format conversion according to the display unit corresponding to the corresponding signal processing position;
s1032'. zooming, zooming the other cut video signal segments to output resolution;
and S1033' buffering the other video signal segments after the scaling processing to an output pixel clock domain.
After the above steps of the method are implemented, video superposition processing is performed on the subtitle information extracted in step S1034 and the other video signal segments buffered in step S1033' to form a video signal with subtitles, and the video processor completes signal processing on the subtitle video signal to realize the effect of combining subtitle display with the video processor.
And S104, outputting the video signal with the caption. In this step, the video signal with subtitles obtained in S103 is output to the display unit corresponding to the signal processing position and displayed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an electronic device is further provided, where the electronic device is configured to run a program, and when the program runs, the subtitle video processing method according to embodiment 1 of the present invention is executed.
It can be seen that, in the subtitle video processing method provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention, the subtitle display function is combined with other video processing functions of the video processor itself, and the function of the existing video processor is added, so that the subtitle display function can be realized without adding new devices to the video processor, the system complexity is reduced, and the cost is reduced; in addition, the invention can switch the caption video signal to any corresponding signal processing unit according to the cross control, thereby realizing the caption display function of the large-screen system processor.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a block diagram of a caption video processing system applied in a video processor 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the input signals of the system may include a caption video signal 11 and other video signals 12, and the other video signals 12 refer to video signals without caption information and are used for distinguishing from the caption video signals. The system specifically comprises a first acquisition conversion module 13 for acquiring the caption video signal 11, a second acquisition conversion module 14 for acquiring the other video signals 12, a cross control module 15, a plurality of corresponding signal processing modules 17 determined according to a plurality of display units of the large-screen display system, and a plurality of video output modules 18 corresponding to the plurality of signal processing modules 17, specifically:
the first acquisition conversion module 13 is configured to acquire and convert the format of the input subtitle video signal 11 to obtain a subtitle video signal after format conversion;
the second acquisition conversion module 14 is configured to acquire and convert the format of the input other video signals 12 to obtain format-converted other video signals;
in the embodiment of the present invention, when the first acquisition conversion module 13 and the second acquisition conversion module 14 are implemented specifically, the acquired caption video signal 11 and other video signals 12 are parallel data, and the parallel data is serialized at a high speed and converted into serial data, so as to obtain the converted caption video signal and other video signals, and a data stream obtained by converting the parallel data into the serial data can be transmitted and processed by using a pair of differential lines.
A cross control module 15, which is used for performing cross control 16 on the caption video signals and other video signals after format conversion and switching and inputting the caption video signals and other video signals into a plurality of corresponding signal processing modules 17;
the cross control module 15 can be used for switching the caption video signal converted into high-speed serial data and other video signals to a large-screen display system, the cross control module 15 comprises a signal determining processing unit, a display position determining unit and a corresponding input module unit, wherein the specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
the signal processing unit is used for determining a plurality of corresponding signal processing modules according to a plurality of display units of the large-screen display system;
the display position determining unit is used for determining one or more display units which are correspondingly displayed by the caption video signal and other video signals;
and the input corresponding module unit is used for inputting the caption video signal after format conversion and other video signals to the corresponding signal processing module in a cross control mode.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when the method is specifically applied to a video processor of a large-screen display system, because a plurality of display units are correspondingly arranged in the large-screen display system, and subtitle information and video information displayed by each display unit may be the same or different, but in an actual processing operation, the display units and the signal processing modules need to be corresponded in advance, and the correspondence is random or preset, so that the subtitle information and other video signals can be displayed on any display unit, and only the preset is needed according to needs The signals are processed and superposed, and finally, the signals can be correspondingly input into a display unit for displaying. Further illustrating the implementation of the various elements of the above system, for example in a large screen display system, configuring 4 x 4 large screen display wall, firstly determining 16 corresponding signal processing modules in the video processing according to 16 display units of the large screen display system in the signal processing unit, secondly, the content of 1/16 displaying the caption video signal and the content of 1/16 displaying the other video signals on the 1 st signal processing display unit are determined through the determined display position unit, finally, the caption video signal after format conversion and the other video signals are input to the corresponding 1 st signal processing display module for processing and overlapping through cross control in the input corresponding module unit, and finally, the video signals with captions can be displayed in the display unit corresponding to the signal processing module. And the subtitle video signals and other video signals are switched to any signal processing module through each unit in the cross control module, so that the subtitle split-screen display function in a large-screen display system is realized, and the subtitle display function of a video processor in the large-screen display system is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a signal processing module, where the signal processing module 20 in fig. 3 corresponds to the signal processing module 17 in fig. 2, and the signal processing module is configured to perform signal processing on the format-converted subtitle video signal and other video signals at corresponding signal processing positions, and perform video superposition on the signal-processed subtitle video signal and other video signals to form a video signal with subtitles;
in this embodiment of the present invention, the signal processing module 20 corresponds to the plurality of signal processing modules 17 shown in fig. 2, the signals processed by the signal processing module 20 may include the format-converted caption video signal 21 and the format-converted other video signal 22, where the other video signal 22 refers to the format-converted video signal without caption information and is used to distinguish from the format-converted caption video signal 21. The signal processing module 20 includes a first clipping processing unit 23, a second clipping processing unit 24, a first scaling processing unit 25, a second scaling processing unit 26, a first buffer processing unit 27, a second buffer processing unit 28, and a first fetch processing unit 29.
The signal processing module 20 performs signal processing on the format-converted subtitle video signal 21 through the first cropping processing unit 23, the first scaling processing unit 25, the first buffer processing unit 27, and the first extraction processing unit 29, where the specific implementation process is as follows:
a first clipping processing unit 23, configured to clip, according to a display unit corresponding to the corresponding signal processing position, a subtitle video signal segment from the format-converted subtitle video signal 21;
a first scaling unit 25, configured to scale the clipped subtitle video signal segment to an output resolution;
a first buffer processing unit 27, configured to buffer the scaled subtitle video signal segment to an output pixel clock domain;
the first extraction processing unit 29 is configured to extract subtitle information from the buffered subtitle video signal segment, where the extracted subtitle information specifically refers to extracting or removing subtitle content within a set range, where the set range may be specifically set or may be distinguished by a specific mark, such as a different color.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the signal processing module 20 performs signal processing on the format-converted other video signal 22 through the second clipping unit 24, the second scaling unit 26, and the second buffer processing unit 28, where the specific implementation process is as follows:
the second clipping processing unit 24 is configured to clip other video signal segments from other video signals after format conversion according to the display unit corresponding to the corresponding signal processing position;
a second scaling unit 26, for scaling the cut-processed other video signal segments to the output resolution;
and a second buffer processing unit 28, configured to buffer the scaled other video signal segments to an output pixel clock domain.
After the processing of the system modules and units, the video superposition processing is performed on the caption information processed by the first extraction processing unit 29 and other video signal segments processed by the second cache processing unit 28 to form a video signal with captions, and the video processor completes the signal processing on the caption video signal to realize the function of combining caption display with the video processor.
And a video output module 18 for outputting the video signal with subtitles. In this embodiment, the video signal with subtitles is output to the display unit corresponding to the signal processing module for displaying.
It can be seen that, in the subtitle video processing system provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention, the subtitle display function is combined with other video processing functions of the video processor itself, and the functions of the existing video processor are added, so that the subtitle display function can be realized without adding new devices to the video processor, the system complexity is reduced, and the cost is reduced; in addition, the embodiment of the invention can switch the caption video signal to any corresponding signal processing unit according to the cross control module, thereby realizing the caption display function of the large-screen system processor.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the specific embodiments of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention claims should be included in the protection scope of the present invention claims.

Claims (10)

1. A subtitle video processing method applied to a video processor, the method comprising:
respectively carrying out acquisition and format conversion on the input caption video signals and other video signals to obtain format-converted caption video signals and other video signals;
performing cross control on the format-converted caption video signals and other video signals to switch to corresponding signal processing positions;
respectively carrying out signal processing on the caption video signal and other video signals after format conversion at corresponding signal processing positions, and carrying out video superposition on the caption video signal and other video signals after the signal processing to form a video signal with captions;
and outputting the video signal with the subtitles.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing cross control on the format-converted subtitle video signal and other video signals to switch to corresponding signal processing positions comprises:
determining a plurality of corresponding signal processing positions according to a plurality of display units of a large-screen display system;
determining one or more display units for correspondingly displaying the caption video signal and other video signals;
and performing cross control on the caption video signal after format conversion and other video signals to input the caption video signal and other video signals to corresponding signal processing positions.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the signal processing is performed on the format-converted subtitle video signals at corresponding signal processing positions, and specifically comprises:
cutting, namely cutting the caption video signal after format conversion to obtain a caption video signal segment according to the display unit corresponding to the corresponding signal processing position;
scaling the clipped subtitle video signal segment to an output resolution;
caching, namely caching the scaled subtitle video signal segments to an output pixel clock domain;
and extracting, namely extracting subtitle information from the subtitle video signal segment after the buffering processing.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein performing signal processing on the format-converted other video signal at the corresponding signal processing position specifically comprises:
cutting processing, namely cutting other video signal segments from other video signals after format conversion according to the display unit corresponding to the corresponding signal processing position;
scaling the other video signal segments subjected to the cutting processing to output resolution;
and buffering the other video signal segments after the scaling processing to an output pixel clock domain.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein extracting caption information from the caption video signal segment after the buffering process specifically comprises:
and extracting or removing caption contents in a set range aiming at the caption video signal segment after the caching processing.
6. A caption video processing system, applied in a video processor, comprising:
the first acquisition conversion module is used for acquiring and converting the format of an input subtitle video signal to obtain a subtitle video signal after format conversion;
the second acquisition conversion module is used for acquiring and converting formats of other input video signals to obtain other format-converted video signals;
the cross control module is used for carrying out cross control switching on the caption video signals and other video signals after format conversion and inputting the signals to the corresponding signal processing module;
the signal processing module is used for carrying out signal processing on the input format-converted caption video signals and other video signals and carrying out video superposition on the signal-processed caption video signals and other video signals to form video signals with captions;
and the output module is used for outputting the video signal with the caption.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the crossover control module specifically comprises: the signal processing unit is used for determining a plurality of corresponding signal processing modules according to a plurality of display units of the large-screen display system;
the display position determining unit is used for determining one or more display units which are correspondingly displayed by the caption video signal and other video signals;
and the input corresponding module unit is used for inputting the caption video signal after format conversion and other video signals to the corresponding signal processing module in a cross control mode.
8. The caption video processing system of claim 7, wherein the signal processing module comprises:
the first cutting processing unit is used for cutting the caption video signal after the format conversion according to the display unit corresponding to the corresponding signal processing module to obtain a caption video signal segment;
the first zooming processing unit is used for zooming the clipped subtitle video signal segment to the size of output resolution;
the first buffer processing unit is used for buffering the caption video signal segment after the scaling processing to an output pixel clock domain;
and the first extraction processing unit is used for extracting the caption information from the caption video signal segment after the buffer processing.
9. The system for processing caption video according to claim 7, wherein the signal processing module further comprises: the second cutting processing unit is used for cutting other video signal segments from other video signals after format conversion according to the display unit corresponding to the corresponding signal processing module;
the second zooming processing unit is used for zooming the other video signal fragments subjected to the cutting processing to the output resolution size;
and the second buffer processing unit is used for buffering other video signal fragments after the scaling processing to an output pixel clock domain.
10. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device is configured to run a program, wherein the program is configured to execute a method for processing subtitle video according to any one of claims 1-5 when running.
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