CN111025810B - Electrochromic assembly, housing and electronic device - Google Patents
Electrochromic assembly, housing and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111025810B CN111025810B CN201911252808.8A CN201911252808A CN111025810B CN 111025810 B CN111025810 B CN 111025810B CN 201911252808 A CN201911252808 A CN 201911252808A CN 111025810 B CN111025810 B CN 111025810B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
Abstract
The application discloses an electrochromic assembly, a housing and an electronic device. The electrochromic assembly includes: the flexible substrate comprises a first flexible substrate, a second flexible substrate and an electrochromic layer, wherein the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate are oppositely arranged, the electrochromic layer is sealed between the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate, the electrochromic layer comprises a flexible polymer base material, an electrochromic active substance, a redox active substance and a conductive agent are arranged in the flexible polymer base material, the first flexible substrate is provided with a first electrode layer on one side facing the electrochromic layer, and is provided with a first waterproof film layer on one side far away from the electrochromic layer; the second flexible substrate is provided with a second electrode layer on one side facing the electrochromic layer, and a second waterproof film layer on one side far away from the electrochromic layer. The electrochromic assembly can realize electrochromic by utilizing a single-layer structure, can simply realize flexible packaging, has quick color-changing response and reliable packaging, and is suitable for being attached to a shell with a certain curved surface.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of electronic devices, and in particular, to electrochromic assemblies, housings, and electronic devices.
Background
With the development of electronic technology, the requirements of users for electronic devices have not been limited to the use performance of the devices. The appearance of the shell such as the rear shell is an important aspect of embodying the appearance design of the electronic device, and although the shell has a shell design with various materials and colors at present, the color and the pattern of the shell are still relatively fixed and single at present, the effect of various color changes cannot be realized, and the appearance expressive force is not ideal enough. Moreover, the shell of the electronic device has a single function, only plays a role of protection, cannot realize a dynamic effect when the electronic device is used, and lacks interaction with a user.
Although there are some housings that provide electrochromic effects in the related art, there is still room for improvement in current electrochromic assemblies, housings, and electronic devices.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to alleviate or even solve at least one of the above technical problems to at least some extent.
The inventors have found that current electrochromic assemblies are commonly formed on rigid substrates and that flexible packaging is difficult to achieve. The inventor finds that the reason is mainly that the current electrochromic component mostly adopts liquid electrochromic materials or sandwich-structured solid electrochromic materials. The liquid electrochromic material needs higher liquid filling and packaging technologies, flexible packaging is difficult to realize, and an electrochromic system of the liquid electrochromic material is easy to damage under the condition of long-time electrification. The solid electrochromic material with the sandwich structure has a multi-layer stacked structure, the structure is complex, matching among different layers needs strict design and verification, and ions need to penetrate through the whole electrolyte layer due to coloring and fading of the electrochromic material, so that the response speed of the sandwich structure is low.
In view of the above, in one aspect of the present application, there is provided an electrochromic assembly comprising: the flexible substrate comprises a first flexible substrate, a second flexible substrate and an electrochromic layer, wherein the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate are oppositely arranged, the electrochromic layer is sealed between the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate, the electrochromic layer comprises a flexible polymer base material, an electrochromic active substance, a redox active substance and a conductive agent are arranged in the flexible polymer base material, the first flexible substrate is provided with a first electrode layer on one side facing the electrochromic layer, and is provided with a first waterproof film layer on one side far away from the electrochromic layer; the second flexible substrate is provided with a second electrode layer on one side facing the electrochromic layer, and a second waterproof film layer on one side far away from the electrochromic layer. Therefore, the electrochromic assembly can realize electrochromic by utilizing a single-layer structure, thereby being beneficial to realizing flexible packaging through a simple structure, obtaining the electrochromic assembly with quick color change response, reliable packaging and flexibility, and being particularly suitable for being attached to a shell with a certain curved surface.
In another aspect of the invention, a method of making an electrochromic assembly is provided. The method comprises the following steps: providing a first flexible substrate, wherein one side of the first flexible substrate is provided with a first electrode, and the other side of the first flexible substrate is provided with a first waterproof film layer; forming an electrochromic layer on the first electrode, the electrochromic layer including a flexible polymer substrate, and an electrochromic active substance, a redox active substance, and a conductive agent mixed in the flexible polymer substrate; keep away from in electrochromic layer one side of first flexible substrate sets up the second flexible substrate, the second flexible substrate orientation one side of electrochromic layer has the second electrode opposite side and has the second waterproof layer, and will the electrochromic layer seal in first flexible substrate with between the second flexible substrate. The method can easily obtain an electrochromic element.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present application is directed to a housing. The housing includes the electrochromic assembly previously described. Therefore, the shell has at least one of the advantages of good appearance effect, controllable color change, long service life of the color change component, quick color change response and the like.
In a further aspect of the invention, the invention provides an electronic device comprising the housing as described above, the housing defining an accommodating space; the main board is accommodated in the accommodating space and is provided with a control circuit, and the control circuit is electrically connected with the electrochromic component in the shell. The electronic device has all the features and advantages of the housing described above, and will not be described herein again. Generally speaking, the electronic device has at least one of the advantages that the shell can realize controllable color change, the service life of the color change component is long, the color change is correspondingly rapid, and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an electrochromic assembly according to one example of the present application;
fig. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method of making an electrochromic assembly according to one example of the application;
fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an example of the application.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present application, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
In one aspect of the present application, an electrochromic assembly is presented. Referring to fig. 1, the electrochromic assembly 1000 includes a first flexible substrate 100 and a second flexible substrate 200 disposed opposite to each other, and an electrochromic layer 300 sealed between the first flexible substrate 100 and the second flexible substrate 200. The first flexible substrate 100 has a first electrode layer 110 at a side facing the electrochromic layer 300, a first waterproof film layer 200 at a side away from the electrochromic layer, and the second flexible substrate 200 has a second electrode layer 120 at a side facing the electrochromic layer 300, and a second waterproof film layer 400 at a side away from the electrochromic layer 300. The electrochromic layer 300 includes a flexible polymer substrate having an electrochromic active material, a redox active material, and a conductive agent therein. Namely, the electrochromic component can realize electrochromic by depending on a single functional layer without a laminated structure such as an electrolyte layer, an ion transmission layer and the like, thereby being beneficial to realizing flexible packaging. And the electrochromic layer 300 has an electrochromic active material, a redox active material, and a conductive agent therein, so that the electrochromic response speed can be ensured. Therefore, the color-changing device has the advantages of quick color-changing response and reliable packaging, thereby being particularly suitable for being attached to a shell with a certain curved surface.
The following describes in detail the respective structures of the electrochromic assembly according to embodiments of the present invention:
the electrochromic layer 300 may be a solid layered structure, and specifically, an electrochromic active material having an electrochromic function may be added to the flexible polymer substrate, and other additional components. Therefore, the electrochromic function can be realized by utilizing the solid film layer with certain flexibility, so that the packaging is convenient, and the electrochromic component can be ensured to have certain flexibility integrally. Specifically, the electrochromic active material can realize controllable switching between a colored state and a transparent state within a certain voltage range, thereby realizing electrochromic. The transition between the colored and transparent states is achieved by electron gain and loss of the electrochromic active material. In order to achieve electrochromism with one functional layer, the electrochromic layer 300 also has a redox active material therein. The redox active material is a compound capable of undergoing a reversible redox reaction within a voltage window in which the electrochromic active material is colored and decolored, and further capable of undergoing another half-electrode reaction when the electrochromic active material is oxidized or reduced to ensure electron inside the electrochromic layer 300And (4) balancing. I.e. when the electrochromic active substance undergoes an oxidation reaction, the redox active substance undergoes a reduction reaction. The conductive agent can improve the ionic conductivity of the solid electrochromic layer 300, thereby realizing an electrochromic function and securing a corresponding rate of color change. For example, the material and composition of the conductive agent may be configured such that the electrochromic layer has an ionic conductivity greater than 10 at room temperature -6 S/cm。
The total thickness of the electrochromic layer 300 is not particularly limited as long as the color change can be controlled by an electric field formed between the first and second electrodes. For example, the electrochromic layer 300 may have a thickness of between 5-200 μm, depending on the particular embodiment of the application.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the electrochromic active substance may be a small molecule type electrochromic active substance, for example, may be viologen. In the related art, materials such as polythiophene and the like commonly used in the electrochromic component with the sandwich structure have strong tail absorption, so that the transmittance of the electrochromic component in a transparent state is low. The small-molecule electrochromic active substance can relieve the problem, and can be simply mixed into a solid flexible polymer base material to form a film through a blade coating process and other processes.
The redox-active material may be colored or transparent. When the redox active material has a certain color or the colors of the oxidation state and the reduction state are different, the color of the redox active material can be matched with the color image of the electrochromic active material to be commonly embodied as the integral color of the electrochromic component. According to a specific example of the present application, the redox-active material may comprise at least one of aniline. More specifically, ferrocene materials can be selected as redox active species.
According to the examples of the present application, the specific type of the conductive agent is not particularly limited as long as the room temperature ionic conductivity of the electrochromic layer 300 can be ensured. For example, one of the indications of lithium salt, quaternary ammonium salt, and ion conductor may be specifically included. More specifically, the conductive agent may include at least one of lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium oxalyldifluoroborate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, tetrabutylammonium fluoroborate, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, tetrabutylammonium chloride, and tetrabutylammonium bromide.
According to the examples of the present application, the flexible polymer substrate is not particularly limited as long as it has certain transparency and flexibility. For example, at least one of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and polyvinylidene fluoride may be specifically included. Specifically, in order to realize the formation of the electrochromic layer in a solid state by a simple coating process, PMMA may be selected as the flexible polymer substrate. The molecular weight of polymethyl methacrylate may be 1000-500000. The inventors found that when the molecular weight of PMMA is too small, the viscosity of the coating solution forming the electrochromic layer is too small and the fluidity is too strong. When the molecular weight is too large, the viscosity of the solution to be coated is too high, and it is not favorable to form a uniform film.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least one of a curing agent and a plasticizer may be further included in the electrochromic layer 300. Specifically, the curing agent may include a UV curing agent or a thermal curing agent, for example, the UV curing agent includes at least one of azobisisobutyronitrile, dibenzoyl peroxide, 2,4,6 (trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide, 4-dimethylamino-ethyl benzoate, diaryliodonium salt, and cumeneferrocenium hexafluorophosphate, and the thermal curing agent may include at least one of ethylenediamine, diaminocyclohexane, isophoronediamine, and polyethylenepolyamine. The plasticizer may crosslink with the flexible polymer substrate during curing, and serves to increase the flexibility of the electrochromic layer 300. In particular, the plasticizer may comprise propylene carbonate. The higher the content of the plasticizer, the softer the electrochromic layer 300 after curing, but at the same time the strength will also decrease. The content of the plasticizer can be controlled by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.
According to some specific examples of the present application, specific contents of the components in the electrochromic layer 300 are not particularly limited, and for example, the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 300 after being dried and cured may be greater than 70% by specifically adjusting the mixture ratio of the components. Specifically, the mass ratio of the electrochromic active material to the polymer forming the flexible polymer base material may be 0.01 to 0.1. The mass ratio of the redox active substance and the electrochromic active substance may be 0.1 to 2. The mass ratio of the curing agent to the polymer forming the flexible polymer substrate is 0.01% to 5%. The electrochromic layer 300 may be formed by dissolving a redox active material and an electrochromic active material in an organic solvent, then gradually adding components of a polymer, a plasticizer, etc. forming a flexible polymer base material to the organic solvent to form a coating slurry, and then forming a film by a process including, but not limited to, blade coating, etc. In the coating paste, the mass ratio of the conductive agent, the polymer forming the flexible polymer base material, the plasticizer, and the organic solvent may be (0.1 to 10): (10-30): (1-200): (10-500). Thereby, on the one hand, the electrochromic layer 300 having a relatively uniform thickness can be simply formed by coating, and on the other hand, sufficient transparency and good response speed of the electrochromic layer 300 can be ensured.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is formed of a transparent conductive material. More specifically, the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 120 may be transparent electrodes, and may be formed of one or more of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), or transparent metal mesh, for example. Specifically, it may be made of ITO.
The first and second flexible substrates 100 and 200 may be transparent flexible plastic, for example, may be formed of a transparent polyimide (CPI) material. Thereby, the mechanical strength and flexibility of the first flexible substrate 100 and the second flexible substrate 200 can be ensured. The electrochromic layer 300 may be sealed between the first flexible substrate 100 and the second flexible substrate 200 by the frame sealing adhesive 310.
Since the electrochromic module according to the example of the present application includes only one functional layer (electrochromic layer 300), reliable waterproof oxygen encapsulation can be achieved by the first waterproof film layer 200 and the second waterproof film layer 300. Specifically, the first waterproof film layer 200 and the second waterproof film layer 300 may be each independently formed of an inorganic material, or may each independently include a plurality of inorganic sublayers and organic sublayers stacked in sequence. For example, the inorganic material may include ceramic, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitrideAt least one of magnesium oxide, the first waterproof film layer and the second waterproof film layer are respectively and independently a single inorganic layer, for example, a single layer of Al 2 O 3 Monolayer of Al 2 O 3 May be 10-100nm thick. The thicknesses of the first waterproof film layer 200 and the second waterproof film layer 300 may be equal or different. Alternatively, the first water-repellent film layer and the second water-repellent film layer may each independently include a plurality of laminated inorganic sublayers, and the inorganic sublayers may be formed of SiO 2 Or Al 2 O 3 The first waterproof membrane layer 200 and the second waterproof membrane layer 300 may be formed by stacking a plurality of SiO films sequentially 2 /Al 2 O 3 An inorganic sublayer is formed. The thickness of each inorganic sublayer may be 20-200 nm. The number of the inorganic sublayers included in the first waterproof membrane layer and the second waterproof membrane layer may be equal or unequal. Alternatively, the first and second water-repellent film layers may have a structure of an inorganic/organic sublayer stack, wherein the inorganic sublayer may be formed of the above-mentioned inorganic material, and the organic material may be a commonly used organic encapsulation material. For example, an inorganic sublayer may be formed first on the first flexible substrate or the second flexible substrate side, and then an organic sublayer having a thickness slightly larger than that of the inorganic sublayer may be formed.
The electrochromic component can realize reversible transformation of a transparent state and a colored state in a voltage range of 0-10V.
In another aspect of the present application, a method of making an electrochromic assembly is presented. The electrochromic assembly prepared by the method can have all the characteristics and advantages of the electrochromic assembly described above, and the details are not repeated. Referring to fig. 2, the method may include:
s100: providing a first flexible substrate with a first electrode on one side
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in this step, a first flexible substrate having a first electrode and a first water repellent film layer may be provided. The materials of the first electrode and the first flexible substrate have been described in detail above, and are not described again. For example, the first flexible substrate may be polyimide, the first electrode may be ITO, and the first water-repellent film layer may be silicon dioxide. The skilled person can select familiar ways to form the first electrode and the first water repellent membrane layer.
S200: forming an electrochromic layer on the first electrode
In this step, an electrochromic layer is formed on the first electrode. The detailed description of the specific composition of the electrochromic layer is not repeated herein. For example, the electrochromic layer may include a flexible polymer substrate, and an electrochromic active, a redox active, and a conductive agent mixed in the flexible polymer substrate.
The electrochromic layer may be formed by applying an electrochromic paint. Specifically, the electrochromic paint includes an organic solvent, an electrochromic active material, a polymer forming a flexible polymer substrate, a conductive agent, and a redox active material, and the electrochromic active material and the redox active material may be dissolved in the organic solvent, and the polymer forming the flexible polymer substrate, the conductive agent, and other additives, such as a curing agent and a plasticizer, may be gradually added and mixed to form the electrochromic paint.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the organic solvent may include acetone as well as acetonitrile. Acetonitrile and acetone solvent can better dissolve viologen. Also, polymers forming the flexible polymer matrix, such as PMMA, are also well soluble. Specifically, under the condition of heating and stirring, the components such as PMMA can be gradually added into acetone or acetonitrile dissolved with viologen and ferrocene. In the electrochromic paint, the mass ratio of the electrochromic active substance to the polymer forming the flexible polymer substrate can be 0.01-0.1, and the mass ratio of the redox active substance to the electrochromic active substance can be 0.1-2. When the electrochromic paint further includes at least one of a plasticizer and a curing agent, the mass ratio of the conductive agent, the polymer forming the flexible polymer substrate, the plasticizer, and the organic solvent may be (0.1-10): (10-30): (1-200): (10-500), the mass ratio of the curing agent to the polymer forming the flexible polymer base material may be 0.01% to 5%.
After the electrochromic paint is prepared, the electrochromic paint may be coated on the first electrode to form a wet film. And then, drying the wet film, wherein the environment humidity during drying is less than 10%, and the temperature during drying is lower than the boiling point of the organic solvent.
According to a specific example of the present application, the electrochromic paint may be knife coated on the first electrode by a knife coating method. The thickness of the electrochromic wet film is adjusted according to the film thickness of the electrochromic layer formed by the final target and the solid content in the solution. The solid content is the sum of the mass fractions of the polymer forming the flexible polymer substrate, the conductive agent, the plasticizer, the curing agent, the electrochromic active material and the redox active material in the electrochromic coating. The relationship between the targeted electrochromic film thickness and the wet film thickness can satisfy: target film formation thickness ═ wet film thickness × solid content.
And drying the wet film in a drying environment to evaporate the solvent, wherein the drying temperature is lower than 56 ℃ when acetone is used as the solvent, and the drying temperature is lower than 81 ℃ when acetonitrile is used as the solvent. The drying temperature is higher than the boiling point of the solvent, and bubbles are generated due to the boiling of the solvent, so that the flatness of the electrochromic layer is influenced. The inventor finds that when the viologen is used as the electrochromic material, the formed film layer has the advantage of higher transparency. However, the viologen as a small molecule is difficult to fix, so that the solvent can be volatilized firstly, and then the viologen molecules are fixed into a film by utilizing polymers such as PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate).
S300: arranging a second flexible substrate on one side of the electrochromic layer far away from the first flexible substrate
In the step, a second flexible substrate is arranged on the dried wet film, curing is carried out to enable the electrochromic coating to be crosslinked and cured and form an electrochromic layer, and frame glue is coated on the periphery of the electrochromic layer between the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate to seal the electrochromic layer.
Specifically, one side of the second flexible substrate is provided with a second electrode, and the other side of the second flexible substrate is provided with a second waterproof film layer. The detailed description about the specific structures of the second flexible substrate, the second electrode and the second waterproof film layer has been given above, and will not be repeated herein. In which a second electrode is brought into contact with the electrochromic layer.
According to a specific example of the present invention, after the organic solvent is dried, the second flexible substrate may be closely attached to and covered on the dried electrochromic layer with the second electrode facing downward. Further baking the PMMA film at 80-150 ℃ for a certain time or curing the PMMA film by using a mode of irradiating UV light for a period of time so as to enable the PMMA film to be crosslinked and cured into a solid film. And then coating frame glue on the periphery of the electrochromic layer for packaging.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a housing is presented. The housing may include the electrochromic assembly described above. Therefore, the shell has at least one of the advantages of good appearance effect, controllable color change, long service life of the color change component, quick color change response and the like.
Specifically, the housing may have a housing body, and the electrochromic assembly may be attached on an inner surface of the housing body. The shell body can be provided with a bottom surface and a side wall, and the bottom surface can be a plane or a certain curved surface. Because the electrochromic module has better flexibility, the housing can be well attached to the housing body even if the housing has a side wall or a curved surface with a certain bending degree.
In another aspect of the invention, an electronic device is provided. Referring to fig. 3, the electronic device 2000 includes the aforementioned housing 1500, the housing 1500 defines a containing space (not shown), and the motherboard is received in the containing space and has a control circuit, and the control circuit is electrically connected to the electrochromic element in the housing 1500. The electronic device has all the features and advantages of the housing described above, and will not be described herein again. Generally speaking, the electronic equipment has at least one of the advantages that the shell can realize controllable color change, the service life of the color change component is longer, the color change is correspondingly rapid, and the like.
By way of example, the electronic device 1500 may be any of various types of computer system devices that are mobile or portable and that perform wireless communications (only one modality being shown by way of example in FIG. 3). Specifically, the electronic device 2000 may be a mobile phone or smart phone (e.g., an iPhone (TM) based phone), a Portable game device (e.g., Nintendo DS (TM), PlayStation Portable (TM), game Advance (TM), iPhone (TM)), a laptop computer, a PDA, a Portable internet device, a music player and a data storage device, other handheld devices and a headset such as a watch, an in-ear headphone, a pendant, a headset, etc., and the electronic device 3000 may also be other wearable devices (e.g., a Headset (HMD) such as electronic glasses, electronic clothing, an electronic bracelet, an electronic necklace, an electronic tattoo, an electronic device, or a smart watch).
The electronic device 2000 may also be any of a number of electronic devices including, but not limited to, cellular phones, smart phones, other wireless communication devices, personal digital assistants, audio players, other media players, music recorders, video recorders, cameras, other media recorders, radios, medical devices, vehicle transportation equipment, calculators, programmable remote controllers, pagers, laptop computers, desktop computers, printers, netbook computers, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), Portable Multimedia Players (PMPs), moving Picture experts group (MPEG-1 or MPEG-2) Audio layer 3(MP3) players, portable medical devices, and digital cameras, and combinations thereof.
Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present application.
Claims (19)
1. An electrochromic assembly, comprising:
the flexible substrate comprises a first flexible substrate, a second flexible substrate and an electrochromic layer, wherein the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate are oppositely arranged, the electrochromic layer is sealed between the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate, the electrochromic layer comprises a flexible polymer base material, and an electrochromic active substance, a redox active substance and a conductive agent are arranged in the flexible polymer base material,
the first flexible substrate is provided with a first electrode layer on one side facing the electrochromic layer and a first waterproof film layer on one side far away from the electrochromic layer;
the second flexible substrate is provided with a second electrode layer at one side facing the electrochromic layer and a second waterproof membrane layer at one side far away from the electrochromic layer,
the electrochromic active substance comprises a micromolecular electrochromic active substance, the redox active substance comprises a compound which can generate reversible redox reaction within a voltage window when the electrochromic active substance is colored and decolored,
the flexible polymer base material is polymethyl methacrylate, and the molecular weight of the polymethyl methacrylate is 1000-500000.
2. Electrochromic assembly according to claim 1,
the electrochromic active substance includes viologen.
3. Electrochromic assembly according to claim 1,
the redox active material includes aniline.
4. The electrochromic assembly of claim 1, wherein the conductive agent is configured to provide the electrochromic layer with an ionic conductivity greater than 10 at room temperature -6 S/cm。
5. The electrochromic assembly of claim 4, wherein the conductive agent comprises at least one of a lithium salt, a quaternary ammonium salt, and an ion conductor.
6. The electrochromic assembly of claim 5, wherein the conductive agent comprises at least one of lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium oxalyldifluoroborate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, tetrabutylammonium fluoroborate, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, tetrabutylammonium chloride, and tetrabutylammonium bromide.
7. The electrochromic assembly of claim 1, wherein the electrochromic layer further comprises at least one of a curing agent and a plasticizer.
8. The electrochromic assembly of claim 7, wherein the curing agent comprises a UV curing agent or a thermal curing agent.
9. The electrochromic assembly of claim 8, wherein the UV curing agent comprises at least one of azobisisobutyronitrile, dibenzoyl peroxide, 2,4,6 (trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide, ethyl 4-dimethylamino-benzoate, diaryliodonium salts, and cumeneferrocenium hexafluorophosphate.
10. The electrochromic assembly of claim 8, wherein the thermal-curing agent comprises ethylenediamine, diaminocyclohexane, isophoronediamine, polyethylenepolyamines.
11. The electrochromic assembly of claim 10, wherein the plasticizer comprises propylene carbonate.
12. The electrochromic assembly of any of claims 1-11, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is formed from a transparent conductive material.
13. The electrochromic assembly of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the first water-repellent film layer and the second water-repellent film layer are each independently formed of an inorganic material, or each independently comprise a plurality of sequentially stacked inorganic and organic sublayers.
14. The electrochromic assembly of claim 13, wherein the inorganic material comprises at least one of a ceramic, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, magnesium oxide,
the first waterproof membrane layer and the second waterproof membrane layer are respectively and independently a single-layer Al 2 O 3 Said single layer of Al 2 O 3 The thickness of (A) is 10-100 nm; alternatively, the first waterproof membrane layer and the second waterproof membrane layer each independently include a plurality of laminated inorganic sublayers, and the inorganic sublayers are formed of SiO 2 Or Al 2 O 3 The inorganic sub-layer is formed to have a thickness of 20-200 nm.
15. A method of making an electrochromic assembly, comprising:
providing a first flexible substrate, wherein one side of the first flexible substrate is provided with a first electrode, and the other side of the first flexible substrate is provided with a first waterproof film layer;
forming an electrochromic layer on the first electrode, the electrochromic layer including a flexible polymer substrate, and an electrochromic active substance, a redox active substance, and a conductive agent mixed in the flexible polymer substrate;
arranging a second flexible substrate on one side of the electrochromic layer far away from the first flexible substrate, wherein one side of the second flexible substrate, facing the electrochromic layer, is provided with a second electrode, and the other side of the second flexible substrate is provided with a second waterproof layer, the electrochromic layer is sealed between the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate, the electrochromic layer comprises a flexible polymer base material, and the flexible polymer base material is provided with an electrochromic active substance, a redox active substance and a conductive agent,
the electrochromic active substance comprises a micromolecular electrochromic active substance, the redox active substance comprises a compound which can perform reversible redox reaction in a voltage window when the electrochromic active substance is colored and decolored, the flexible polymer substrate is polymethyl methacrylate, the molecular weight of the polymethyl methacrylate is 500000-1000,
the electrochromic layer is formed by applying an electrochromic paint.
16. The method of claim 15,
the electrochromic paint includes an organic solvent, the electrochromic active material, a polymer forming the flexible polymer substrate, the conductive agent, and the redox active material,
the organic solvent comprises acetone and acetonitrile;
the mass ratio of the electrochromic active substance to the polymer forming the flexible polymer substrate is 0.01-0.1;
the mass ratio of the redox active material to the electrochromic active material is 0.1-2;
the electrochromic coating further comprises a plasticizer, and the mass ratio of the conductive agent to the polymer forming the flexible polymer substrate to the plasticizer to the organic solvent is (0.1-10): (10-30): (1-200): (10-500);
the electrochromic coating further comprises a curing agent, and the mass ratio of the curing agent to the polymer forming the flexible polymer substrate is 0.01-5%.
17. The method of claim 16, comprising:
applying the electrochromic paint on the first electrode to form a wet film;
drying the wet film, wherein the humidity of the environment during the drying is less than 10%, and the temperature of the drying is lower than the boiling point of the organic solvent;
arranging the second flexible substrate on the wet film subjected to the drying treatment, and carrying out curing treatment to enable the electrochromic paint to be crosslinked and cured and form the electrochromic layer;
and coating frame glue on the periphery of the electrochromic layer between the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate.
18. A housing comprising an electrochromic assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
19. An electronic device, comprising:
the housing of claim 18, defining a containment space;
the mainboard is accommodated in the accommodating space and is provided with a control circuit, and the control circuit is electrically connected with the electrochromic assembly in the shell.
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| CN113805396A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-12-17 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Electrochromic assembly, preparation method and electronic equipment |
| CN111752061B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2023-04-25 | 中国乐凯集团有限公司 | Quasi-solid electrolyte for flexible electrochromic film and preparation method thereof |
| CN112147827B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-12-13 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Electronic equipment, shell, electrochromic module and packaging method thereof |
| CN112165803A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-01-01 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Electronic equipment and shell assembly thereof |
| CN112074131A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-11 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Electronic equipment and shell assembly thereof |
| CN112987435B (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-06-21 | 中国乐凯集团有限公司 | Flexible electrochromic device and preparation method thereof |
| CN113296326A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-24 | 江西沃格光电股份有限公司 | Flexible electrochromic device and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113766783B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-07-25 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Decoration, housing assembly and electronic equipment |
| CN116264837A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-06-16 | 韩国技术教育大学校产学协力团 | Composition for electrochromic element having light transmittance, high flexibility and high moisture resistance, and method for producing electrochromic element |
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