CN111025024A - Method and device for measuring grounding impedance of transformer substation grounding grid based on actual measurement and simulation - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring grounding impedance of transformer substation grounding grid based on actual measurement and simulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transformer substation grounding grid grounding impedance measuring method based on actual measurement and simulation. The invention also discloses a device for measuring the grounding impedance of the transformer substation grounding grid. The method for measuring the grounding impedance of the grounding grid does not have a secondary loop, so that the method has no mutual inductance influence, does not have a voltage pole, does not need to move the position of the voltage pole for many times, and reduces the measurement times; the grounding impedance measuring device of the grounding grid is convenient to deploy and easy to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of transformer substation grounding grid impedance measurement, and particularly relates to a transformer substation grounding grid impedance measurement method and device based on actual measurement and simulation.
Background
The grounding grid is used for guaranteeing safe and stable operation of the transformer substation, can provide reference ground potential for the transformer substation, is connected with the ground equipment of the transformer substation through the grounding down lead and serves as a channel for quickly discharging fault current in a power system. The grounding impedance is the most important characteristic parameter of the grounding grid and is used as a basis for judging the performance of the grounding grid, and meanwhile, the field actual measurement of the grounding impedance of the transformer substation is an important means for ensuring whether the grounding system can work normally and meeting the grounding application requirements. In the prior art, for accurately measuring the grounding impedance of a grounding grid of a transformer substation, methods such as a straight line method, an included angle method and a pilot frequency method are mainly used. According to the 'measuring guide rule of characteristic parameters of the grounding device' in the document, a current electrode and a potential electrode are arranged in parallel, the distance between a current electrode lead and a grounding grid is 4D-5D, D is the equivalent maximum diameter of the grounding grid, the potential electrode is positioned between the grounding grid and the current electrode and is 0.5-0.6 times of the distance between the current electrode and the potential electrode, a voltage electrode moves 3 times by taking 5% of the length of the current electrode as a distance, and the error of the measured value of 3 times is considered as a measuring point within 5%. The method has the problems that the potential pole needs to be moved for many times, and due to the influence of electromagnetic coupling caused by the long-distance parallel of the wires, the pilot frequency measuring current injected into the current pole lead can induce pilot frequency voltage on the voltage pole lead, so that the measuring accuracy of the grounding impedance is influenced. Literature' transformer substation grounding grid test evaluation method with shunt coefficientThe method for measuring the state of the grounding grid of the large-scale transformer substation uses a current and voltmeter three-stage method, which is also called an included angle method. Injecting current into the earth grid (G) by means of a current-assisted earth electrode (C) outside the earth grid (G)I 0 Measuring the potential difference between the specified points G and P in the grounding networkU GP And then, the grounding impedance of the grounding network is obtained, and the grounding impedance needs to be corrected because the positions of the voltage electrode and the current electrode are not at an ideal zero potential point at infinity, so that the introduced correction coefficient is used for solving the grounding impedance of the grounding network. The document 'a method for measuring grounding impedance of a ground network for eliminating mutual inductance influence of leads' provides a novel method for measuring grounding impedance of the ground network based on a linear pilot frequency method, provides a specific measuring mode and a specific calculation formula, and proves that the method is accurate and effective through simulation calculation results. The method has the idea that the mutual inductance of the test lead is eliminated by changing the position of the electrode, injecting the pilot frequency current twice, measuring the corresponding voltage and current and using a simultaneous equation. However, the method does not completely eliminate the mutual inductance effect between the test leads, and the impedance of the current pole and the voltage pole also generates certain errors on the measurement of the ground impedance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a device and a method for measuring grounding impedance of a transformer substation grounding grid based on actual measurement and simulation, aiming at the working conditions of various transformer substations, the grounding impedance of a large-scale grounding grid can be simply and accurately measured, and the safe and stable operation of a power system is guaranteed.
The invention has the technical scheme that the method for measuring the grounding impedance of the transformer substation grounding grid based on actual measurement and simulation comprises the following steps of arranging a current pole in soil close to the earth surface near the grounding grid, measuring the total impedance of the grounding grid and the current pole, respectively establishing a grounding grid current field finite element model and a grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, simulating and calculating the grounding grid, the current field and the magnetic field of an electrofluid, obtaining the grounding impedance of the grounding grid after obtaining the resistance ratio and the inductance ratio of the grounding grid and the current pole through simulation and calculation,
step 1: respectively connecting the lead terminals of the grounding network and the current electrode to the two ends of the alternating current voltage source, respectively measuring the voltage waveform of the alternating current voltage source and the current waveform flowing through the grounding network, and calculating to obtain the total electrical impedance valueZs=Rs+j*w*LsWhereinRsIncluding the earth grid resistance and the current pole resistance,Lscomprises a grounding grid inductor and a current pole inductor,wis the angular frequency;
step 2: establishing a grounding grid current field finite element model by adopting finite element software, wherein the grounding grid current field finite element model comprises a current pole region, a grounding grid region and a near-earth soil region; setting the soil resistivity of a soil region close to the ground;
and step 3: setting the current flowing through the grounding grid asI 1 And performing simulation calculation on the grounding grid by using a finite element model of a current field of the grounding grid, and obtaining the voltage of the grounding grid through simulationU 1 And calculating the resistance of the grounding gridR 1 =U 1 /I 1 ；
And 4, step 4: setting the current flowing through the current pole toI 2 And performing simulation calculation on the current pole by using a finite element model of the current field of the grounding grid, and obtaining the voltage of the current pole through simulationU 2 Calculating the resistance of the current poleR 2 =U 2 /I 2 ；
And 5: calculating to obtain the ratio of the resistance of the grounding grid to the total resistance, wherein the ratio of the resistance of the grounding grid to the total resistance isR 1 / (R 1 +R 2 )；
Step 6: establishing a grounding grid magnetic field finite element model by adopting finite element software, wherein the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model comprises a current pole region, a grounding grid region, a near-earth soil region, a far-earth soil region and an air region; respectively setting the relative magnetic permeability of a near ground soil area, a far ground soil area and an air area;
and 7: loading the current distribution of the grounding grid current field finite element model obtained in the step 3 into the grounding grid magnetIn the field finite element model, the grounding grid is subjected to simulation calculation by utilizing the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, and the magnetic field energy in all the domains of the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model is obtained through simulationE 1 And calculating to obtain the inductance of the grounding gridL 1 =2*E 1 /（I 1 *I 1 ）；
And 8: and 4, loading the current distribution of the grounding grid current field finite element model in the step 4 into the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, performing simulation calculation on the current pole by using the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, and simulating to obtain the magnetic field energy in all the domains of the grounding grid magnetic field finite element modelE 2 Calculating the inductance of the current poleL 2 =2*E 2 /（I 2 *I 2 ）；
And step 9: calculating to obtain the ratio of the inductance of the grounding grid to the total inductanceL 1 /(L 1 +L 2 )；
Step 10: calculating to obtain the grounding impedance of the grounding network according to the total electrical impedance value, the ratio of the resistance of the grounding network to the total resistance and the ratio of the inductance of the grounding network to the total inductanceZ= R 1 /(R 1 +R 2 )*Rs+j*w* L 1 /(L 1 +L 2 )*Ls。
Further, the step 2 further comprises the step of setting a zero potential point in the near ground soil area of the grounding grid current field finite element model, and setting the potential of the zero potential point to be 0.
Further, step 6 further comprises setting the relative permeability of the ground grid magnetic field finite element model near earth soil area, far earth soil area and air area to 1.
The grounding grid grounding impedance measuring device adopting the transformer substation grounding grid grounding impedance measuring method based on actual measurement and simulation comprises a current electrode, an alternating current voltage source, current measuring equipment connected with a grounding grid in series, voltage measuring equipment connected with the alternating current voltage source in parallel and a computer storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is run by a processor of the computer, the step 2 and the step 6 of the transformer substation grounding grid grounding impedance measuring method based on actual measurement and simulation are realized, namely a grounding grid current field finite element model and a grounding grid magnetic field finite element model are established; the current pole is arranged in the soil near the grounding grid and close to the ground surface.
Preferably, the current measuring device is an oscilloscope.
Preferably, the voltage measuring device is an oscilloscope.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a transformer substation grounding grid grounding impedance measuring method based on actual measurement and simulation, the resistance ratio and the inductance ratio of the grounding grid and the current electrodes connected in series in the measuring loop are respectively determined through a finite element model, so that the accurate value of the grounding impedance of the grounding grid is determined from the measured total impedance, and a secondary loop does not exist, so that the influence of mutual inductance does not exist, meanwhile, a voltage electrode does not exist, the position of the voltage electrode does not need to be moved for many times, and the measuring times are reduced; the grounding impedance measuring device of the grounding grid is convenient to deploy and easy to operate.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a transformer substation grounding grid grounding impedance measurement method based on actual measurement and simulation.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the grounding grid grounding impedance measuring device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a finite element model of a current field of a grounding grid.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a finite element model of a magnetic field of the grounding grid.
Description of reference numerals: the system comprises a grounding grid 1, a current pole 2, earth soil 3, a current measuring device 4, a voltage measuring device 5, an alternating current voltage source 6, a zero potential point 7, an air area 8 of a finite element model, a grounding grid area 11 of the finite element model, a current pole area 21 of the finite element model, a near earth soil area 31 of the finite element model and a far earth soil area 32 of the finite element model.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, the method for measuring the grounding impedance of the grounding grid of the transformer substation based on actual measurement and simulation comprises the following steps,
step 1: respectively connecting the lead end of the grounding grid 1 and the lead end of the current electrode 2 to the two ends of the alternating current voltage source 6, respectively measuring the voltage waveform of the alternating current voltage source 6 and the current waveform flowing through the grounding grid 1, and calculating to obtain the total electrical impedance valueZs=Rs+j*w* LsWhereinRsComprising a grounding grid 1 resistor and a current pole 2 resistor,Lsincluding the inductance of the earth grid 1 and the inductance of the current pole 2,wis the angular frequency;
step 2: establishing a grounding grid current field finite element model by using COMSOL software, wherein the grounding grid current field finite element model comprises a current pole area 21, a grounding grid area 11 and a near-earth soil area 31 as shown in FIG. 3; setting the soil resistivity of the near-earth soil region 31; setting a zero potential point 7 in a near ground soil area 31 of the finite element model of the grounding grid current field, and setting the potential of the zero potential point 7 to be 0;
and step 3: setting the current flowing through the grounding grid 1 toI 1 Carrying out simulation calculation on the grounding grid 1 by utilizing a finite element model of a current field of the grounding grid, and obtaining the voltage of the grounding grid 1 through simulationU 1 And calculating the resistance of the grounding grid 1R 1 =U 1 /I 1 ；
And 4, step 4: setting the current flowing through the current pole 2 toI 2 The current pole 2 is simulated and calculated by utilizing a finite element model of a current field of the grounding grid, and the voltage of the current pole 2 is obtained through simulationU 2 The resistance of the current pole 2 is calculatedR 2 =U 2 /I 2 ；
And 5: calculating to obtain the ratio of the resistance of the grounding grid 1 to the total resistance, wherein the ratio of the resistance of the grounding grid 1 to the total resistance isR 1 /(R 1 +R 2 )；
Step 6: establishing a grounding grid magnetic field finite element model by adopting COMSOL software, wherein the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model comprises a current pole region 21, a grounding grid region 11, a near ground soil region 31, a far ground soil region 32 and an air region 8 as shown in FIG. 4; setting the relative permeability of the ground grid magnetic field finite element model near-to-ground soil area 31, far-to-ground soil area 32 and air area 8 as 1;
and 7: loading the current distribution of the grounding grid current field finite element model obtained in the step 3 into the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, carrying out simulation calculation on the grounding grid 1 by using the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, and simulating to obtain the magnetic field energy in all the domains of the grounding grid magnetic field finite element modelE 1 And calculating to obtain the inductance of the grounding grid 1L 1 =2*E 1 /（I 1 *I 1 ）；
And 8: loading the current distribution of the grounding grid current field finite element model obtained in the step 4 into the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, performing simulation calculation on the current electrode 2 by using the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, and simulating to obtain the magnetic field energy in all the domains of the grounding grid magnetic field finite element modelE 2 And calculating the inductance of the current pole 2L 2 =2*E 2 /（I 2 *I 2 ）；
And step 9: calculating to obtain the ratio of the inductance of the grounding grid 1 to the total inductanceL 1 /(L 1 +L 2 )；
Step 10: calculating to obtain the grounding impedance resistance of the grounding grid 1 according to the total electrical impedance value, the ratio of the resistance of the grounding grid 1 to the total resistance and the ratio of the inductance of the grounding grid 1 to the total inductanceZ= R 1 /(R 1 +R 2 )*Rs+j*w* L 1 /(L 1 +L 2 )*Ls。
As shown in fig. 2, the grounding grid ground impedance measuring device adopting the method comprises a current electrode 2, an alternating current voltage source 6, a first oscilloscope 4 connected in series with a grounding grid 1, a second oscilloscope 5 connected in parallel with the alternating current voltage source, and a computer storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor of the computer, step 2 and step 6 of the transformer substation grounding grid ground impedance measuring method based on actual measurement and simulation are realized, namely a grounding grid current field finite element model and a grounding grid magnetic field finite element model are established; the current pole 2 is arranged in the soil 3 near the earth grid 1 near the earth surface. The first oscilloscope 4 is used for measuring the waveform of the current flowing through the grounding grid 1, and the second oscilloscope 5 is used for measuring the waveform of the voltage of the alternating voltage source 6.
The grounding network grounding impedance measuring device of the embodiment has no secondary loop, so that the device has no mutual inductance influence, has no voltage pole at the same time, does not need to move the position of the voltage pole for multiple times, reduces the measuring times, only needs 1 measurement to obtain the current waveform flowing through the grounding network and the voltage waveform of the alternating current voltage source, determines the total impedance of the measuring loop, respectively determines the resistance ratio and the inductance ratio of the grounding network and the current pole connected in series in the measuring loop through a finite element model, and accordingly determines the accurate value of the grounding network grounding impedance from the measured total impedance.
Claims (7)
1. The method for measuring the grounding impedance of the transformer substation grounding network based on actual measurement and simulation is characterized in that a current pole is arranged in soil close to the earth surface near the grounding network, the total impedance of the grounding network and the current pole is measured, a grounding network current field finite element model and a grounding network magnetic field finite element model are respectively established, the grounding network, the current field and the magnetic field of an electrofluid are simulated and calculated, the grounding impedance of the grounding network is calculated after the resistance ratio and the inductance ratio of the grounding network and the current pole are obtained through simulation and calculation, and the method for measuring the grounding impedance of the transformer substation grounding network based on the actual measurement and simulation comprises the following steps,
step 1: respectively connecting the lead ends of the grounding grid and the current electrode to the two ends of an alternating current voltage source, respectively measuring the voltage waveform of the alternating current voltage source and the current waveform flowing through the grounding grid, and calculating to obtain an overall impedance value;
step 2: establishing a grounding grid current field finite element model by adopting finite element software, wherein the grounding grid current field finite element model comprises a current pole region, a grounding grid region and a near-earth soil region; setting the soil resistivity of a soil region close to the ground;
and step 3: setting current flowing through the grounding grid, performing simulation calculation on the grounding grid by using a grounding grid current field finite element model, simulating to obtain voltage of the grounding grid, and calculating to obtain resistance of the grounding grid;
and 4, step 4: setting current flowing through a current pole, performing simulation calculation on the current pole by using a grounding grid current field finite element model, simulating to obtain voltage of the current pole, and calculating to obtain resistance of the current pole;
and 5: calculating to obtain the ratio of the resistance of the grounding grid to the total resistance;
step 6: establishing a grounding grid magnetic field finite element model by adopting finite element software, wherein the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model comprises a current pole region, a grounding grid region, a near-earth soil region, a far-earth soil region and an air region;
and 7: loading the current distribution of the grounding grid current field finite element model obtained in the step (3) into the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, carrying out simulation calculation on the grounding grid by using the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, simulating to obtain magnetic field energy in all the domains of the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, and calculating to obtain the inductance of the grounding grid;
and 8: loading the current distribution of the grounding grid current field finite element model obtained in the step 4 into the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, performing simulation calculation on the current pole by using the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, simulating to obtain magnetic field energy in all the domains of the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model, and calculating to obtain the inductance of the current pole;
and step 9: calculating to obtain the ratio of the inductance of the grounding grid to the total inductance;
step 10: and calculating to obtain the grounding impedance of the grounding network according to the total electrical impedance value, the ratio of the resistance of the grounding network to the total resistance and the ratio of the inductance of the grounding network to the total inductance.
2. The method for measuring grounding impedance of transformer substation grounding grid based on actual measurement and simulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein step 2 further comprises setting a zero potential point in the near ground soil area of the finite element model of the grounding grid current field and setting the potential of the zero potential point to 0.
3. The method for measuring the grounding impedance of the transformer substation grounding grid based on the actual measurement and simulation of the claim 1, wherein the step 6 further comprises setting the relative permeability of the grounding grid magnetic field finite element model to 1 in the relative permeability of the near ground soil area, the far ground soil area and the air area.
4. The method for measuring grounding impedance of transformer substation grounding grid based on actual measurement and simulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total resistance calculated in step 1 isZs=Rs+j*w*LsWhereinRsIncluding the earth grid resistance and the current pole resistance,Lscomprises a grounding grid inductor and a current pole inductor,wis the angular frequency;
step 10 calculated grounding grid grounding impedanceZ= R 1 /(R 1 +R 2 )*Rs+j*w* L 1 /(L 1 +L 2 )*Ls；
WhereinR 1 The resistance of the grounding grid is obtained through simulation and calculation in the step 3;R 2 simulating and calculating the resistance of the current pole obtained in the step 4;L 1 obtaining the inductance of the grounding grid through simulation and calculation in the step 7;L 2 and (4) simulating and calculating the inductance of the current pole obtained in the step 8.
5. The grounding grid grounding impedance measuring device adopting the transformer substation grounding grid grounding impedance measuring method based on actual measurement and simulation as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, which is used for measuring the grounding impedance of a grounding grid, and is characterized by comprising a current electrode, an alternating current voltage source, a current measuring device connected in series with the grounding grid, a voltage measuring device connected in parallel with the alternating current voltage source, and a computer storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is run by a processor of the computer, the steps 2 and 6 of the transformer substation grounding grid grounding impedance measuring method based on actual measurement and simulation are realized, namely a grounding grid current field finite element model and a grounding grid magnetic field finite element model are established; the current pole is arranged in the soil near the grounding grid and close to the ground surface.
6. The grounding grid grounding impedance measuring device of claim 5, wherein the current measuring equipment is an oscilloscope.
7. The grounding grid grounding impedance measuring device of claim 5, wherein the voltage measuring equipment is an oscilloscope.
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Application publication date: 20200417 Assignee: Hubei Feiou Commercial Management Co.,Ltd. Assignor: CHINA THREE GORGES University Contract record no.: X2023980045280 Denomination of invention: Method and device for measuring grounding impedance of substation grounding network based on actual measurement and simulation Granted publication date: 20210928 License type: Common License Record date: 20231102 |