CN106154047A - A kind of measuring method of Resistance of Grounding Grids - Google Patents
A kind of measuring method of Resistance of Grounding Grids Download PDFInfo
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- CN106154047A CN106154047A CN201610453480.6A CN201610453480A CN106154047A CN 106154047 A CN106154047 A CN 106154047A CN 201610453480 A CN201610453480 A CN 201610453480A CN 106154047 A CN106154047 A CN 106154047A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/20—Measuring earth resistance; Measuring contact resistance, e.g. of earth connections, e.g. plates
- G01R27/205—Measuring contact resistance of connections, e.g. of earth connections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/08—Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses the measuring method of a kind of Resistance of Grounding Grids, comprise the following steps: measurement loop, voltage pole and auxiliary current pole are set；Measure the potential difference between distance and voltage pole and the grounded screen between voltage pole and auxiliary current pole；According to distance and potential difference, method of least square is used to try to achieve the optimized parameter of analytical function；Optimized parameter and analytical function is utilized to calculate grounding resistance.It is distributed by measuring auxiliary current electrode potential, analytic sensitivity in conjunction with auxiliary current electrode potential, method of least square is used to be fitted error analysis and the parameter selection of result, determine that Potential distribution curve is surveyed in auxiliary current pole, simultaneously, the landing to grounded screen current potential to be measured of the auxiliary current electrode potential is compensated out, it is thus achieved that the exact value that grounded screen earth potential rises such that it is able to try to achieve earth resistance more accurately in experiment curv.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to earth resistance short distance measurement technical field, particularly relate to the measurement of a kind of Resistance of Grounding Grids
Method.
Background technology
Power plant, the earth resistance of transformer station refer to that earth current is in substation grounding conductor networks is flowed into the earth
Time, the resistance that earth conductor network is presented.Earth resistance reflects power system lightning protection, protective grounding and working earthing
Level and ability, be directly connected to the safe and reliable operation of power system.Measurement to earth resistance can be to power plant, change
The design objective of power station Resistance of Grounding Grids, engineering construction, operation conditions carry out an acceptance inspection and assess, it is ensured that the peace of power system
Full reliability service.Therefore, the measurement to earth resistance is an important experiment with measuring in power system.
In prior art, substation grounding resistance is measured to the measuring method generally using distance earth resistance,
Long it is easily caused that measurement workload is big, requirements for power supply power is more high asks owing to distance ground resistance measurement method going between
Topic, the most general employing short distance ground resistance measurement method.Short distance ground resistance measurement method i.e. uses two-point method to measure
All-in resistance, the earth resistance of three grades of methods measurement auxiliary electrodes of employing in ground, and in land used, all-in resistance deducts connecing of auxiliary current pole
Earth resistance, thus obtain a kind of measuring method of the earth resistance of grounded screen.
But, when grounded screen periphery carries out the measurement of backflow pole earth resistance, it is easily subject to grounded screen imbalance and enters ground
Electric current and the impact of grounded screen metallic conductor Resistive Coupling so that measurement result is inaccurate, additionally, due to the fall of auxiliary current pole
Hindering limited in one's ability, the earth resistance of general auxiliary current pole is much larger than the earth resistance of grounded screen, so that auxiliary current pole
The measurement error of earth resistance has a strong impact on the accuracy of Resistance of Grounding Grids measurement result to be measured.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides the measuring method of a kind of Resistance of Grounding Grids, of the prior art short to solve
The problem relatively low away from measurement result accuracy.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the embodiment of the invention discloses following technical scheme:
The invention provides the measuring method of a kind of Resistance of Grounding Grids, comprise the following steps:
Measurement loop, voltage pole and auxiliary current pole are set；
Measure between the distance between described voltage pole and described auxiliary current pole and described voltage pole and grounded screen
Potential difference；
According to described distance and described potential difference, method of least square is used to try to achieve the optimized parameter of analytical function；
Described optimized parameter and analytical function is utilized to calculate grounding resistance.
Preferably, described employing method of least square tries to achieve the optimized parameter of analytical function, including:
By potential difference described in each group with distance all bring analytical function y=k/x+b into, wherein, y is potential difference, x be away from
From；
Method of least square is used to try to achieve each group of potential difference parameter k corresponding with distance and the value of b；
Calculate the sum of square of deviations that parameter k described in each group is corresponding with the value of b, and judge that described parameter k is corresponding with the value of b
Sum of square of deviations the most minimum；
When the sum of square of deviations minimum that described parameter k is corresponding with the value of b, determine that the value of described parameter k and b is optimum ginseng
Number.
Preferably, described described optimized parameter and analytical function is utilized to calculate grounding resistance, including:
Grounded screen potential rise is calculated according to described analytical function；
Described grounding resistance is calculated according to described potential rise.
Preferably, the sum of square of deviations that parameter k described in each group of described calculating is corresponding with the value of b, including:
Bring the value of potential difference described in each group with distance and corresponding parameter k and b into sum of square of deviations function to calculate
Show that described sum of square of deviations, described sum of square of deviations function areWherein, y is current potential
Difference, x is distance.
Preferably, described setting measures loop, voltage pole and auxiliary current pole, including:
Choosing setpoint distance and arrange the auxiliary current pole in parallel of four electrodes, the most each described auxiliary current pole span is from connecing
The centre of form of earth mat is 1m；
Current measurement lead-in wire is set between described auxiliary current pole, constitutes and measure loop；
Choose the direction vertical with described measurement loop and voltage pole is set.
Preferably, described auxiliary current pole and the 1.5-5 that distance is described grounded screen catercorner length of described grounded screen
Times.
From above technical scheme, the measuring method of the Resistance of Grounding Grids that the embodiment of the present invention provides, by surveying
Amount auxiliary current electrode potential distribution, in conjunction with the analytic sensitivity of auxiliary current electrode potential, uses method of least square to be fitted
The error analysis of result and parameter select, and determine that Potential distribution curve is surveyed in auxiliary current pole, compensate in experiment curv meanwhile
Go out the landing to grounded screen current potential to be measured of the auxiliary current electrode potential, it is thus achieved that the exact value that grounded screen earth potential rises such that it is able to
Try to achieve earth resistance more accurately.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
In having technology to describe, the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, for those of ordinary skill in the art
Speech, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
The schematic flow sheet of the measuring method of a kind of Resistance of Grounding Grids that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention；
The schematic flow sheet of the measuring method of the another kind of Resistance of Grounding Grids that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention；
The measurement apparatus structural representation of a kind of Resistance of Grounding Grids that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention；
The structural representation of a kind of auxiliary current pole that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention；
Illustrate:
1-grounded screen, 2-auxiliary current pole.
Detailed description of the invention
For the technical scheme making those skilled in the art be more fully understood that in the present invention, real below in conjunction with the present invention
Execute the accompanying drawing in example, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described enforcement
Example is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, this area is common
The every other embodiment that technical staff is obtained under not making creative work premise, all should belong to present invention protection
Scope.
See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the measurement of a kind of Resistance of Grounding Grids that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
The schematic flow sheet of method, the flow process of the measuring method of the another kind of Resistance of Grounding Grids that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram, the measurement apparatus structural representation of a kind of Resistance of Grounding Grids that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 4 is this
The structural representation of a kind of auxiliary current pole that inventive embodiments provides.
As it is shown in figure 1, the measuring method of the Resistance of Grounding Grids of embodiment of the present invention offer, comprise the following steps:
Step S100, arranges measurement loop, voltage pole and auxiliary current pole.
Concrete, as it is shown on figure 3, the measurement apparatus structure of a kind of Resistance of Grounding Grids provided for the embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram, wherein, 1 is grounded screen, and 2 is auxiliary current pole.The method arranged can be arranged according to field condition and be measured loop, electric current
The length measuring loop is typically chosen 1.5-5 times of grounded screen catercorner length.
The position of auxiliary current pole should choose that soil is relatively flat, vegetal cover is less and without the open area of underground piping
Territory, uses rectangular arrangement mode arrange auxiliary current pole and connect earth polar.As shown in Figure 4, provided for the embodiment of the present invention
Planting the structural representation of auxiliary current pole, auxiliary current pole uses four earthing poles, arranges the auxiliary current in parallel of four electrodes
Pole, the centre of form being formed into grounded screen is the square earthing pole of 1m.
Arranging current feed between auxiliary current pole, constitute and measure loop, the setting of voltage pole is then chosen and measures back
The direction that road is vertical, such as the position of distance auxiliary current pole 3m-10m, interval 1m arranges voltage pole, measures voltage difference, and
The position of distance auxiliary current pole 10m-20m, interval 2m arranges voltage pole, measures voltage difference.
Meanwhile, when arranging voltage pole, measure along road potential drop curve, use single earthing pole ground connection, injection current,
Thus calculate equivalence soil resistivity.
Step S200, measures the distance between described voltage pole and described auxiliary current pole and described voltage pole and ground connection
Potential difference between net.
Measuring method is three electrode method, i.e. arranges at grounded screen downlead and measures Current injection points, away from grounded screen pair
Arrange auxiliary current pole at the equivalent distances of diagonal length 4-5 times, use test cable to constitute current loop.So measure, can
It is intact for making the Potential distribution curve in this region aids electric current pole, so that measurement result is more accurate.
Step S300, according to this distance and potential difference, uses method of least square to try to achieve the optimized parameter of analytical function.
Concrete, the step of the optimized parameter that employing method of least square tries to achieve analytical function includes:
Step S301, all brings in analytical function y=k/x+b by each group of potential difference with distance, and wherein, y is potential difference,
X is the voltage pole distance to center, auxiliary current pole.
With analytical function y=k/x+b for target equation, each group of potential difference is all brought in target equation, i.e. with distance
Available a series of equation.
Step S302, uses method of least square to try to achieve the value of each group of potential difference parameter k corresponding with distance and b.
This series of equation employing method of least square is tried to achieve its corresponding parameter k and the value of b.
Step S303, calculates the sum of square of deviations that each group of parameter k is corresponding with the value of b, and judges the value of this parameter k and b
Corresponding sum of square of deviations is the most minimum.
Wherein, calculate the sum of square of deviations corresponding to value of each group of parameter k and b, including, by each group of potential difference with away from
From and the value of parameter k of correspondence and b bring sum of square of deviations function into and calculate sum of square of deviations, sum of square of deviations function isWherein, y is potential difference, and x is the voltage pole distance to the center of auxiliary current pole.
Step S304, when the sum of square of deviations minimum that parameter k is corresponding with the value of b, determines that the value of parameter k and b is optimum
Parameter.
When sum of square of deviations minimum corresponding to the value of parameter k and b, now, the value of k and b is required analytical function
Optimized parameter.
Step S400, utilizes optimized parameter and analytical function to calculate grounding resistance.
Concrete, after obtaining optimized parameter k and b, i.e. can get analytical function, utilize analytical function can calculate ground connection
The potential rise of net, by R=U/I, can be calculated the grounding resistance of grounded screen according to potential rise.
For above measuring method, it is described in detail from measuring principle below.
When the grounding resistance measurement carrying out power plants and station grounded screen is tested, commonly used three electrode method measuring principle is carried out
Test wiring and measurement.I.e. arrange at grounded screen downlead and measure Current injection points, (D is ground connection away from grounded screen 4-5D
Net cornerwise length) equivalent diameter distance layout auxiliary current pole, use test cable to constitute current loop.Due in test
While electric current injects grounded screen, an equal amount of test electric current is had to flow out auxiliary current pole, according to circuit theory by its equivalence
Flow into for equivalent negative current.Therefore test electric current passes through grounded screen and auxiliary current pole in ground during diffusing, with heart-shaped in being respectively
Become the areas of high potential that two polarities of potentials are contrary, and declined with the exponentially rule of the distance to grounding device center.Greatly
Amount experimental data and theory analysis obtain, and beyond distance grounded screen 1.5D-2D scope, the electric potential gradient that grounded screen produces is very
Low, surface potential is slow downward trend, and 30-50m scope surface potential can be equivalent to steady state value c in its vicinity.Therefore, will
Auxiliary current pole is arranged at distance grounded screen 1.5D-2D scope, and the situation of now surface potential distribution is at auxiliary current
Superposition one constant potential on the basis of electrode potential curve.And then the Potential distribution curve in this area measure auxiliary current pole is complete
Lossless.
Owing to the surface potential of three electrode method is distributed as grounded screen current potential and the superposition of auxiliary current electrode potential, therefore by right
The measurement of surface potential distribution, if it is possible to restore a wherein Potential distribution curve, it is possible to find grounding resistance measurement
Zero-potential point and accurately grounded screen earth potential rise high voltage, thus try to achieve Resistance of Grounding Grids value accurately
Different grounded screen shapes and design parameter difference are very big, are therefore difficult to find and meet the general of accuracy requirement
Potential calculation analytic formula.But auxiliary current extremely operator's site layout project, therefore arranges the standard that analytic formula determines
Auxiliary current pole, its Calculation of Potential Distribution value is and actual Potential distribution situation one_to_one corresponding.To actual Potential distribution feelings
Condition measures, and uses Potential distribution analytic formula to carry out the most optimized parameter calculating, can obtain auxiliary current pole accurately
Potential distribution analytical function, it is achieved the reduction to auxiliary current electrode potential curve.
Can be obtained by theory analysis before, the current potentialization produced by grounded screen diffusing at 1.5D-2D is slow, little model
Enclose inner potential and can regard constant c as, therefore also tackle it and compensate.According to the reciprocity theorem of electromagnetic field, between two grounding device
Mutual impedance be constant, under thus like electric current, grounded screen current potential at auxiliary current pole and auxiliary current pole are in grounded screen
The voltage drop caused is equal.Therefore the part that the earth potential that current potential c is grounded screen rises, it is modified, i.e. can be connect
The potential rise high voltage practically of earth mat.Thus it has been compensated the accurate grounding resistance of auxiliary current pole impact.
Arrangement and the analytic formula thereof of standard auxiliary current pole are most important.Through frequently with circular rod electrode such as in engineering
Galvanized steel, reinforcing bar are as earthing pole.A length of 0.6m-2m.Being r by radius, the round bar shape earthing pole of a length of l vertically imbeds ground
In, and the upper end of rod flushes with ground.According to image method principle, can calculate the current potential of arbitrfary point on ground is:
As the most a length of 0.6-2m of round bar shape auxiliary current, their Potential distribution and the Potential distribution curve of point source
It is substantially and is completely superposed.2m typically it is no more than due to the round bar shape auxiliary current pole length used in engineering survey, because of
This can be analyzed with this and calculate using selected point power supply as auxiliary current pole equivalent model, i.e.
Meanwhile, when carrying out grounding resistance measurement, in order to reduce the earth resistance of auxiliary current pole, generally require employing many
The mode of root vertical grounding electrode parallel connection is arranged.Same simulation analysis is used to can be calculated, at many earthing poles and link ground
In the case of, at a distance of one meter, angle 90 degree arranges that four earthing poles can use above-mentioned formula to calculate equally.
The surface potential distribution formula that auxiliary current pole diffusing produces is:X is observation station distance auxiliary current pole
Distance, orderThe data utilizing voltage pole to measure are all voltage, it is considered to grounded screen auxiliary current extremely near produce
Current potential c, therefore the actual potential at auxiliary current pole is:
And the potential difference at voltage lead two ends, scene is with decanting point current potential as u10+u20The voltage difference of zero reference point, wherein
u10Potential rise during diffusing independent for grounded screen, u20The current potential produced in grounded screen for auxiliary current electrode current.According to electromagnetic field
Reciprocity theorem, between grounded screen and backflow pole, mutual impedance is equal, so each other in the other side position during the two independent diffusing
The current potential produced is equal in magnitude, and symbol is contrary.I.e.L is for measuring current feed total length.Therefore on-the-spot voltage
Two ends, pole actual measurement voltage is:
During in-site measurement, measure point 1,2,3,4,5 as being disposed about voltage pole in auxiliary current pole ... n etc..Measurement obtains
Potential difference Δ u1, Δ u2, Δ u3, Δ u4, Δ u5…Δun, it is assumed that above-mentioned measurement point is u for the actual potential of infinite point1,
u2, u3, u4, u5…un, then Δ un=un-(u10+u20), obtaining n group measured value (n=1,2,3 ... N) by in-site measurement, x is electricity
Pressure pole for measuring voltage, uses its analytical function formula as target equation to the distance at center, auxiliary current pole, y.Use
Little square law carries out analytical function optimized parameter and solves.Under method of least square meaning, determine that parameter k and b make sum of square of deviations
Minimum:Make k=k(0)+Δk；B=b(0)+Δb。k(0)、b(0)For k, b preset at the beginning of
Value.
By f, (k, b) at k(0)、b(0)Expansion in Taylor series, the higher order term omitting more than secondary obtains:
Order
Q is made to take minimum under least square meaning, respectively to k(0)、b(0)Seeking local derviation, making it is zero, to obtain final product:
When approximation k(0)、b(0), observation ynGive timing, Δ k, Δ b can be solved, thus obtain k(1)、b(1)。
When Δ k, Δ b are unsatisfactory for required precision, use current k(1)、b(1)Repeat above-mentioned calculating, so iterate
Until Δ k, Δ b meet the allowable error of calculating, k now(t)、b(t)It is the optimized parameter (k of required analytical function(t)、b(t)
Parameter k and the value of b when being to repeat for the t time).
After trying to achieve parameter, make x=0.5l i.e. can get grounded screen and compensate for the potential rise truly of auxiliary current pole impact
Height, thus obtain the earth resistance of grounded screenWherein
From above technical scheme, the measuring method of the Resistance of Grounding Grids that the embodiment of the present invention provides, by surveying
Amount auxiliary current electrode potential distribution, in conjunction with the analytic sensitivity of auxiliary current electrode potential, uses method of least square to be fitted
The error analysis of result and parameter select, and determine that Potential distribution curve is surveyed in auxiliary current pole, compensate in experiment curv meanwhile
Go out the landing to grounded screen current potential to be measured of the auxiliary current electrode potential, it is thus achieved that the exact value that grounded screen earth potential rises such that it is able to
Try to achieve earth resistance more accurately.
It should be noted that in this article, such as the relational terms of " first " and " second " or the like is used merely to one
Individual entity or operation separate with another entity or operating space, and not necessarily require or imply these entities or operate it
Between exist any this reality relation or order.And, term " includes ", " comprising " or its any other variant are intended to
Contain comprising of nonexcludability, so that include that the process of a series of key element, method, article or equipment not only include those
Key element, but also include other key elements being not expressly set out, or also include for this process, method, article or set
Standby intrinsic key element.In the case of there is no more restriction, statement " including ... " key element limited, it is not excluded that
Other identical element is there is also in including the process of described key element, method, article or equipment.
The above is only the detailed description of the invention of the present invention, makes to skilled artisans appreciate that or realize this
Bright.Multiple amendment to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can realize without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein and features of novelty phase one
The widest scope caused.
Claims (6)
1. the measuring method of a Resistance of Grounding Grids, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Measurement loop, voltage pole and auxiliary current pole are set；
Measure the current potential between the distance between described voltage pole and described auxiliary current pole and described voltage pole and grounded screen
Difference；
According to described distance and described potential difference, method of least square is used to try to achieve the optimized parameter of analytical function；
Described optimized parameter and analytical function is utilized to calculate grounding resistance.
The measuring method of Resistance of Grounding Grids the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described employing least square
Method tries to achieve the optimized parameter of analytical function, including:
All bringing potential difference described in each group into analytical function y=k/x+b with distance, wherein, y is potential difference, and x is distance；
Method of least square is used to try to achieve each group of potential difference parameter k corresponding with distance and the value of b；
Calculate the sum of square of deviations that parameter k described in each group is corresponding with the value of b, and judge inclined corresponding with the value of b of described parameter k
Difference quadratic sum is the most minimum；
When the sum of square of deviations minimum that described parameter k is corresponding with the value of b, determine that the value of described parameter k and b is optimized parameter.
The measuring method of Resistance of Grounding Grids the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described utilize described optimum
Parameter and analytical function calculate grounding resistance, including:
Grounded screen potential rise is calculated according to described analytical function；
Described grounding resistance is calculated according to described potential rise.
The measuring method of Resistance of Grounding Grids the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that each group of institute of described calculating
State the sum of square of deviations that parameter k is corresponding with the value of b, including:
Bring the value of potential difference described in each group with distance and corresponding parameter k and b into sum of square of deviations function to calculate
Described sum of square of deviations, described sum of square of deviations function isWherein, y is potential difference, x
For distance.
The measuring method of Resistance of Grounding Grids the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described setting is measured back
Road, voltage pole and auxiliary current pole, including:
Choosing setpoint distance and arrange the auxiliary current pole in parallel of four electrodes, the most each described auxiliary current pole span is from grounded screen
The centre of form be 1m；
Current measurement lead-in wire is set between described auxiliary current pole, constitutes and measure loop；
Choose the direction vertical with described measurement loop and voltage pole is set.
The measuring method of Resistance of Grounding Grids the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described auxiliary current pole with
The distance of described grounded screen is 1.5-5 times of described grounded screen catercorner length.
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| CN107843784A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-03-27 | 国网陕西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of large-scale grounding network high frequency characteristics method of testing to be flowed back using earth mat |
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| CN110108948A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-08-09 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | A kind of ground resistance short distance measurement method and system with compensating approach |
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| CN110879312A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-13 | 余振邦 | Method and device for measuring grounding impedance |
| CN111025024A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-17 | 三峡大学 | Method and device for measuring grounding impedance of transformer substation grounding grid based on actual measurement and simulation |
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| CN112505431A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-03-16 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Method and device for determining mutual inductance coupling component between grounding impedance test lines |
| CN113866505A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-31 | 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 | Grounding grid on-resistance measurement and grounding grid state evaluation method and system |
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