CN105954594A - Novel grounding network grounding resistance inverse short-distance measurement method and apparatus - Google Patents
Novel grounding network grounding resistance inverse short-distance measurement method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel grounding network grounding resistance inverse short-distance measurement method and apparatus and provides a grounding network grounding resistance inverse short-distance measurement method and apparatus, for solving the problems of long lead wire, large mutual inductance, small effective signals and the like in conventional grounding network grounding resistance measurement. A current lead wire is shortened to 2D to 2.5D, a voltage lead wire is connected with an auxiliary current electrode and a voltage electrode, and through measurement of ground potential distribution distanced 3 to 20m away from the auxiliary current electrode and combination with an analysis calculation formula of potential of the auxiliary current electrode, a potential distribution formula of the auxiliary current electrode is calculated. Through combination with loop voltage reduction and ground potential distribution rules, ground potential rise of a grounding network and grounding resistance of the grounding network are obtained. The measurement apparatus mainly comprises a different-frequency power supply, a host, a mobile voltage measurement module, a standard auxiliary current electrode, the current lead wire, the voltage lead wire and a combined auxiliary voltage electrode. The grounding resistance measurement method and apparatus have the advantages of short measurement lead wires, small mutual inductance influences, large effective signals, high anti-interference capability, accurate measurement positioning, fast and convenient measurement and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Grounding Technology of Modern Power System field, particularly to grounding resistance of transformer substation grounding net short distance measurement method and survey
Amount device.
Background technology
Along with construction and the expansion of electrical network scale of extra-high voltage grade transmission system, the quantity of ultra-large load-center substation is increasingly
Many, the size of its grounded screen the farthest surpasses 10 years front levels.Load-center substation plays system for ultra-high voltage transmission energy in electrical network
Send and ensure the important function of society's power supply, its grounded screen performance reliable to ensureing that China electric power safety is significant.
Earth resistance is the important indicator of assessment grounded screen performance.It is important and long-term that grounding resistance measurement work is that power train unifies item
Experiment with measuring.Purpose is power plant, the design objective of grounding resistance of transformer substation grounding net, engineering construction, operation conditions
Carry out an acceptance inspection and assess, to guarantee the safe and reliable ground connection of power system.Power industry standard DL/T475-2006 " grounding device
Characterisitic parameter measures directive/guide " in highlight the earth resistance requirement of transformer station grounding network especially, and give concrete survey
Electricity testing device parameter recommendation.The existing ground resistance measurement method of China is mainly long line method, needs when measuring to arrange grounded screen etc.
Effect diameter 4～5 times of measurement of length lead-in wires.Due to ultra-large type transformer station, the significantly expansion of station grounding network planning mould, existing measurement
The measurement difficulty of method and workload also significantly improve.In addition, it is contemplated that the large-scale grounding network quantity that electrical network needs detection every year is many
Many, workload is huge, and traditional measurement method has been difficult in adapt to current operation maintenance demand.Therefore, exploitation is badly in need of in power system
New ground resistance measurement method and measurement apparatus.
Tradition ground resistance measurement method rises as measurement object using grounded screen earth potential, using zero-potential point or compensation point as electricity
Potential reference point, measures and then obtains the earth resistance of grounded screen.Accurately calculating positioning potentials reference point is traditional measurement method
Difficult point, be also to measure lead-in wire to be difficult to the reason that shortens all the time.
Measuring the mutual voltage existed between lead-in wire is the long key factor away from measurement method accuracy of impact tradition.Mutual voltage is with same
Being directly proportional to wire length, go between the longest, mutual voltage is the biggest.And mutual voltage is difficult to effectively eliminate all the time.In view of ground connection
The earth resistance of net is the least, about about 0.5 Ω, therefore, it is possible to the earth potential liter amplitude measuring the grounded screen obtained is less.Cause
This bigger mutual voltage is the biggest on the impact of conventional forward measuring method accuracy of measurement.
Large-scale substation equipment is various, and electromagnetic environment is complicated.Power frequency electromagnetic field can produce induced voltage, power transformation on measurement lead-in wire
The earth current stood in running will form epd through earth mat diffusing.Above-mentioned influence factor is at transformer station
Impact maximum is less away from transformer station's impact.
In conventional forward measuring method, in addition to measuring lead-in wire and arranging that workload is heavy, measurement apparatus also needs possess the strongest resisting and does
Disturbing ability, require higher to the technology of measurement apparatus, cost is bigger.Existing measurement apparatus can be by lead-in wire mutual inductance, electromagnetic interference
Impact.Existing earth resistance metering device such as " a kind of novel intelligent frequency conversion big current earthing resistance measuring instrument ", uses frequency conversion
The measuring method of-frequency-selecting, injects the big electric current of sine wave AC of 45-55Hz to grounded screen, and then frequency-selecting is measured, and can realize at height
The earth resistance of grounded screen is measured under the strong interference environment of buckling power station.Existing apparatus is to strengthen output electric current and to improve filtering performance
Improve the signal to noise ratio between useful signal amplitude and useful signal and transformer station's electromagnetic interference signal.But existing grounding device cannot solve
Certainly measure the mutual inductance impact on measurement result between lead-in wire.
In Grounding Resistance Measurement, length, mutual inductance and electromagnetic interference influence is gone between greatly, effectively for conventional forward measuring method
The problem that signal is little, this patent discloses a kind of Resistance of Grounding Grids reverse short distance measurement method.This reverse short distance measurement method
Using the extremely neighbouring ground potential distribution of electric current as measurement index.Current feed contraction in length can be 2D～2.5D by this measuring method,
Save workload more than half, can be used for grounded screen especially large-scale grounding network grounding resistance measurement work.Reverse short distance measurement
Method owing to the measurement of electric current pole ground potential is not upgraded to potential reference point with grounded screen earth potential, the voltage that is not arranged side by side, electric current
Measure lead-in wire.It is thus eliminated that the condition that mutual voltage produces, mutual inductance impact is minimum.Reverse short distance measurement device is surveyed for reverse
The in-site measurement of metering method.Due to electric current extremely near measure, it is to avoid grounded screen interference and out-of-balance current are to measuring electricity
The impact of pressure.Measuring object is the extremely neighbouring ground potential of electric current, measures signal amplitude pressure value very big, and therefore capacity of resisting disturbance is the strongest.
Owing to when carrying out reverse short distance measurement, also there is significant change in measurement apparatus structure, to the measuring method of existing apparatus and
The problem that structure is not met by the needs of reverse short distance measurement.For the short distance measurement method particular/special requirement to equipment, this patent
Disclose a kind of reverse short distance measurement device.Have measurement lead-in wire short, without mutual inductance impact, capacity of resisting disturbance is strong, measurement and positioning is accurate
Really, certainty of measurement is high, measure fast and convenient feature.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of Resistance of Grounding Grids reverse short distance measurement method and device, for during grounded screen short distance measurement pair
The particular/special requirement of measurement apparatus, designs the device of a kind of Novel connecting ground network ground resistance short distance measurement.This grounding resistance measurement side
Method and device have measurement lead-in wire short, without mutual inductance impact, capacity of resisting disturbance is strong, measurement and positioning is accurate, certainty of measurement is high, measurement
Fast and convenient feature.
1) measuring method of the present invention can effectively shorten a length of the 2～2.5D of grounding resistance measurement lead-in wire, it is achieved Grounding
The short distance of resistance is measured, and is simultaneously applicable to the situation measuring wire length more than 2.5D；
2) Mutual Inductance Coupling that when this invention removes grounding resistance measurement, voltage pole, current electrode lead long anomaly row cause, eliminates
The impact of lead-in wire mutual inductance；
3) present invention decreases the interference to measuring of transformer station's electromagnetic environment；
The measuring method of the present invention is Resistance of Grounding Grids reverse short distance measurement method, and its ultimate principle is: in grounded screen and auxiliary
Helping layout current loop between electric current pole, length 2D～2.5D, voltmeter lead-in wire connects auxiliary current pole and voltage pole.Owing to connecing
The current potential component amplitude that earth mat produces at electric current pole is less, and electric potential gradient can be ignored, therefore by measuring near region, electric current pole
Ground potential distribution, can obtain the function expression of the ground potential distribution that electric current pole produces.In conjunction with loop pressure drop, can be in the hope of
Obtain the earth potential liter of grounded screen.According to analytic formula, compensating auxiliary current extremely affects grounded screen current potential, thus obtains ground connection entoilage
The exact value of potential rise, obtains the earth resistance of grounded screen by being divided by with measurement electric current.
Its measuring principle is described as follows:
Resistance of Grounding Grids is measured electric current and is flowed into from grounded screen, flows out from electric current pole, forms positive and negative two electric fields.Normally grounded
Net can use hemisphere earthing pole to carry out equivalence, and equivalent condition is about distance grounded screen 2D.Electric current extremely can be equivalent to an electric current
Source, Study on Numerical Simulation shows, beyond center, electric current pole 3～4m, the simulation result of electric current electrode potential distribution and some electricity
The equivalence of stream source.Lot of experimental data and theory analysis obtain, when distance grounded screen is more than 1.5D, and the current potential ladder that grounded screen produces
Spending less, surface potential declines slowly, and 20m scope surface potential can be equivalent to steady state value c in this place.
In-site measurement can record the Potential distribution curve of auxiliary current pole, i.e. selects auxiliary current extremely potential reference point, measures
Potential distribution apart from its 3～20m scope.Therefore the length of voltage measurement lead-in wire the shortest will be only 20m, eliminates long voltage
The Mutual Inductance Coupling condition that lead-in wire is parallel with current feed, simultaneously because away from the electromagnetic environment of transformer station, it is to avoid transformer station is complicated
The interference to measurement that electromagnetic environment causes.
In order to reduce the earth resistance of auxiliary current pole, generally require and use many modes in parallel with vertical grounding electrode to be arranged.
Same simulation calculation obtains, and how with earthing pole and in the case of linking ground, uses one, center, at a distance of one meter, and angle 90 degree
Peripheral four earthing poles can use above-mentioned formula to calculate equally.
Such as Potential distribution during Fig. 1 grounding resistance measurement, (1 is the Potential distribution in the presence of electric current pole；2 is electricity during no current pole
Position distribution；3 is only Potential distribution in the presence of electric current pole), curve 1 is produced by curve 2,3 superposition, due to auxiliary current pole
Curve 2 amplitude of region is much smaller than curve 3, and change is mild, therefore the latter end current potential of curve 2 is equivalent to constant value c.
The surface potential distribution computing formula that auxiliary current pole diffusing produces is:
ρ is soil resistivity, and I is injection current, and x is the distance calculating point to center, electric current pole.OrderConsider grounded screen
Auxiliary current extremely near produce current potential c, therefore the actual potential of near region, auxiliary current pole is:
And the potential difference at in-site measurement voltage lead two ends is the current potential U of auxiliary current polecWith voltage pole current potential uiDifference Δ u.
During in-site measurement, voltage pole electric current extremely near, if voltage pole measure point numbered 1,2,3,4 ... n, measure obtain right
Electric current pole span should be put from x1、x2、x3、x4、.....xn, measure and obtain potential difference Δ u1、Δu2、Δu3、Δu4、....Δun, it is assumed that
Above-mentioned measurement point is u for the actual potential of infinite point1、u2、u3、u4、....unThen:
N group measured value (x is obtained by in-site measurementi,ui) (i=1,2,3 ... n), x are the voltage pole distance to center, auxiliary current pole,
uiFor measuring voltage.Undetermined parameter k, b optimum using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to carry out analytical function (3) solves.
Under method of least square meaning, determine that parameter k and b make sum of square of deviations minimum:
Set the initial value k of k, b(0)、b(0).The optimized parameter k of required analytical function is obtained by iterative(t)、b(t), it is
The optimized parameter of required analytical function.
Potential difference U between grounded screen and auxiliary current pole can be according to electric power output voltage UOutput, electric current I, current feed resistance
RLineIt is calculated.
U=UG-Uc=UOutput-IRLine (6)
Grounded screen current potential UGFor:
UG=U+Uc=U-b+c (7)
According to the principle of compensation, grounded screen current potential UGU is raised less than the ground potential of the independent diffusing of grounded screenG0, need to mend
Repay.According to point electric current source and the computing formula of hemisphere earthing pole, the potential calculation result of the electric current pole of grounded screen is equal, i.e.L measures current feed straight length.Therefore, according to the analytic formula tried to achieve, grounded screen accurate
Current potential is upgraded toThus obtain the earth resistance of grounded screen.
During in-site measurement, alien frequencies method is used to measure, it is to avoid the error that Hz noise brings, with symmetrical frequency f1、f2,(it is defaulted as
47Hz, 53Hz) measure the average of voltage as magnitude of voltage corresponding for 50Hz.Electric current I is exported for twice in order to eliminate measurement power supply1、
I2Fluctuation on measure voltage impact, need to measure voltage be normalized.Normalized will be measured voltage and return
Calculate under 1 ampere.The parameter after normalization is represented with subscript comma.During in-site measurement, measure electric current I1Frequency is f1, measure
Electric current I2Frequency is f2。
To measuring electric current I1Frequency is f1, measure voltage, (i=1,2,3 ... n) normalization, formula is:
To measuring electric current I2Frequency is f2, measurement result, (i=1,2,3 ... n) normalization, formula is:
Ask for the normalized measurement voltage being all worth under 50Hz:
By n group measured value (xi,Δui') (i=1,2,3 ... n) bring above-mentioned Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm into and carry out analytical function (3)
Undetermined parameter k, b optimum solve, obtain k ', b '.WhereinB '=c '-Uc’。
Principle of identity is used potential difference U between grounded screen and auxiliary current pole to be normalized, according to electric power output voltage UOutput, current feed resistance RLineIt is calculated.
U '=UOutput’-RLine (12)
Grounded screen current potential U under 1 Ampere currentsG' it is:
UG'=U '+Uc'=U '-b '+c ' (13)
Such that it is able to calculate the earth potential under grounded screen 1 Ampere currents effect by following formula to rise UG0', it is the ground connection electricity of grounded screen
Resistance.
The technical scheme realizing apparatus of the present invention is: Resistance of Grounding Grids reverse short distance measurement device, mainly include alien frequencies power supply,
Main frame, portable voltage measurement module, standard auxiliary current pole, current feed, voltage lead, combination type boost voltage pole.
Power supply uses alien frequencies programme-controlled signal source.Main frame uses Serial Port Line to be controlled power supply output.Alien frequencies method is used to enter during measurement
Row is measured, and signal is symmetrical alien frequencies signal, and the optional scope of frequency is 40～60Hz, and output waveform is sinusoidal current ripple, output electricity
Stream 4～10A.Power frequency, current amplitude, the output of main frame automatic control power supply and signals collecting are set before measuring.
The whole measurement procedure of host computer control.Including power supply output control, electric power output voltage and output current measurement, communication sum
According to transmission, result shows, data store, by key control.Main frame include accurate voltage, current sensor, modulate circuit, ADC,
Central processing module, display module, memory module, wireless data transfer module, keyboard.Current sensor uses punching
Formula precision current transformer.Voltage sensor is connected in parallel with portable voltage measurement module voltage port by voltage lead, and
Use suitable no-load voltage ratio that high-tension measurement signal is converted to low pressure measurement signal.Modulate circuit by power isolation module, 50Hz wave trap,
Programmable amplifier forms.Measure signal to be processed by modulate circuit, and after ADC, be input to central processing module.Central authorities process
Module carries out digital filtering to measuring signal, stores measurement result.Wireless data transfer module is surveyed for main frame and portable voltage
The communication of amount module, transmission measurement instruction and measurement data.Display module is serial port liquid crystal display screen.Keyboard realizes operation
Measurement is controlled by personnel.Operator can pass through data output display module, checks grounding resistance measurement value and calculates number
According to.Data can be saved as csv form, preserve copy measurement report with USB flash disk.Main frame can connect computer by PC serial ports.
Portable voltage measurement module be arranged in electric current extremely near, for measuring the voltage between each voltage pole and electric current pole.Move
Dynamic formula voltage measurement module includes precision voltage sensor, modulate circuit, ADC, central processing module, communication module, display
Module, memory module, supply module, keyboard.The feature different from main frame has 8 road voltage signal passages and independent
Lithium battery power supply module.For voltage channel 1～8, respectively corresponding voltage input terminal 1～8, it is achieved the synchronization measuring signal is adopted in real time
Collection.Measure signal by precision voltage sensor, modulate circuit, ADC, central processing module.Modulate circuit is by isolated from power
Module, 50Hz wave trap, programmable amplifier form.ADC uses the mode of synchronized sampling to extract 8 tunnels with high sample frequency simultaneously
Measure signal, analogue signal is converted into digital signal and is transported to central processing module.Measurement data is carried out by central processing module
Digital filtering, tries to achieve each voltage pole and measures the voltage of signal, be folded under same current effect.Portable measuring instrument uses lithium electricity
Pond powers.By wireless data transfer module by incoming for measurement data main frame.Main frame carries out data summarization and earth resistance calculates,
Being stored in data memory module, host computer control power supply stops output.
Electric current electrode structure is the zinc-plated rod iron of tip of long 1.2m radius 0.03m.Single electric current pole can be used when soil resistivity is relatively low.
May be used without 5 electric current polar radiation shapes and arrange that radius 1m is stably inserted perpendicularly into the standard auxiliary current pole of 1m in ground: electric current draws
Line is that resistance value is through the standard copper core cable accurately measured.
The tip platinum plating copper rod of the longest 0.6m of single voltage, radius 0.1m.Normal voltage pole is arranged in away from electric current pole 3～20m model
In enclosing.Measure the voltage difference away from auxiliary current pole 3m～10m, be spaced desirable 1m～2m, measure away from auxiliary current pole 10m～20m
Voltage difference, be spaced desirable 2m～4m.Arrangement is shown in figure.A length of 1m duroplasts is used to fix bar between every voltage pole
Connect, sectional dimension is 0.2m 0.2m, and center drilling is fixed on bottom voltage pole at 0.5m, arm lengths be divided into (0.5m, 1m,
2m) three gear.Multiple normal voltage poles are connected by adapter, and adapter is hollow duroplasts cuboid shell, and adapter is hollow
Size 0.205m 0.205m 0.4m can be nested in connecting rod end closely, and long masthead is neat, uses adapter fixing auxiliary electricity
Pressure pole is located on straight line.During in-site measurement, arrange 8 normal voltage poles, make voltage pole be unequal-interval straight line row
Row, it is ensured that the positioning precision of voltage pole.Voltage lead uses 1.5mm2Shielding soft copper cable.It is connected to moveable measurement
8 input terminals of module.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 measuring principle figure
Fig. 2 measures wiring and measurement apparatus schematic diagram
Fig. 3 normalized current pole
Fig. 4 earth resistance calculates flow chart
Fig. 5 combination type normal voltage pole
Fig. 6 adapter
Fig. 7 main machine structure
Fig. 8 movable type measurement module structure
Detailed description of the invention:
The step of the measuring method realizing the object of the invention is as follows:
Step 1, survey the terrain, choose at grounded screen 2D～2.5D that soil is relatively flat, vegetal cover is less, without buried pipe
The open area of road impact arranges auxiliary current pole.Auxiliary current extremely may select single, it is possible to selects many of star arrangement mode also
Connection, electric current pole and grounded screen are connected respectively to measure two outfans of power supply by current feed.
Step 2, test output current amplitude and frequency, the voltage between survey calculation grounded screen and auxiliary current pole is set.
Step 3, from the beginning of the direction parallel or vertical with current feed path, connect respectively with voltage measuring apparatus voltage lead
Auxiliary current pole and voltage pole, measure the voltage difference away from auxiliary current pole 3m～10m, is spaced desirable 1m～2m, measures away from auxiliary
Help the voltage difference of electric current pole 10m～20m, be spaced desirable 2m～4m；
Step 4, according to measurement data, carry out optimization computation, solve analytical function parameter, obtain analytical function expression formula.
Step 5, employing calculate grounded screen earth potential liter according to formula, try to achieve grounding resistance R.
The concrete grammar step utilizing apparatus of the present invention to be measured by program designation is as follows:
(1) measure loop to arrange
Earth resistance short distance measurement device is connected Substation Station 220V power frequency supply, carries out device wiring.Measure lead-in wire
Arrange: electric current pole span grounded screen 2D-2.5D；Voltage pole away from electric current pole span from 3-20m, acquiescence arrange distance be (4m, 5m,
6m、8m、10m、12m、14m、18m).Arrange and measure voltage lead and current feed, current feed connection standard auxiliary reflux
Pole, and verify that conduction is intact.Voltage lead one end connects auxiliary current pole, accesses the common electrical pressure side of voltage sensor, its
His 8 voltage pole lead-in wires connect respectively and draw 8 terminals at voltage input end, are simultaneously connected with the voltage pole of a numbering.Pass through button
With distance parameter and the resistance of normalized current leader cable that display inputs each Measurement channel.
(2) initialize
After (1st) step completes, open the on and off switch of measuring instrument, verify conduction.Set the frequency model of input and output electric current
Enclose and amplitude.In optional frequency range 40～60Hz, select symmetrical frequency spectrum f1、f2.Current amplitude I gives tacit consent to 6A, can be 4～10A
Scope selects.
As follows by program control operations flow process:
1. main frame instructs to power delivery, the electric current that power supply output sets, frequency f1, amplitude I；
2. main frame is to portable voltage measurement module transmission instruction, and portable voltage measurement module starts to measure, after being measured
It is sent completely instruction to main frame；
3. main frame instructs to power delivery, the electric current that power supply output sets, frequency f2, amplitude I；
4. main frame is to portable voltage measurement module transmission instruction, and portable voltage measurement module starts to measure, after being measured
It is sent completely instruction to main frame；
5. after main frame receives and is measured signal, instruct to power delivery, stop output, power ground.
6. main frame receives portable voltage measurement module signal, calculates earth resistance, shows measurement result.
(3) data acquisition
After (2nd) step completes, start to measure.The electric current that power supply output sets, frequency f1, amplitude I.Main frame gathers electric current letter
Number I and the measurement signal U of output voltageOutput.Portable voltage measurement module carries out synchronized sampling to 8 road voltage signals, measures voltage
Signal, by modulate circuit and ADC, carries out high sample frequency data acquisition, default sample rate 1000, sampling length 4096.
Portable measurement module is sent measurement instruction simultaneously, start to gather the measurement data of 8 voltage poles, default sample rate 1000, adopt
Sample length 4096.After being measured, data are carried out digital filtering, use under Fourier analysis program computation and measurement signal frequency
Voltage, result is stored in memory module, completes signal to main frame transmission.Main frame receives measures signal, controls power supply and stops
Output, changes output frequency f into2, amplitude I.Repeat said process.Frequency f2After being measured, host computer control power supply stops output.
(4) measurement data calculates and storage
After (3rd) step completes, measurement data is calculated by portable voltage measurement module, tries to achieve average voltage.By voltage
The measurement average voltage of pole 1-8 is transferred in main frame.Data mode be voltage with away from backflow pole span from x, normalized measurement voltage
Value y data to (x, y).Portable voltage measurement module storage measurement voltage signal waveform, data are saved in memory module.
(5) data analysis, calculating
After (4th) step completes, host CPU processing module calls the measurement data of storage, calculates earth resistance.Call data
To (x, y).Call earth resistance data the Fitting Calculation program, be calculated the grounding resistance measurement value of grounded screen.Data are defeated
Go out to data output display module and data memory module.
(6) result shows
After (5th) step completes, the digital display module LCDs by measuring instrument, the measurement of display Resistance of Grounding Grids
Result.The measurement data of data memory module storage earth resistance, for calling at any time and show later.USB interface can be used to copy
Shellfish measurement report.
After the present invention uses technique scheme, mainly have the advantage that
(1) range is wide.All kinds power plant, grounding resistance of transformer substation grounding net can be measured.The present invention can
The accurate measurement of earth resistance under real short distance, significantly reduce measurement wire length more than half, breach tradition earth resistance and survey
Amount experiment can only use the restriction that distance leads method measures, and solves to be difficult in present engineering shorten and measures lead-in wire and connect
The technical barrier that earth resistance is accurately measured.
(2) mutual inductance impact is little.Abandon the wire laying mode producing mutual inductance, significantly reduced large-scale grounding network length measurement lead-in wire and carried
Excessive due to mutual inductance and that cause measurement error is excessive, measurement result mistake, solve during large-scale grounding network straight-line method measures
It is difficult to get rid of the engineering challenge of mutual inductance impact.
(3) electromagnetic interference is little.Measure away from transformer station, transformer station's electromagnetic interference can be significantly reduced to measurement result
Impact, improves accuracy of measurement.
(4) intelligence degree is high, by keyboard and the man-machine interaction of display, it is achieved the sequencing of measurement and standardization.Solve
Having determined, short distance measuring method is too high to the requirement of staff's professional ability, make the method the simplest, convenient, easy.
(5) certainty of measurement is high.Use hardware filtering to combine the mode of software filtering, filter transformer station's power frequency electromagnet interference；Survey
Amount useful signal amplitude is obviously enhanced, and is more easy to measurement and obtains.
(6) measurement cost is reduced.Apparatus of the present invention reasonable in design, with low cost compared with legacy equipment；And can save
Substantial amounts of human and material resources, financial resources, can significantly improve work efficiency, it is simple to popularization and application.
The composite can be widely applied to various Resistance of Grounding Grids general measure work, be particularly well-suited to large-scale grounding network and because of
Geographical environment affects and is difficult to the situation of long range measurements.
Claims (10)
1. a Novel connecting ground network ground resistance reverse short distance measurement method and device, the technical characterstic of the present invention is:
Electric current pole is arranged at grounded screen 2D-2.5D, and voltage pole is arranged in away from auxiliary current pole 3-20m scope, measures ground
Potential distribution, binding isotherm analytic formula, use method of least square to carry out curve fitting, determine that auxiliary current electrode potential resolves public affairs
Formula.In conjunction with loop pressure drop, according to the principle of compensation, it is thus achieved that the potential rise exactly of grounded screen, and then it is calculated grounded screen
Earth resistance.
This device uses split-type structural, main frame and portable voltage measurement module to use wireless telecommunications.Mainly include alien frequencies power supply,
Main frame, portable voltage measurement module, standard auxiliary current pole, current feed, voltage lead, combination type boost voltage pole.
Wherein main frame includes: accurate voltage, current sensor, modulate circuit, ADC, central processing module, display module, deposit
Storage module, wireless data transmission communication module, keyboard.
The whole measurement procedure of host computer control.Wireless data transmission communication module is used to realize main frame and portable voltage measurement module
Communication and data are transmitted.Use optimized algorithm to carry out data matching and obtain 50Hz earth resistance.
Wherein portable voltage measurement module includes: voltage sensor, modulate circuit, ADC, central processing module, display module,
Memory module, wireless data transmission communication module, supply module, keyboard.Use 8 road voltage signal synchronized samplings.
Electric current pole uses single or 5 electric current polar radiation shapes layouts, and single voltage pole uses the tip plating of long 0.5m, radius 8mm
Platinoid rod.Voltage pole uses 8 normal voltage poles.A length of 1m-4m duroplasts bar is used to connect between every voltage pole, electricity
Voltage lead wires uses 1.5mm2Shielding soft copper cable.It is connected to 8 input terminals of portable voltage measurement module.
2., according to a kind of Novel connecting ground network ground resistance reverse short distance measurement method and device described in claim 1, its feature is:
In described method, the analytical function of auxiliary current electrode potential isThe Theoretical Calculation analytical function corresponding with field observation value
ForThere are two undetermined parameters k, b.Use the principle of least square carries out analytical function optimum
Parametric solution.Grounded screen and auxiliary current pole tension difference are that electric power output voltage deducts lead-in wire loop pressure drop
U=u10-u20=UOutput-IRLine.Final computing formula
3., according to a kind of Novel connecting ground network ground resistance reverse short distance measurement method and device described in claim 1, its feature is:
In described method, use alien frequencies method and be normalized measuring voltage, Potential difference U between grounded screen and auxiliary current pole is normalized, U '=U 'Output-RLine.Finally
Computing formula
A kind of Novel connecting ground network ground resistance reverse short distance measurement method and device, it is characterised in that:
Measurement structure and the arrangement of the distribution of described auxiliary current electrode potential are that 8 voltage measurement lead-in wires are connected with 8 voltage poles,
Connecting one end of measurement apparatus voltage acquisition terminal, the voltage acquisition terminal other end connects auxiliary current pole.Voltage lead length is little
In 30m, using 8 voltage poles, straight line is in the earth's surface in the range of the center 3m-20m of auxiliary current pole, normal voltage pole
It is arranged in the range of the 3m-20m of electric current pole.The straight line in described measurement direction is with the company between central current pole and foreign current pole
Line is straight line.Measure the voltage difference away from auxiliary current pole 3m-10m, be spaced desirable 1m-2m, measure away from auxiliary current pole 10m-20m
Voltage difference, be spaced desirable 2m-4m.The measured value of this method can be magnitude of voltage during identical measurement electric current, it is also possible to be
Normalized magnitude of voltage.The measurement point range of this method can take the circumstances into consideration change in 3m-20m.
A kind of Novel connecting ground network ground resistance reverse short distance measurement method and device, it is characterised in that:
Described electric current electrode structure is the zinc-plated rod iron of tip, Single lead long 1.2m radius 0.03m's.Electric current pole arrangement can use
Single auxiliary current pole is inserted perpendicularly into underground 0.6m-2m, it is possible to uses standard auxiliary current pole, i.e. uses 5 electric current polar radiations
Shape is arranged, radius 1m is stably inserted perpendicularly into 0.6m-2m in ground.
6. according to a kind of Novel connecting ground network ground resistance reverse short distance measurement method and device described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described single voltage extremely tip platinum plating copper rod, long 0.6m, radius 0.1m's.Duroplasts is used to fix bar between every voltage pole
Connect, sectional dimension is 0.2m 0.2m, and center drilling is fixed on bottom voltage pole at 0.5m, arm lengths be divided into (0.5m, 1m,
2m) three gear.Multiple normal voltage poles are connected by cuboid hollow duroplasts adapter, adapter hollow dimension
0.205m 0.205m 0.4m can be nested in connecting rod end closely, and long masthead is neat, uses adapter to fix boost voltage pole
It is located on straight line.8 normal voltage poles of in-site measurement are the linear array of unequal-interval, it is ensured that the location of voltage pole
Precision.Voltage lead uses 1.5mm2Shielding soft copper cable.It is connected to 8 input terminals of moveable measurement module.
7., according to a kind of Novel connecting ground network ground resistance reverse short distance measurement method and device described in claim 1, utilize the present invention
Device, it is characterised in that:
Described main frame passes through program, controls whole measurement procedure, including power supply output control, electric power output voltage and output electric current
Measurement, command communication, result shows, data store, by key control.Main frame uses Serial Port Line to be controlled power supply output.
Before measuring power frequency, current amplitude, the output of main frame automatic control power supply and signals collecting are set by program.Current sense
Device uses punching precision current transformer.Voltage sensor is connected in parallel by the voltage pole port of voltage lead with measuring instrument,
High-tension measurement signal is converted to low pressure measurement signal.Measure signal to be processed by modulate circuit, and after ADC, be input to central authorities
Processing module.Central processing module carries out digital filtering to measuring signal, stores measurement result.Wireless data transfer module is used for
Main frame communicates with portable voltage measurement module, transmission measurement instruction and measurement data.Display module is serial port liquid crystal display screen
And button, it is achieved measurement is controlled by operator.Operator can pass through data output display module, checks ground connection electricity
Resistance measured value and calculating data.Data can be saved as csv form, preserve copy measurement report with USB flash disk.
8. according to a kind of Novel connecting ground network ground resistance reverse short distance measurement method and device described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described portable voltage measurement module be arranged in electric current extremely near, measure the voltage between each voltage pole and electric current pole.Move
Dynamic formula voltage measurement module has 8 road voltage signal passages.Portable measuring instrument uses lithium battery power supply.Realize 8 drive test amount signals
Synchronization Real-time Collection.By wireless data transfer module by incoming for measurement data main frame.
9. according to a kind of Novel connecting ground network ground resistance reverse short distance measurement method and device described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described measurement signal passes sequentially through precision voltage sensor, modulate circuit, ADC, central processing module.Described conditioning electricity
Routing power isolation module, 50Hz wave trap, programmable amplifier form.ADC uses the mode of synchronized sampling with high sample frequency
Extract 8 drive test amount signals simultaneously, analogue signal is converted into digital signal and is transported to central processing module.Central processing module calls
Program carries out digital filtering to measurement data, tries to achieve each voltage pole and measures the voltage of signal, is folded under same current effect.Main
Machine carries out data summarization and earth resistance calculates, and is stored in data memory module.
10., according to a kind of Novel connecting ground network ground resistance reverse short distance measurement method and device described in claim 1, utilize this
Bright device, is measured by program, utilizes apparatus of the present invention to be measured by program designation, and its concrete grammar step is as follows:
(1) measure loop to arrange
Earth resistance short distance measurement device is connected Substation Station 220V power frequency supply, carries out device wiring.Measure lead-in wire
Arrange: electric current pole span grounded screen 2D-2.5D；Voltage pole away from electric current pole span from 3-20m, acquiescence arrange distance be (4m, 5m,
6m、8m、10m、12m、14m、18m).Arrange and measure voltage lead and current feed, current feed connection standard auxiliary reflux
Pole, and verify that conduction is intact.Voltage lead one end connects auxiliary current pole, accesses the common electrical pressure side of voltage sensor, its
His 8 voltage pole lead-in wires connect respectively and draw 8 terminals at voltage input end, are simultaneously connected with the voltage pole of a numbering.Pass through button
With distance parameter and the resistance of normalized current leader cable that display inputs each Measurement channel.
(2) initialize
After (1st) step completes, open the on and off switch of measuring instrument, verify conduction.Set the frequency model of input and output electric current
Enclose and amplitude.In optional frequency range 40-60Hz, select symmetrical frequency spectrum f1、f2.Current amplitude I gives tacit consent to 6A, can be at 4-10A
Scope selects.
As follows by program default action flow process:
1. main frame instructs to power delivery, the electric current that power supply output sets, frequency f1, amplitude I；
2. main frame is to portable voltage measurement module transmission instruction, and portable voltage measurement module starts to measure, after being measured
It is sent completely instruction to main frame；
3. main frame instructs to power delivery, the electric current that power supply output sets, frequency f2, amplitude I；
4. main frame is to portable voltage measurement module transmission instruction, and portable voltage measurement module starts to measure, after being measured
It is sent completely instruction to main frame；
5. after main frame receives and is measured signal, instruct to power delivery, stop output, power ground.
6. main frame receives portable voltage measurement module signal, calculates earth resistance, shows measurement result.
(3) data acquisition
After (2nd) step completes, start to measure.The electric current that power supply output sets, frequency f1, amplitude I.Main frame gathers electric current letter
Number I and the measurement signal U of output voltage.Portable voltage measurement module carries out synchronized sampling to 8 road voltage signals, measures voltage letter
Number by modulate circuit and ADC, carry out high sample frequency data acquisition, default sample rate 1000, sampling length 4096.With
Time portable measurement module is sent measurement instruction, start to gather the measurement data of 8 voltage poles, default sample rate 1000, sampling
Length 4096.After being measured, data are carried out digital filtering, use Fourier analysis program to calculate the voltage under this frequency,
Result is stored in memory module, completes signal to main frame transmission.Main frame receives measures signal, controls power supply and stops output, changes
For output frequency f2, amplitude I.Repeat said process.Frequency f2After being measured, host computer control power supply stops output.
(4) measurement data calculates and storage
After (3rd) step completes, measurement data is calculated by portable voltage measurement module, tries to achieve average voltage.By voltage
The measurement average voltage of pole 1-8 is transferred in main frame.Data mode be voltage with away from backflow pole span from x, the number of normalized voltage value y
According to (x, y).Portable voltage measurement module storage measurement voltage signal waveform, data are saved in memory module.
(5) data analysis, calculating
After (4th) step completes, host CPU processing module calls the measurement data of storage, calculates earth resistance.Call data
To (x, y).Call earth resistance data the Fitting Calculation program, be calculated the grounding resistance measurement value of grounded screen.Data are defeated
Go out to data output display module and data memory module.
(6) result shows
After (5th) step completes, the digital display module LCDs by measuring instrument, the measurement of display Resistance of Grounding Grids
Result.The measurement data of data memory module storage earth resistance, for calling at any time and show later.USB interface can be used to copy
Shellfish measurement report.
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| CN110658388A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-01-07 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司通信信号研究所 | Detection method and device for ground resistance and electronic equipment |
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