CN111020145A - Preparation method of 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance - Google Patents

Preparation method of 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance Download PDF

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CN111020145A
CN111020145A CN201911015982.0A CN201911015982A CN111020145A CN 111020145 A CN111020145 A CN 111020145A CN 201911015982 A CN201911015982 A CN 201911015982A CN 111020145 A CN111020145 A CN 111020145A
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stainless steel
molten salt
austenitic stainless
salt corrosion
austenitic
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杨益
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001Austenite

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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a preparation method of 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance, which comprises the following steps: carrying out solution treatment on 304 austenitic stainless steel at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃ for 20-40min to form homogenized original state austenitic structure stainless steel, and carrying out cold rolling treatment on the original state austenitic structure stainless steel to form cold-rolled state stainless steel; and annealing the cold-rolled stainless steel at the temperature of 900-1000 ℃ for 25-30h, and rapidly cooling to room temperature to obtain the 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance. The molten salt corrosion resistant stainless steel prepared by the method provided by the embodiment of the invention has excellent high-temperature mechanical property and structure stability, has high molten salt corrosion resistance, and can meet the requirement of a molten salt reactor on the service performance of materials.

Description

Preparation method of 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of stainless steel preparation, in particular to a preparation method of 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance.
Background
In fourth generation reactors, molten salt reactors can make the use of nuclear energy more efficient and safer from the safety and efficiency point of view. The molten salt reactor is the only reactor using liquid fuel, the molten salt liquid is very stable above the melting point, can be used as a reactor medium and a heat transfer medium, and can continuously flow between the core of the reactor and an external heat exchanger, and the molten salt reactor is generally operated at high temperature, the temperature is 600-700 ℃ and has high radioactivity, so that the requirement on container materials is higher. For the main cooling circuit of the molten salt reactor, a stainless steel material capable of withstanding molten salt corrosion at high temperatures is required. The 304 austenitic stainless steel is the most commonly used stainless steel material in the reactor because the 304 austenitic stainless steel has excellent mechanical properties, good plasticity, high tensile strength, good cold and hot processability and non-magnetism, and good corrosion resistance, weldability and irradiation resistance.
At present, two methods for protecting stainless steel from molten salt corrosion exist. The thermal diffusion coating can improve the high-temperature oxidation performance and the hot corrosion performance of the alloy and also keeps other performances of the alloy, but the coating is not easy to control components as required, and the coating is fragile and easy to crack when being subjected to external load; and secondly, rare earth elements or other oxides are added, so that the high-temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the alloy can be effectively improved, but the added elements are not easy to control and can have unknown influence on the performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance, so as to solve the problem of poor molten salt corrosion in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a method for preparing 304 austenitic stainless steel with high resistance to molten salt corrosion comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat preservation and solution treatment on 304 austenitic stainless steel at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃ for 2040min to form homogenized original state austenitic structure stainless steel, and carrying out cold rolling treatment on the original state austenitic structure stainless steel to form cold-rolled state stainless steel;
and annealing the cold-rolled stainless steel at the temperature of 900-1000 ℃ for 25-30h, and rapidly cooling to room temperature to obtain the 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance.
Preferably, the austenite grains in the original state have an average grain size of 22 to 28 μm.
Preferably, the 304 austenitic stainless steel is rolled from 13mm to 12mm during the cold rolling process.
Preferably, the solution treatment process is as follows: and when the temperature reaches 1000-1100 ℃, lofting and heat-preserving the 304 austenitic stainless steel for 30min, and then cooling the 304 austenitic stainless steel to room temperature by using an ice-water mixture to obtain the original austenitic structure stainless steel.
Preferably, in the annealing treatment process, the cold-rolled stainless steel is heated to 900-.
Preferably, in the cold rolling process, a four-roller mill is adopted, and the total cold rolling reduction is 5-6%.
Preferably, the chemical components of the 304 austenitic stainless steel are as follows by weight percent: 18.0% to 20.0% of Cr, 0.08% to C, 8.0% to 10.5% of Ni, 1.0% to Si, 2.0% to Mn, 0.03% to S, 0.045% to P, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the chemical components of the 304 austenitic stainless steel are as follows by weight percent: 18.15% Cr, 0.06% C, 8.22% Ni, 0.9% Si, 1.5% Mn, 0.01% S, 0.032% P, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the 304 austenitic stainless steel prepared by the method provided by the embodiment of the invention has good molten salt corrosion resistance, and can meet the requirement of a molten salt reactor on the service performance of materials. The preparation method of the embodiment of the invention enables the 304 austenitic stainless steel to generate a large amount of low-energy special grain boundaries inside, breaks the connectivity of large-angle free grain boundaries, can improve the failure resistance of materials by the special grain boundaries, can also block the damage and atomic diffusion along the grain boundaries, can well ensure the comprehensive mechanical properties of the stainless steel, simultaneously improves the properties related to the grain boundaries, and has excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and structure stability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is an EBSD contrast topography of 304 stainless steel made by the method of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a surface topography of 304 stainless steel prepared by the method of the embodiment of the invention after 5h molten salt corrosion;
FIG. 3 is a surface topography of 304 stainless steel of a prior comparative example after 5h of molten salt corrosion;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a 304 stainless steel prepared by the method of the embodiment of the present invention after 5h molten salt corrosion, wherein A is a metal interface outer layer, B is an oxide layer, and C is a metal substrate layer;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional comparative example of 304 stainless steel after molten salt corrosion for 5 hours, wherein A is a metal interface outer layer, B is an oxide layer, C is a metal substrate layer, and D is a corrosion crack;
FIG. 6 is a surface topography of 304 stainless steel prepared by the method of the embodiment of the invention after 20h molten salt corrosion;
FIG. 7 is a surface topography map of a 304 stainless steel of a prior comparative example after 20h molten salt corrosion;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of 304 stainless steel prepared by the method of the embodiment of the invention after 20h molten salt corrosion;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional profile of a 304 stainless steel of a prior comparative example after 20h molten salt corrosion.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
solution treatment of 304 austenitic stainless steel
And (3) putting the 304 austenitic stainless steel with the thickness of 13mm into a tubular resistance furnace which is already added to 1000 ℃, preserving the heat for 20min, taking out the 304 austenitic stainless steel and cooling the 304 austenitic stainless steel in an ice-water mixture to room temperature to form an original state austenitic structure with the homogenized average grain size of about 25 mu m, and obtaining the original state austenitic structure stainless steel.
Secondly, cold rolling treatment of original state austenite structure stainless steel
And (3) carrying out cold rolling treatment on the original state austenite structure stainless steel obtained by the solution treatment by using a four-roller mill at room temperature, wherein the thickness of the original 304 austenite stainless steel is 13mm, the thickness of the stainless steel after rolling is 12.2mm, and the total rolling reduction is 6%, so as to obtain the cold-rolled state stainless steel. In the course of rolling, rolling mills are used
Figure BSA0000193052690000041
A four high mill.
Annealing treatment of cold-rolled stainless steel
Heating a tubular resistance furnace to 900 ℃, quickly putting the cold-rolled stainless steel in the furnace, carrying out heat preservation annealing treatment for 25 hours, and quickly cooling the cold-rolled stainless steel to room temperature by adopting a quenching mode. In the heat preservation process, the grains are subjected to recovery recrystallization to generate recovery subgrain and annealing twin crystals, a large number of small-angle grain boundaries and coincident position lattice grain boundaries are formed, and the connectivity of the large-angle free grain boundaries is interrupted. A304 austenitic stainless steel with high resistance to molten salt corrosion is obtained, the special grain boundary distribution of which is shown in figure 1.
Example 2
The preparation method of the 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
solution treatment of 304 austenitic stainless steel
And (3) putting the 304 austenitic stainless steel with the thickness of 13mm into a tubular resistance furnace which is already added to 1050 ℃, preserving the heat for 30min, taking out the 304 austenitic stainless steel and cooling the 304 austenitic stainless steel in an ice-water mixture to room temperature to form an original state austenitic structure with the homogenized average grain size of about 25 mu m, and obtaining the original state austenitic structure stainless steel.
Secondly, cold rolling treatment of original state austenite structure stainless steel
And (3) carrying out cold rolling treatment on the original state austenite structure stainless steel obtained by the solution treatment by using a four-roller mill at room temperature, wherein the thickness of the original 304 austenite stainless steel is 13mm, the thickness of the stainless steel after rolling is 12.3mm, and the total rolling reduction is 5%, so as to obtain the cold-rolled state stainless steel. In the course of rolling, rolling mills are used
Figure BSA0000193052690000051
A four high mill.
Annealing treatment of cold-rolled stainless steel
And heating the tubular resistance furnace to 947 ℃, quickly putting the cold-rolled stainless steel into the furnace, carrying out heat preservation annealing treatment for 28 hours, and quickly cooling the steel to room temperature by adopting a quenching mode. In the heat preservation process, the grains are subjected to recovery recrystallization to generate recovery subgrain and annealing twin crystals, a large number of small-angle grain boundaries and coincident position lattice grain boundaries are formed, the connectivity of the large-angle free grain boundaries is broken, and the 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance is obtained, wherein the special grain boundary distribution is shown in figure 1.
Example 3
The preparation method of the 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
solution treatment of 304 austenitic stainless steel
And (3) putting the 304 austenitic stainless steel with the thickness of 13mm into a tubular resistance furnace which is already added to 1100 ℃, preserving the heat for 40min, taking out the stainless steel from the ice-water mixture, cooling the steel to room temperature to obtain an original state austenitic structure with the homogenized average grain size of about 25 mu m, and obtaining the original state austenitic structure stainless steel.
Secondly, cold rolling treatment of original state austenite structure stainless steel
At room temperature, the solid solution part is aligned by a four-high millAnd cold rolling the original state austenite structure stainless steel obtained by the treatment, wherein the thickness of the original 304 austenite stainless steel is 13mm, the thickness of the stainless steel after rolling is 12.3mm, and the total rolling reduction is 5%, so that the cold rolled state stainless steel is obtained. In the course of rolling, rolling mills are used
Figure BSA0000193052690000052
A four high mill.
Annealing treatment of cold-rolled stainless steel
And heating the tubular resistance furnace to 1000 ℃, quickly putting the cold-rolled stainless steel into the furnace, carrying out heat preservation annealing treatment for 30 hours, and quickly cooling the steel to room temperature by adopting a quenching mode. In the heat preservation process, the grains are subjected to recovery recrystallization to generate recovery subgrain and annealing twin crystals, a large number of small-angle grain boundaries and coincident position lattice grain boundaries are formed, the connectivity of the large-angle free grain boundaries is broken, and the 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance is obtained, wherein the special grain boundary distribution is shown in figure 1.
In embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention, the chemical components of the 304 austenitic stainless steel are in accordance with the following weight percentages: 18.0% to 20.0% of Cr, 0.08% to C, 8.0% to 10.5% of Ni, 1.0% to Si, 2.0% to Mn, 0.03% to S, 0.045% to P, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Test examples
Experimental materials: the 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance prepared in example 2 of the present invention is the 304 austenitic stainless steel which is only subjected to solution treatment.
The molten salts used in the experimental examples were NaCl, KCl and MgCl2A mixture of three chloride salts, wherein the mass percentages of the three chloride salts are 35 percent of NaCl, 35 percent of KCl and 30 percent of MgCl2. And pouring the prepared molten salt into two crucibles respectively, placing the crucibles in a drying box at 60 ℃ and drying the crucibles for 24 hours.
Respectively weighing and recording two groups of samples of the 304 austenitic stainless steel of the embodiment of the invention and the 304 austenitic stainless steel of the comparative example by an electronic balance, respectively, then respectively burying the two groups of samples into two groups of molten salts, putting the two groups of samples into a resistance furnace, heating the two groups of samples to 650 ℃, taking out a crucible from the resistance furnace after 5h and 20h, respectively and sequentially taking out corroded 304 austenitic stainless steel samples from the two groups of samples by tweezers, putting the 304 austenitic stainless steel samples into a beaker filled with deionized water, putting the deionized water beaker filled with the samples into a constant temperature water bath kettle at 80 ℃ for water bath for 30min, cleaning and dissolving away the molten salts attached to the surface of the 304 austenitic stainless steel corrosion samples, taking out the 304 austenitic stainless steel corrosion samples after water bath, sequentially washing the 304 austenitic stainless steel corrosion samples by deionized water and alcohol, drying the samples by a blower, weighing the mass of the stainless steel corrosion samples on the electronic balance with the precision of 0.1mg, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BSA0000193052690000071
The molten salt corrosion test using the 304 austenitic stainless steel prepared in example 2 of the present invention showed that the molten salt corrosion rate of the comparative example 304 austenitic stainless steel was twice as high as that of the 304 austenitic stainless steel prepared in example 2 of the present invention. Meanwhile, the 304 austenitic stainless steel prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention has good corrosion morphology without obvious corrosion cavities and corrosion cracks, as shown in fig. 2, 4, 6 and 8. The corrosion morphology of the 304 stainless steel after molten salt treatment according to the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 3, 5, 7 and 9, and the corrosion morphology of the 304 stainless steel after molten salt treatment according to the comparative example shows that the 304 stainless steel prepared by the embodiment 2 of the invention has good molten salt corrosion resistance.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out heat preservation and solution treatment on 304 austenitic stainless steel at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃ for 20-40min to form homogenized original state austenitic structure stainless steel, and carrying out cold rolling treatment on the original state austenitic structure stainless steel to form cold-rolled state stainless steel;
and annealing the cold-rolled stainless steel at the temperature of 900-1000 ℃ for 25-30h, and rapidly cooling to room temperature to obtain the 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance.
2. The method of preparing 304 austenitic stainless steel with high resistance to molten salt corrosion according to claim 1,
the original austenite structure crystal grains have an average grain diameter of 22 to 28 μm.
3. The method of preparing 304 austenitic stainless steel with high resistance to molten salt corrosion according to claim 1,
during the cold rolling process, the 304 austenitic stainless steel is rolled from 13mm to 12 mm.
4. The method of preparing 304 austenitic stainless steel with high resistance to molten salt corrosion according to claim 1,
the solid solution treatment process comprises the following steps: and when the temperature reaches 1000-1100 ℃, lofting and heat-preserving the 304 austenitic stainless steel for 30min, and then cooling the 304 austenitic stainless steel to room temperature by using an ice-water mixture to obtain the original austenitic structure stainless steel.
5. The method of preparing 304 austenitic stainless steel with high resistance to molten salt corrosion according to claim 1,
in the annealing treatment process, the cold-rolled stainless steel is heated to 900-.
6. The method of preparing 304 austenitic stainless steel with high resistance to molten salt corrosion according to claim 1,
in the cold rolling process, a four-roller mill is adopted, and the total cold rolling reduction is 5-6%.
7. The method of preparing 304 austenitic stainless steel with high resistance to molten salt corrosion according to claim 1,
the 304 austenitic stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 18.0% to 20.0% of Cr, 0.08% to C, 8.0% to 10.5% of Ni, 1.0% to Si, 2.0% to Mn, 0.03% to S, 0.045% to P, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
8. The method of preparing 304 austenitic stainless steel with high resistance to molten salt corrosion according to claim 7,
the 304 austenitic stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 18.15% Cr, 0.06% C, 8.22% Ni, 0.9% Si, 1.5% Mn, 0.01% S, 0.032% P, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
CN201911015982.0A 2019-10-24 2019-10-24 Preparation method of 304 austenitic stainless steel with high molten salt corrosion resistance Pending CN111020145A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6274025A (en) * 1985-09-27 1987-04-04 Kawasaki Steel Corp Heat treatment for clad cold rolled steel strip
CN102051460A (en) * 2010-10-29 2011-05-11 山东理工大学 Corrosion-resistance optimizing treatment process for Cr-Ni type stainless steel and corrosion-resistant plate
CN103993145A (en) * 2014-05-06 2014-08-20 上海大学 Method for improving special structure grain-boundary proportion of austenitic stainless steel
CN104278138A (en) * 2014-09-03 2015-01-14 上海大学 Grain boundary engineering technique for enhancing corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6274025A (en) * 1985-09-27 1987-04-04 Kawasaki Steel Corp Heat treatment for clad cold rolled steel strip
CN102051460A (en) * 2010-10-29 2011-05-11 山东理工大学 Corrosion-resistance optimizing treatment process for Cr-Ni type stainless steel and corrosion-resistant plate
CN103993145A (en) * 2014-05-06 2014-08-20 上海大学 Method for improving special structure grain-boundary proportion of austenitic stainless steel
CN104278138A (en) * 2014-09-03 2015-01-14 上海大学 Grain boundary engineering technique for enhancing corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
何汝迎: "《不锈钢冷轧生产技术及产品应用》", 31 August 2014, 冶金工业出版社 *
方晓英: "基于退火孪晶的304不锈钢晶界特征分布优化及其机理研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技I辑》 *

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Application publication date: 20200417