CN111018227B - Self-adaptive solar seawater desalination device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-adaptive solar seawater desalination device, which comprises a case and a seawater tank arranged in the case, wherein a transparent cover is arranged above the case, and an evaporation tank is formed between the transparent cover and the case; the seawater desalination device also comprises a plurality of circulating evaporation components, and each circulating evaporation component comprises an upper rotating wheel, a lower rotating wheel and non-woven fabrics surrounding the upper rotating wheel and the lower rotating wheel; the lower part of the seawater tank is filled with seawater, and the lower rotating wheel is partially or completely immersed in the seawater; an evaporation window is formed in the upper shell of the seawater tank corresponding to the mounting position of the upper rotating wheel, and the upper part of the upper rotating wheel extends out of the evaporation window and then is positioned in the evaporation tank; the non-woven fabric is used as a carrier of an evaporation medium and surrounds the two rotating wheels to rotate at a constant speed or step by step according to design requirements. The invention realizes the reciprocating process of seawater desalination circulation through the circulation evaporation component, further improves the working efficiency through the forced condensation circulation design, and does not need external energy input or external operation mode adjustment.

Description

Self-adaptive solar seawater desalination device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, in particular to a self-adaptive solar seawater desalination device.

Background

Depletion of drinking water resources and deterioration of sanitary conditions are one of the serious challenges facing worldwide mankind. It is predicted that by 2025, half of the world will face a severe situation of shortage of fresh water resources, and by 2050, 75% of the world population will face a dilemma of water resource shortage. Therefore, it is very important to improve the water supply capacity and develop disinfection and purification technology. Currently, reverse osmosis membrane separation technology is dominant in the fields of water resource purification and seawater desalination. However, the method is not only high in cost, but also has a large influence on the environment. Therefore, there is a need to develop a water purification scheme that can meet the actual needs and meet the principle of "sustainable" water resource.

In order to solve the requirement, in 2017, a portable solar distiller is designed by the cooperation of a skillful and strong subject group of Buffalo division school of New York State university and a Jiangsua subject group of the university of regandon. As shown in fig. 1, the solar still purifies by placing carbon-coated paper on a polystyrene block floating on a water source, lake water is sucked to the upper surface of the paper by the end of the carbon-coated paper, and the evaporated water is collected as drinking water by injecting sunlight. The distiller does not need expensive and heavy optical focusing components, and can achieve 88% of solar energy conversion efficiency (88% of solar energy is used for evaporating water) by using cheap carbon black powder, hydrophilic porous paper and black paper made of polystyrene foam. This allows a 1 square meter size device to purify approximately 1 liter of water per hour under sunlight without the need for optical means to concentrate, which is several times faster than current commercial devices. More importantly, the raw material cost of the device is less than $ 2 per square meter, and the device has a market prospect of large-scale popularization. However, when the portable solar still is used for purifying (desalinating) fresh water or seawater with high mineral content, the concentration of mineral (salt) in the water is continuously increased along with the evaporation of water on the illuminated surface of the non-woven paper, and finally crystals are generated, so that the efficiency of the evaporation process is reduced until the evaporation process is interrupted, and therefore, the device cannot be used for seawater desalination and cannot be used for purifying high mineral water.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a self-adaptive solar seawater desalination device aiming at the defects of low absorption efficiency and incapability of being used for seawater desalination and high mineral water purification in the prior art, realize the cyclic reciprocating process of seawater desalination through a cyclic evaporation component, and further improve the working efficiency through other auxiliary technical means.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a self-adaptive solar seawater desalination device comprises a case and a seawater tank arranged in the case, wherein a transparent cover is arranged above the case, and an evaporation tank is formed between the transparent cover and the case; the seawater desalination device also comprises a plurality of circulating evaporation components, wherein each circulating evaporation component comprises an upper rotating wheel, a lower rotating wheel and non-woven fabrics surrounding the upper rotating wheel and the lower rotating wheel; the lower part of the seawater tank is filled with seawater, and the lower rotating wheel is partially or completely immersed in the seawater; an evaporation window is formed in the upper shell of the seawater tank corresponding to the mounting position of the upper rotating wheel, and the upper part of the upper rotating wheel extends out of the evaporation window and then is positioned in the evaporation tank; the non-woven fabric is used as a carrier of an evaporation medium and surrounds the two rotating wheels to rotate at a constant speed or step by step according to design requirements.

In the above scheme, the desalination device further comprises a seawater pump, wherein a water inlet end of the seawater pump is communicated with external seawater through an external seawater filter, a water outlet end of the seawater pump is communicated with the seawater tank, and the seawater pump works continuously or intermittently to increase the flow of the seawater in the seawater tank and the external seawater, so that the salt content of the seawater at the lower part of the seawater tank is consistent with that of the external seawater.

In the above scheme, the surface of the non-woven fabric is coated with graphene.

In the scheme, a foam heat insulation material is laid on the inner side of the upper shell of the seawater tank.

In the above scheme, the seawater desalination device further comprises an overflow pipe, a seawater level line is marked in the seawater tank, the upper end of the overflow pipe is flush with the seawater level line, and the lower end of the overflow pipe is communicated with external seawater.

In the above scheme, the desalination device further comprises a condensation device and a cross-flow fan; the condensing device adopts a semiconductor refrigerating device, the hot end of the semiconductor refrigerating device is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the seawater tank, and the cold end of the semiconductor refrigerating device is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the seawater tank; the cross-flow fan circulates the water-containing air in the upper evaporation tank to the condensation layer at the lower part of the seawater tank.

In the above scheme, the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration device is provided with a hot end radiating fin immersed in seawater, and the cold end is provided with a cold end radiating fin.

In the above scheme, the lowermost layer of the case is a fresh water collecting tank, the fresh water collecting tank and the condensing layer are separated by a heat insulating layer, the heat insulating layer is provided with a drain hole, and condensed fresh water flows into the fresh water collecting tank through the drain hole.

In the above scheme, total delivery port has been seted up to the fresh water collecting box, total delivery port inboard is provided with fresh water filter unit, fresh water filter unit adopts annular active carbon filter bag, annular active carbon filter bag is including the outer wall that is equipped with the inlet opening and the inner wall that is equipped with the apopore, fill ring cylindricality carbonization package between outer wall and the inner wall, the inboard of inner wall is hollow column type cavity, column type cavity forms the outlet pipe, the one end of outlet pipe is sealed, the other end of outlet pipe with total delivery port intercommunication.

In the above scheme, the side of machine case sets up the equipment box, solar cell panel is installed at the top of equipment box, and the inside energy storage group battery that is equipped with of equipment box, solar cell panel convert solar energy into the electric energy and store in the energy storage group battery, the energy storage group battery is used for supplying power for the equipment in the equipment box.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention sets several circulation evaporation components in the sea water tank, the non-woven fabrics as evaporation medium carrier is surrounded on the upper and lower rotating wheels, the evaporation carrier at the evaporation window is from the upper layer of sea water, wherein the salt content of the absorbed sea water is the same as the sea water in the lower layer of sea water tank, after the medium of the evaporation window is evaporated for a period of time, the salt content of the absorbed sea water rises due to the evaporation of water, when the salt content rises to be close to the crystallization concentration, the upper rotating wheel and the lower rotating wheel operate, the new evaporation medium carrier with lower salt content and fresh sea water operates to the evaporation window, a new round of evaporation process starts, the original evaporation window medium carrier area with higher salt content moves downwards along with the operation of the mechanism until entering the sea water below, the salt content of the sea water in the medium carrier under the dilution of the sea water returns to the level same as the sea water below, the above processes are repeated circularly, and the seawater desalination is realized.

2. The thickened needle-punched non-woven fabric is used for replacing non-woven paper, the changed non-woven fabric has larger expansion evaporation surface area, and theoretically, the evaporation efficiency can be improved by more than 10 percent by the measure; in order to further improve the evaporation efficiency, the carbon black is changed into graphene to be used as a coating material for surface treatment of the evaporation medium carrier, so that the coating material has a wider absorption spectrum and higher absorption efficiency for solar radiation, and theoretically, the evaporation efficiency can be improved by more than 5%.

3. In order to further improve the evaporation efficiency, the invention also designs forced condensation circulation, on one hand, the collection mode of water vapor is changed, the shape of the transparent cover is flattened, the production, the transportation and the carrying are convenient, and the transparent cover has stronger physical performance in severe use environments such as sea stormy waves and the like; on the other hand, because the air humidity in the evaporation box is reduced, the transparent cover is not condensed with water vapor, the strength of sunlight reaching the surface of the evaporation medium is improved, the overall evaporation efficiency is improved, and because the air humidity in the evaporation box is reduced and is far lower than the water vapor saturation limit of the air, the overall evaporation efficiency of the system is also improved.

4. The self-adaptive solar seawater desalination device does not need external energy input (except sunlight) and does not need an external operation adjusting mode, the water body sensor on the seawater filter senses the set height of the water level, the device automatically starts to work, and otherwise, the device stops operating, and the self-adaptive solar seawater desalination device is particularly suitable for seawater desalination or drinking water purification on a floating island or a ship.

Drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art portable solar still;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the adaptive solar desalination apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the adaptive solar seawater desalination plant of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the adaptive solar desalination apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a fresh water filtration unit of the adaptive solar desalination apparatus of the present invention;

figure 6 is a simplified three-view diagram of a single seawater desalination module 600 x 200;

fig. 7 is a simplified three-view illustration of a seawater desalination module 1200 x 400;

fig. 8 is a simplified three-view illustration of the array seawater desalination module (1200 x 400) x 4.

In the figure: 10. a transparent cover; 11. an evaporation tank; 12. a condensation layer; 13. a vent outlet; 14. a vent inlet; 20. a sea water tank; 21. a foam insulation material; 22. a seawater waterline; 30. a circulating evaporation assembly; 31. an upper runner; 311. an upper rotating shaft; 32. a lower runner; 321. a lower rotating shaft; 34. non-woven fabrics; 41. a hot end heat sink; 42. a cold end heat sink; 43. a semiconductor refrigeration device; 50. a cross-flow fan; 60. a fresh water collection box; 61. a thermal insulation layer; 62. a fresh water filtration unit; 621. an outer wall; 622. a water inlet hole; 623. an inner wall; 624. a water outlet hole; 625. an annular cylindrical carbonization package; 626. a columnar cavity; 627. a plug; 70. an equipment box; 71. a solar panel; 72. an energy storage battery pack; 73. a stepping motor; 74. a circuit control element; 75. a sea water pump; 751. a water inlet end; 752. a water outlet end; 753. a seawater filter; 76. a level gauge; 80. an overflow pipe; 90. a case.

Detailed Description

For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 2-4, the adaptive solar seawater desalination apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a casing 90, a transparent cover 10 disposed above the casing 90, a seawater tank 20 disposed in the casing 90, a fresh water collecting tank 60 disposed at the bottom of the casing 90, and an equipment box 70 disposed at the side of the casing 90. An evaporation tank 11 is formed between the transparent cover 10 and the cabinet 90. The sea chest 20 is disposed at the middle upper portion of the cabinet 90, and the upper case of the cabinet 90 also serves as the upper case of the sea chest 20. A heat insulation layer 61 is arranged at a certain distance below the bottom of the seawater tank 20, a condensation layer 12 is formed between the bottom of the seawater tank 20 and the heat insulation layer 61, and a fresh water collecting box 60 is formed between the heat insulation layer 61 and the bottom of the case 90.

The seawater desalination device also comprises a plurality of circulating evaporation assemblies 30, wherein each circulating evaporation assembly 30 comprises an upper rotating wheel 31, a lower rotating wheel 32 and graphene coated non-woven fabrics 34 which are wound on the upper rotating wheel 31 and the lower rotating wheel 32. The lower part of the seawater tank 20 is filled with seawater, and the lower rotary wheel 32 is partially or completely immersed in the seawater. The upper casing of the seawater tank 20 is provided with an evaporation window at the installation position corresponding to the upper rotating wheel 31, the width of the evaporation window is equal to the diameter of the upper rotating wheel 31, and the upper half part of the upper rotating wheel 31 extends out of the evaporation window and then is positioned in the evaporation tank 11 of the device. The evaporation medium receives solar energy to evaporate and collect water in the medium, so as to desalt sea water. The graphene coated non-woven fabric 34 is used as a carrier of an evaporation medium and surrounds the two rotating wheels to rotate at a slow speed or step by step according to design requirements. Thus, the evaporation carrier in the evaporation window rises from the seawater in the lower seawater tank 20, wherein the salt content of the absorbed seawater is consistent with that of the seawater in the lower seawater tank, after the medium in the evaporation window is evaporated for a period of time, the salt content of the absorbed seawater rises due to the evaporation of water, when the salt content of the medium rises to be close to the crystallization concentration, the upper rotary wheel 31 and the lower rotary wheel 32 are operated, the new evaporation medium carrier with low salt content and fresh seawater runs to the evaporation window to start the evaporation process of the new round, and the medium carrier area of the original evaporation window with high salt content goes down along with the operation of the mechanism until the seawater enters the seawater below, and the salt content of the seawater in the medium carrier under the dilution of the seawater below is recovered to be consistent with that of the seawater below. The above processes are repeated circularly, and the seawater desalination is realized. Further preferably, the circulating evaporation assemblies 30 can be arranged and designed in an array mode according to needs.

Further preferably, in this embodiment, the desalination apparatus further includes a seawater pump 75 disposed in the equipment box 70, a water inlet end 751 of the seawater pump 75 is communicated with the external seawater, a water outlet end 752 is communicated with the seawater tank 20, and the seawater pump 75 works continuously or intermittently to increase the flow of the seawater in the seawater tank 20 and the external seawater, so as to ensure that the salt content of the seawater at the lower portion of the seawater tank 20 is consistent with the external seawater. A seawater filter 753 is installed at a water outlet 752 of the seawater pump 75 and used for filtering impurities in external seawater, and a starting water level sensor (not shown) is installed on the seawater filter 753, so that when the water level sensor senses a preset water level, the fresh water device is started to work, and otherwise, the fresh water device is stopped.

Further preferably, in the embodiment, the lower rotating shaft 32 of the circulating evaporation assembly 30 is installed on the lower rotating shaft 321, the upper rotating shaft 31 is installed on the upper rotating shaft 311, the upper rotating shaft 311 and the lower rotating shaft 321 are installed up and down in parallel, the upper rotating shaft 311 is installed at the upper shell of the seawater tank 20, and the lower rotating shaft 321 is installed in the seawater tank 20. The desalination device further comprises a stepping motor 73 arranged in the equipment box 70, wherein the output end of the stepping motor 73 is connected with the lower rotating shaft 321, so that the lower rotating wheel 32 serves as a driving wheel of the circulating evaporation assembly 30, and the upper rotating wheel 31 serves as a driven wheel of the circulating evaporation assembly 30.

Further preferably, in this embodiment, the thickened needle-punched non-woven fabric 34 is used instead of the non-woven paper, and the modified non-woven fabric 34 has a larger expansion evaporation surface area, and theoretically, the evaporation efficiency can be improved by more than 10%. In order to further improve the evaporation efficiency, the coating material of the evaporation medium carrier surface treatment is changed from carbon black to graphene, so that the coating material has a wider absorption spectrum and higher absorption efficiency for solar radiation. Theoretically, this measure can increase the evaporation efficiency by more than 5%.

Further optimize, in this embodiment, foam thermal insulation material 21 has been laid to the last casing medial surface of sea water tank 20, and foam thermal insulation material 21 has also been laid to the last casing medial surface between the adjacent circulation evaporation subassembly 30, and foam thermal insulation material 21 is used for improving evaporation tank 11 temperature, and circulation evaporation subassembly 30 can reduce condensation layer 12 temperature to improve the difference in temperature of evaporation tank 11 and condensation layer 12, thereby improve evaporation efficiency.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the seawater desalination apparatus further includes an overflow pipe 80, the seawater tank 20 is marked with a seawater level line 22, the upper end of the overflow pipe 80 is flush with the seawater level line 22, and the lower end is communicated with the external seawater. When the seawater in the seawater tank 20 exceeds the seawater level line 22, the seawater overflows through the overflow pipe 80, so that the upper rotating wheel 31 is prevented from being submerged by overhigh water level, and the evaporation efficiency is prevented from being influenced.

Further preferably, in this embodiment, in order to further improve the evaporation efficiency, the present invention further designs a forced condensation cycle, which includes a condensation device and a cross flow fan 50. The condensing device adopts a semiconductor refrigerating device 43, the hot end of the semiconductor refrigerating device 43 is arranged at the inner side of the bottom of the seawater tank 20, and the cold end of the semiconductor refrigerating device 43 is arranged at the outer side of the bottom of the seawater tank 20. The cross flow fan 50 is disposed in the casing 90 and outside the sea water tank 20, and a vent outlet 13 is disposed at one side of the lower portion of the evaporation tank 11, and a vent inlet 14 is disposed at the other side. The water-containing air in the upper evaporation tank 11 is circulated to the lower condensation layer 12 under the driving of the cross flow fan 50, and passes through the surface of the cold end radiating fin 42 of the semiconductor refrigeration device 43 in the condensation layer 12, and the water vapor in the air meets the condensation and is condensed into water drops and is collected into water to flow into the fresh water collecting tank 60 through the water drainage hole on the heat insulation layer 61.

Further preferably, in this embodiment, the hot-side heat sink 41 immersed in seawater is disposed at the hot side of the semiconductor refrigeration device 43, so that the refrigeration efficiency of the semiconductor refrigeration device 43 is improved by effectively dissipating heat from the circulating seawater flowing in the seawater tank 20.

The forced condensation circulation mode designed by the invention changes the collection mode of water vapor, flattens the shape of the transparent cover 10, is convenient for production, transportation and carrying, and has stronger physical properties in severe use environments such as sea stormy waves and the like. The forced condensation circulation mode reduces the air humidity in the upper evaporation box 11, which brings about three results: (1) the transparent cover 10 will not have moisture condensed, which increases the intensity of sunlight reaching the surface of the evaporation medium, thereby increasing the overall evaporation efficiency; (2) the reduction of the humidity of the air in the evaporation box 11 is far lower than the moisture saturation limit of the air, so that the overall evaporation efficiency of the system is improved; (3) in the strong condensing cycle, the temperature of the evaporation tank 11 is decreased, which causes the evaporation efficiency to be decreased. But the evaporation efficiency of the forced condensation circulation is greatly improved by comprehensive consideration. The cross-flow fan is used in forced condensation circulation, and the long wind wheel structure of the cross-flow fan enables air in the whole evaporation box 11 to circulate uniformly, so that the consistency of external working conditions of each evaporation window is guaranteed.

Further optimization, the fresh water filtering unit 62 is arranged on the inner side of the total water outlet of the fresh water collecting box 60 and used for adsorbing volatile odor substances in the purified water, so that the drinking quality of the purified water is improved. Specifically, with reference to fig. 2 and 5, the fresh water filtering unit 62 adopts a ring-shaped activated carbon filtering bag, the ring-shaped activated carbon filtering bag comprises an outer wall 621 provided with a water inlet hole 622 and an inner wall 623 provided with a water outlet hole 624, a ring-shaped columnar carbonization bag 625 is filled between the outer wall 621 and the inner wall 623, the inner side of the inner wall 623 is a hollow columnar cavity 626, the columnar cavity 626 forms a water outlet pipe, one end of the water outlet pipe is closed, and the other end of the water outlet pipe is communicated with the total water outlet. Fresh water enters the annular cylindrical carbonization package 625 from the water inlet 622, is filtered, flows to the cylindrical cavity 626 through the water outlet 624 and is finally discharged from the main water outlet. The main water outlet is provided with a plug 627.

Further optimize, in this embodiment, this device has designed the solar cell panel 71 and the energy storage group battery 72 that the power matches, solar cell panel 71 is installed in the top of equipment box 70, energy storage group battery 72 is installed inside equipment box 70, solar cell panel 71 changes solar energy into the electric energy and stores in energy storage group battery 72, be used for supplying power for each equipment in the equipment box 70, thereby realized that the device independently operates under the prerequisite that does not provide the energy beyond the sunshine, each application range of practicality of device has been improved greatly.

Further preferably, in the present embodiment, a level gauge 76 is provided on the solar cell panel 71 for ensuring that the whole device is horizontal during installation, so as to ensure the maximum contact area with sunlight.

Further, in this embodiment, a circuit control element 74 is further disposed in the equipment box 70, and respectively implements: (1) charging and discharging control of the solar cell panel 71 and the energy storage battery pack 72; (2) adjustable stepper motor 73 servo control; (3) starting and stopping control of a forced condensation circulation cross flow fan based on the air humidity of the evaporation box 11; (4) controlling the start and stop of a seawater pump 75 based on the salinity and the temperature of seawater; (5) fault self-checking control and communication report of the device.

The device can be used for purifying drinking water without any change, can be made into various dimensions, and has the following recommended dimensions in consideration of different using modes:

1. purification of drinking water

As shown in fig. 6, 600 × 200 (length × width × height) monomers

As shown in fig. 7, 1200 × 400 (length × width × height) monomers

2. Desalination of sea water

As shown in fig. 6, 600 × 200 (length × width × height) monomers

As shown in fig. 7, 1200 × 400 (length × width × height) monomers

3. Seawater desalination (array combining module), as shown in figure 8,

(1200 x 400 x 4) to form a module

Size 2500 x 1000 (length x width x height)

Contains 2500 x 600 lower fresh water tanks, and has a volume of 3.5 tons (cubic).

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A self-adaptive solar seawater desalination device comprises a case and a seawater tank arranged in the case, wherein a transparent cover is arranged above the case, and an evaporation tank is formed between the transparent cover and the case; the seawater desalination device is characterized by further comprising a plurality of circulating evaporation assemblies, wherein each circulating evaporation assembly comprises an upper rotating wheel, a lower rotating wheel and non-woven fabrics surrounding the upper rotating wheel and the lower rotating wheel; the lower part of the seawater tank is filled with seawater, and the lower rotating wheel is partially or completely immersed in the seawater; an evaporation window is formed in the upper shell of the seawater tank corresponding to the mounting position of the upper rotating wheel, and the upper part of the upper rotating wheel extends out of the evaporation window and then is positioned in the evaporation tank; the non-woven fabric is used as a carrier of an evaporation medium and surrounds the two rotating wheels to rotate at a constant speed or step by step according to design requirements;

the seawater desalination device also comprises a seawater pump, wherein the water inlet end of the seawater pump is communicated with external seawater through an external seawater filter, the water outlet end of the seawater pump is communicated with the seawater tank, and the seawater pump works continuously or intermittently to increase the flow of the seawater in the seawater tank and the external seawater so as to ensure that the salt content of the seawater at the lower part of the seawater tank is consistent with that of the external seawater; the seawater filter is provided with a starting water level sensor, when the water level sensor senses a preset water level, the fresh water device is started to work, and otherwise, the fresh water device is stopped.

2. The adaptive solar seawater desalination device of claim 1, wherein the surface of the non-woven fabric is coated with graphene.

3. The adaptive solar seawater desalination plant of claim 1, wherein a foam thermal insulation material is laid inside the upper shell of the seawater tank.

4. The adaptive solar seawater desalination device of claim 1, further comprising an overflow pipe, wherein the seawater tank is marked with a seawater level line, the upper end of the overflow pipe is flush with the seawater level line, and the lower end of the overflow pipe is communicated with external seawater.

5. The adaptive solar seawater desalination plant of claim 1, wherein the desalination plant further comprises a condensing unit and a cross-flow fan; the condensing device adopts a semiconductor refrigerating device, the hot end of the semiconductor refrigerating device is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the seawater tank, and the cold end of the semiconductor refrigerating device is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the seawater tank; the cross-flow fan circulates the water-containing air in the upper evaporation tank to the condensation layer at the lower part of the seawater tank.

6. The adaptive solar seawater desalination plant of claim 5, wherein the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration device is provided with hot end fins immersed in seawater, and the cold end is provided with cold end fins.

7. The adaptive solar seawater desalination device of claim 5, wherein the lowermost layer of the housing is a fresh water collection box, the fresh water collection box is separated from the condensation layer by a thermal insulation layer, the thermal insulation layer is provided with a drain hole, and condensed fresh water flows into the fresh water collection box through the drain hole.

8. The adaptive solar seawater desalination device of claim 7, wherein the fresh water collection box is provided with a total water outlet, a fresh water filtering unit is arranged inside the total water outlet, the fresh water filtering unit adopts a ring-shaped activated carbon filtering bag, the ring-shaped activated carbon filtering bag comprises an outer wall provided with a water inlet hole and an inner wall provided with a water outlet hole, an annular cylindrical carbonization bag is filled between the outer wall and the inner wall, the inner side of the inner wall is a hollow cylindrical cavity, the cylindrical cavity forms a water outlet pipe, one end of the water outlet pipe is closed, and the other end of the water outlet pipe is communicated with the total water outlet.

9. The adaptive solar seawater desalination device of claim 1, wherein an equipment box is arranged at the side of the machine box, a solar cell panel is installed at the top of the equipment box, an energy storage battery pack is arranged in the equipment box, the solar cell panel converts solar energy into electric energy to be stored in the energy storage battery pack, and the energy storage battery pack is used for supplying power to equipment in the equipment box.

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