CN111014229B - Pyrolysis recovery device utilizing waste heat of fuel cell and working method - Google Patents

Pyrolysis recovery device utilizing waste heat of fuel cell and working method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111014229B
CN111014229B CN201911085441.5A CN201911085441A CN111014229B CN 111014229 B CN111014229 B CN 111014229B CN 201911085441 A CN201911085441 A CN 201911085441A CN 111014229 B CN111014229 B CN 111014229B
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pyrolysis
fuel cell
gas
pyrolysis furnace
air
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CN111014229A (en
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孔为
金劲涛
陆斯钰
陆西坡
潘晶晶
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

Abstract

The invention discloses a pyrolysis recovery device utilizing waste heat of a fuel cell and a working method. The pyrolysis recovery device comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a fuel cell arranged in the pyrolysis furnace, a first gas supply system used for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell, a second gas supply system used for supplying air to the fuel cell, a third gas supply system used for providing an oxygen-free environment of the pyrolysis furnace, a first recovery system used for recovering pyrolysis gas of the pyrolysis furnace and a second recovery system used for recovering pyrolysis liquid of the pyrolysis furnace. The invention provides heat for pyrolysis by using the waste heat generated by the fuel cell during operation. The solid, liquid and gas after pyrolysis can be recovered. The invention effectively utilizes the waste heat of the solid oxide fuel cell, improves the energy utilization rate and realizes the full recycling of the waste printed circuit board.

Description

Pyrolysis recovery device utilizing waste heat of fuel cell and working method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a pyrolysis recovery device utilizing waste heat of a fuel cell and a working method.
Background
Economic development and technological advances have led to a continuous acceleration of the updating of electronic equipment, but at the same time, have led to an increase in electronic waste. The waste printed wiring board is a typical component of electronic waste, and the problem of electronic waste becomes increasingly serious due to the increasing production amount of the waste printed wiring board. How to solve the problem of recovering the waste printed circuit board is more and more paid attention by people.
Electronic waste is both resource and hazardous. From the aspect of resources, the environment-friendly flame retardant agent contains abundant recyclable useful materials such as metal, organic matters and glass fibers, and from the aspect of harm, the environment-friendly flame retardant agent contains some harmful substances such as cadmium, mercury, chromium, polyvinyl chloride plastics and brominated flame retardants, and once the environment-friendly flame retardant agent cannot be reasonably disposed, the environment can be influenced, and the environment-friendly flame retardant agent can also cause harm to human health.
At present, the treatment of the waste printed circuit board mainly comprises a chemical method, a mechanical method and a pyrolysis method, and practices show that the pyrolysis method is a clean and effective recovery method, has good environmental protection benefit, is rapidly developed in recent years, and is increasingly applied.
Pyrolysis refers to heating in a container under the condition of oxygen deficiency (generally at 300-900 ℃), combustible gas, liquid mixture and solid residue are generated, and separation of metal components and nonmetal components can be effectively realized. The pyrolysis gas product was examined by gas chromatography and found to be H as the major component2、CO、CO2、CH4And organic hydrocarbons.
And the waste printed circuit board pyrolysis and pyrolysis gas incineration mechanism research, the waste printed circuit board is treated by adopting a mechanical method, and the mechanical treatment method is to further mechanically or chemically purify the waste printed circuit board crushed into small particles according to the difference of the physical properties of the components of the waste printed circuit board, so that recoverable products and residues are finally obtained.
And the chemical treatment method is a method for separating the components of the waste circuit board by utilizing the difference of chemical stability. The main process involves a series of acid or caustic dissolution filtration of fine solid particulate materials to separate most of the metals from the non-metallic species, followed by extraction, precipitation, etc. of the liquid to recover the metal components.
The above method can deal with waste printed circuit boards, but has some problems. The mechanical treatment method cannot directly treat complex electronic waste products, cannot completely separate metal and nonmetal in the waste printed circuit boards, and the obtained metal concentrate is also a metal concentrate and still needs further processing in the later period. Chemical treatment processes are also limited by the effectiveness of solvent chemical separation. Furthermore, there are environmental problems due to the use of corrosive filtration solutions.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a pyrolysis recovery device utilizing waste heat of a fuel cell and a working method. The invention utilizes the high-temperature waste heat generated by the solid oxide fuel cell during power generation to pyrolyze the waste printed circuit board, reduces energy consumption, improves energy utilization efficiency, recovers the pyrolysis product and fully recycles the waste printed circuit board.
The technical scheme is as follows: the pyrolysis recovery device utilizing the waste heat of the fuel cell comprises a pyrolysis furnace, the fuel cell arranged in the pyrolysis furnace, a first air supply system used for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell, a second air supply system used for supplying air to the fuel cell, a third air supply system used for providing an anaerobic environment of the pyrolysis furnace, a first recovery system used for recovering pyrolysis gas of the pyrolysis furnace and a second recovery system used for recovering a pyrolysis raw material of the pyrolysis furnace.
The pyrolysis furnace is including setting up in the base of pyrolysis furnace below, set up in the roof of pyrolysis furnace top, set up in the pyrolysis furnace top with the exhaust system of first recovery system intercommunication.
And a heat insulation layer is arranged between the outer wall and the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace.
And a plurality of heat conducting mechanisms which are uniformly distributed at intervals are arranged around the fuel cell.
And a porous plate is arranged below the fuel cell.
The first gas supply system comprises a first gas guide pipe for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell and a second gas guide pipe for supplying hydrogen tail gas of the fuel cell; the second air supply system comprises a third air guide pipe for supplying air to the fuel cell and a fourth air guide pipe for supplying air tail gas of the fuel cell, and the second air guide pipe and the fourth air guide pipe are communicated with the exhaust system.
The second recovery system comprises a pyrolysis liquid collector arranged below the pyrolysis furnace and a guide pipe for conveying pyrolysis liquid in the pyrolysis liquid collector into the second recovery system.
The working method of the pyrolysis recovery device utilizing the waste heat of the fuel cell comprises the following steps:
(a) opening a third gas supply system, and introducing nitrogen into the pyrolysis furnace to create a nitrogen atmosphere;
(b) when the temperature of the fuel cell and the ambient environment reaches the working temperature of the fuel cell, the fuel cell starts to work, the first air supply system supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell, the second air supply system supplies air to the fuel cell, and residual hydrogen and air are supplied to the exhaust system to be exhausted and are supplied to the first recovery system together with pyrolysis gas entering the exhaust system;
(c) the perforated plate is arranged below the fuel cell, and pyrolysis liquid generated by pyrolysis raw materials during pyrolysis enters the pyrolysis liquid collector below through the perforated plate and is sent into the second recovery system.
Has the advantages that: (1) the invention effectively utilizes the waste heat of the solid oxide fuel cell, improves the energy utilization rate and realizes the full recycling of pyrolysis raw materials such as waste printed circuit boards; (2) the energy source during pyrolysis is the waste heat during power generation of the solid oxide fuel cell, so that the consumption of electric energy is reduced to a great extent, and the energy efficiency during power generation of the solid oxide fuel cell is improved; (3) the invention designs a recovery device for solid, liquid (pyrolysis liquid) and gas (pyrolysis gas) after pyrolysis, and the solid, liquid (pyrolysis liquid) and gas (pyrolysis gas) can be recovered as chemical raw materials or fuels, so that the pyrolysis raw materials are fully recycled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a pyrolysis recovery apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a heat dissipation mechanism of a pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an overall schematic view of a pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, the pyrolysis recovery apparatus using waste heat of a fuel cell according to the present invention includes a pyrolysis furnace 1, a fuel cell 2 disposed inside the pyrolysis furnace 1, a first air supply system 3 for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell 2, a second air supply system 4 for supplying air to the fuel cell 2, a third air supply system 5 for providing an oxygen-free environment of the pyrolysis furnace 1, a first recovery system 6 for recovering pyrolysis gas of the pyrolysis furnace 1, and a second recovery system 7 for recovering pyrolysis liquid of the pyrolysis furnace 1.
The pyrolysis furnace 1 comprises a pyrolysis cavity, a base 101, a top plate 102 arranged on the top end of the pyrolysis furnace 1, and an exhaust system 103 arranged above the top plate 102 of the pyrolysis furnace 1 and communicated with the first recovery system 6 are arranged at the bottom end of the pyrolysis furnace 1, and a heat insulation layer 105 is arranged between an outer wall 104 and an inner wall 106 of the pyrolysis furnace 1.
Pyrolysis oven 1 and third air supply system 5 intercommunication, third air supply system 5 is used for providing the anaerobic environment to pyrolysis oven 1, can be for when the pyrolysis of printed circuit board, the gas that does not react with the pyrolysis product is like inert gas, nitrogen gas etc, in this embodiment, third air supply system 5 is the system of carrying nitrogen gas, for the nitrogen gas holding vessel, before the pyrolysis, open the valve of nitrogen gas holding vessel, nitrogen gas enters into pyrolysis oven 1 through fifth air duct 501, make nitrogen gas be full of pyrolysis oven 1, in order to get rid of the air in the pyrolysis oven, ensure the anaerobic environment of pyrolysis process, build the atmosphere of nitrogen gas.
As shown in fig. 2, a fuel cell 2 (solid oxide fuel cell stack) is disposed in the center of the pyrolysis chamber of the pyrolysis furnace 1, and the residual heat of the fuel cell 2 is used to provide heat for the pyrolysis process. The fuel cell 2 includes an anode 201, a cathode 202, and an electrolyte layer 203, and a plurality of heat conducting mechanisms 204 are disposed around the fuel cell 2, and the heat conducting mechanisms 204 are heat conducting fins and are circumferentially and uniformly distributed around the fuel cell, so as to promote heat transmission and improve temperature uniformity in the pyrolysis furnace. A perforated plate 205 is provided below the fuel cell 2, the perforated plate 205 is a flat plate structure provided with a plurality of through holes, the perforated plate is horizontally fixed in the pyrolysis chamber, the perforated plate 205 supports the fuel cell 2, and pyrolysis liquid generated when the waste printed circuit board is pyrolyzed enters a pyrolysis liquid collector 701 below through the perforated plate 205, and solid products (metallic copper, coke, glass fiber, and the like) generated when the pyrolysis is recovered from above the perforated plate 205.
In this embodiment, the first gas supply system 3 is a hydrogen storage tank, and further includes a first gas duct 301 for supplying hydrogen gas to the fuel cell 2 and a second gas duct 302 for supplying hydrogen gas off-gas of the fuel cell 2.
The second air supply system 4 is an air compressor, and further includes a third air duct 401 for supplying air to the fuel cell 2 and a fourth air duct 402 for supplying air off-gas of the fuel cell 2, as shown in fig. 3, the second air duct 302 and the fourth air duct 402 are communicated with the exhaust system 103, and the gas entering the exhaust system 103 and the pyrolysis gas generated after pyrolysis of the pyrolysis raw material (in this embodiment, the printed circuit board) are discharged from the exhaust system 103 and enter the first recovery system 6.
Taking the first gas supply system as an example, in order to facilitate controlling the gas flow and controlling the opening and closing of the system, a first valve 303 is disposed on the first gas guiding tube 301 for controlling the gas flow and the opening and closing of the gas passage, and the valves disposed on the gas supply system and the recovery system are not described herein again.
The first recovery system 6 is a first recovery tank, the exhaust system 103 compresses the pyrolysis gas of the exhaust system 103 through a sixth gas guide pipe 601 and then collects the pyrolysis gas in the first recovery tank, and the first recovery system 6 is also provided with a valve for controlling the gas flow and opening and closing the recovery system. The gaseous products after pyrolysis are mostly light components with smaller mass, mainly comprising CO2、CO、H2O、CH4、C2H4And a small amount of volatile components such as bromide and benzene, and can be recycled.
The main structure of the second recovery system 7 is a second recovery tank for storing pyrolysis liquid, and the second recovery system further comprises a pyrolysis liquid collector 701 arranged below the pyrolysis furnace 1 and a guide pipe 702 for sending liquid in the pyrolysis liquid collector 701 into the second recovery system 7. The waste printed circuit boards are pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis liquid and solid products such as metal, and the pyrolysis liquid (mainly phenol, methyl phenol and isopropyl phenol) enters the pyrolysis liquid collector 701 below through the porous plate 205.
The working method of the pyrolysis recovery device using the waste heat of the fuel cell in the embodiment 1 is as follows:
(a) opening a third gas supply system, and introducing nitrogen into the pyrolysis furnace to create a nitrogen atmosphere;
(b) when the temperature of the fuel cell 2 and the surrounding environment reaches the operating temperature of the fuel cell 2, the fuel cell 2 starts to operate, the first air supply system 3 supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell 2, the second air supply system 4 supplies air to the fuel cell 2, and residual hydrogen and air are fed into the exhaust system 103 to be exhausted and are fed into the first recovery system together with pyrolysis gas entering the exhaust system;
(c) a perforated plate 205 is provided below the fuel cell 2, and pyrolysis liquid generated when the waste printed circuit boards are pyrolyzed is introduced into a pyrolysis liquid collector 701 below through the perforated plate 205, and is sent to the second recovery system 7.
The invention utilizes the characteristic of high temperature of the solid fuel cell, the waste printed circuit board is placed around the fuel cell, the heat preservation and heating effects can be achieved, and the device also recovers the pyrolysis product, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the whole system.

Claims (4)

1. A pyrolysis recovery device utilizing waste heat of a fuel cell is characterized by comprising a pyrolysis furnace (1), the fuel cell (2) arranged in the pyrolysis furnace (1), a first air supply system (3) used for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell (2), a second air supply system (4) used for supplying air to the fuel cell (2), a third air supply system (5) used for providing an anaerobic environment of the pyrolysis furnace (1), a first recovery system (6) used for recovering pyrolysis gas of the pyrolysis furnace (1) and a second recovery system (7) used for recovering pyrolysis liquid of the pyrolysis furnace (1);
the pyrolysis furnace (1) comprises a base (101) arranged below the pyrolysis furnace, a top plate (102) arranged above the pyrolysis furnace (1), and an exhaust system (103) arranged at the top end of the pyrolysis furnace (1) and communicated with the first recovery system (6);
a porous plate (205) is arranged below the fuel cell (2), and a plurality of heat conducting mechanisms (204) which are uniformly distributed at intervals are arranged on the periphery of the fuel cell (2); the heat conducting mechanism (204) is a heat conducting fin;
the second recovery system (7) comprises a pyrolysis liquid collector (701) arranged below the pyrolysis furnace (1) and a guide pipe (702) for conveying pyrolysis liquid in the pyrolysis liquid collector (701) into the second recovery system (7).
2. The pyrolysis recovery apparatus using the waste heat of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein an insulation layer (105) is disposed between an outer wall (104) and an inner wall (106) of the pyrolysis furnace (1).
3. The pyrolysis recovery device using the waste heat of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the first gas supply system (3) comprises a first gas guide pipe (301) for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell (2) and a second gas guide pipe (302) for supplying hydrogen off-gas of the fuel cell (2); the second air supply system (4) comprises a third air guide pipe (401) for supplying air to the fuel cell (2) and a fourth air guide pipe (402) for sending air tail gas of the fuel cell (2), and the second air guide pipe (302) and the fourth air guide pipe (402) are communicated with the exhaust system (103).
4. A method of operating a pyrolysis recovery unit according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: opening a third air supply system, and introducing nitrogen into the pyrolysis furnace to create a nitrogen atmosphere; when the temperature of the fuel cell and the ambient environment reaches the working temperature of the fuel cell, the fuel cell starts to work, the first air supply system supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell, the second air supply system supplies air to the fuel cell, and residual hydrogen and air are supplied to the exhaust system to be discharged and are supplied to the first recovery system together with pyrolysis gas entering the exhaust system; and (c) a porous plate is arranged below the fuel cell, and pyrolysis liquid generated by pyrolysis raw materials during pyrolysis enters a pyrolysis liquid collector below the porous plate and is sent into a second recovery system.
CN201911085441.5A 2019-11-08 2019-11-08 Pyrolysis recovery device utilizing waste heat of fuel cell and working method Active CN111014229B (en)

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CN114069001A (en) * 2021-11-24 2022-02-18 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 Reversible solid oxide battery system
CN115458769B (en) * 2022-09-06 2023-08-04 江苏毅合捷汽车科技股份有限公司 Waste heat recycling structure for hydrogen fuel cell system

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CN206846747U (en) * 2017-05-09 2018-01-05 中南大学 A kind of pyrolysis recovery device of waste and old circuit board
CN109593535A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-04-09 天津大学 The apparatus and method of solid waste pyrolytic gasification -- reforming plasma
CN209193890U (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-08-02 德兴市益丰再生有色金属有限责任公司 A kind of system of electronic waste pyrolysis recovery processing

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JP2000028117A (en) * 1998-07-09 2000-01-25 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Filth incinerator
CN1407948A (en) * 1999-12-09 2003-04-02 加利福尼亚大学董事会 Hydrogen production from carbonaceous material
JP2011038666A (en) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-24 Ebara Corp Combustion exhaust gas treatment device
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CN109593535A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-04-09 天津大学 The apparatus and method of solid waste pyrolytic gasification -- reforming plasma

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