CN111013190A - Method and device for extracting composition rich in cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon leaves - Google Patents
Method and device for extracting composition rich in cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon leaves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for extracting a composition rich in cinnamyl aldehyde from cinnamon leaves, and relates to the technical field of chemical extraction. The method comprises the following steps: washing and drying the cinnamon leaves, and crushing the cinnamon leaves into fragments; pouring the cinnamon leaf fragments into an SPE extraction tank of a subcritical propane fluid extraction device for subcritical propane fluid extraction; introducing the extraction fluid into an SPE separation tank; removing propane in the SPE separation tank to obtain a cinnamaldehyde composition; subjecting the cinnamaldehyde composition to supercritical fractionation, wherein the supercritical fractionation hardware comprises at least an SFF extraction tank, a first SFF fractionation tank, a second SFF fractionation tank, and a third SFF fractionation tank; the subcritical propane fluid extraction conditions were: the pressure of the SPE extraction tank is 30-55 bar, and the temperature is 40-75 ℃; the supercritical fractionation conditions were: the pressure of the SFF extraction tank is 75-350 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; the pressure of the first SFF fractionating tank is 74-250 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; the pressure of the second SFF fractionating tank is 45-200 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; and the pressure of the third SFF fractionating tank is 40-150 bar, and the temperature is 5-100 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical extraction, in particular to a method and a device for extracting a composition rich in cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon leaves.
Background
The cinnamon root/bark/branch/leaf contains cinnamaldehyde, and the known extraction methods are not limited to a water extraction method, an organic solvent extraction method and a supercritical fluid extraction method.
Taking a water extraction method as an example, for example: taiwan patent application No. 099114436, which is to extract distilled water under boiling condition; taiwan patent No. I463988, which is to add secondary water and boil cinnamomum cassia leaves at a temperature range of 180-220 ℃ to obtain an extract; taiwan patent No. I494117 continuously distilling with steam to obtain water extract containing cinnamaldehyde; CN201610660116.7 was extracted with water vapor; however, because cinnamaldehyde is a hydrophobic substance, the method has low extraction efficiency, and the extracted composition has low cinnamaldehyde content. In addition, CN201210518917.1, CN102964228B, CN102964229B, CN201210518899.7, CN201210518963.1, CN201220666255.8 and CN201220666403.6 are used to extract cinnamaldehyde by complicated steam distillation apparatus to improve the yield, but the efficiency is still insufficient.
By way of example, solvent extraction processes include: taiwan patent No. 401394, methanol and CH containing ether2N2Extracting with organic solvent such as solution, and partitioning and extracting with chloroform; taiwan patent No. I495487, which is an extraction method of extracting with 1 or more than 2 kinds of extraction solvents selected from ethanol, propylene glycol, 1, 3-butylene glycol, chloroform, dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, ethyl acetate, and hexane; taiwan patent No. I549686, cinnamon bark is continuously extracted with methanol, and after three times of continuous extraction, a methanol extract is obtained, and the methanol extract is subjected to partition extraction with methanol, water and n-hexane; CN201710245493.9 extracting cortex Cinnamomi with n-hexane as solvent; however, the organic solvent extraction methods have the following disadvantages: it is difficult to completely remove the harmful organic solvent after extraction.
Further, by way of example, the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method includes: taiwan patent No. I352611, extracting fat-soluble essential oil component in cinnamomum cassia leaf fragment with supercritical carbon dioxide; however, the extract obtained by the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method has the main component of essential oil, the content of cinnamaldehyde is low, and the essential oil cannot be easily separated.
The inventor of the present invention proposed a method for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves by subcritical propane fluid extraction in chinese patent application No. CN201910711602.0 (the present application is incorporated by reference), but the experimental data of the said method confirm that cinnamaldehyde obtained by SPE from cinnamon leaves is about 40-45%.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve the disadvantages mentioned in the prior art and to provide a method for extracting a cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves using a subcritical propane fluid extraction method and a supercritical fractionation method.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an extraction apparatus for extracting a cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an extraction apparatus for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich compositions from cinnamon leaves using a subcritical propane fluid extraction method and a supercritical fractionation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for extracting a cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves, comprising:
washing and drying cinnamon leaves, and then crushing the cinnamon leaves into fragments;
pouring the cinnamon leaf fragments into an SPE extraction tank of a subcritical propane fluid extraction device for subcritical propane fluid extraction;
introducing the extraction fluid into an SPE separation tank;
removing propane in the SPE separation tank to obtain a cinnamaldehyde composition;
subjecting the cinnamaldehyde composition to supercritical fractionation, wherein the supercritical fractionation hardware comprises at least an SFF extraction tank, a first SFF fractionation tank, a second SFF fractionation tank, and a third SFF fractionation tank;
the subcritical propane fluid extraction conditions are as follows: the pressure of the SPE extraction tank is 30-55 bar, and the temperature is 40-75 ℃; and
the supercritical fractionation conditions are as follows: the pressure of the SFF extraction tank is 75-350 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; the pressure of the first SFF fractionating tank is 74-250 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; the pressure of the second SFF fractionating tank is 45-200 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; and the pressure of the third SFF fractionating tank is 40-150 bar, and the temperature is 5-100 ℃.
The cinnamon leaf refers to cinnamon leaf of cinnamon (cinnamon), especially cinnamon leaf. The cinnamon is preferably cinnamon (cinmamum cassia), Cinnamomum burmanii (cinmamum burmanii), Cinnamomum japonicum (cinmamum tamala), Cinnamomum japonicum (cinmamum pedunculatum), Cinnamomum subanum (cinmamum osmophilum), Cinnamomum micranthum (cinmamum sublavenium), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinmamum verum), Cinnamomum grandifoliate (cinmamum iners), Cinnamomum yunnanensis (cinmamum glanduferum), Cinnamomum philippinense (cinmamum), Cinnamomum japonicum (cinmamum cassia), Cinnamomum burmanii (cinmamum burmanii), and the like, more preferably Cinnamomum burmanii (cinmamum cassia), and most preferably Cinnamomum burmanii (cinmamum cassia).
The cinnamon leaves are crushed into pieces, which are only used for improving the extraction effect and the extraction rate, the pieces are too large, and the extraction effect is poor, generally speaking, 1-100 square millimeters (mm)2) Preferably.
The Subcritical Propane fluid Extraction technology (hereinafter referred to as SPE), wherein the pressure of the SPE Extraction tank is preferably 30-55 bar (bar), preferably 35-50 bar, more preferably 40-47 bar; the temperature of the SPE extraction tank is 40-75 ℃, preferably 45-70 ℃, and more preferably 55-65 ℃; the pressure of the SPE separation tank is not lower than that of the propane storage tank, and is generally 8-10 bar; the SPE separation tank temperature is higher than the boiling point of propane, generally a temperature higher than room temperature is adopted, preferably 45-60 ℃, and the flow rate of propane depends on the productivity of the cinnamaldehyde-rich composition.
The supercritical fractionation conditions are as follows: the pressure of the SFF extraction tank is 75-350 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; the pressure of the first SFF fractionating tank is 74-250 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; the pressure of the second SFF fractionating tank is 45-200 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; and the pressure of the third SFF fractionating tank is 40-150 bar, and the temperature is 5-100 ℃.
Preferably, the preferred conditions for the supercritical fractionation are: the pressure of the SFF extraction tank is 80-300 bar, and the temperature is 35-90 ℃; the pressure of the first SFF fractionating tank is 74-200 bar, and the temperature is 35-90 ℃; the pressure of the second SFF fractionating tank is 45-150 bar, and the temperature is 35-80 ℃; and the pressure of the third SFF fractionating tank is 40-100 bar, and the temperature is 10-80 ℃.
More preferably, the more preferable conditions for supercritical fractionation are: the pressure of the SFF extraction tank is 90-250 bar, and the temperature is 40-80 ℃; the pressure of the first SFF fractionating tank is 74-150 bar, and the temperature is 40-80 ℃; the pressure of the second SFF fractionating tank is 45-100 bar, and the temperature is 40-70 ℃; and the pressure of the third SFF fractionating tank is 40-80 bar, and the temperature is 20-60 ℃.
In order to improve the fractionation efficiency, in the supercritical fractionation step, 2-10 times of alcohol (by weight) is added into the cinnamaldehyde composition, and after the cinnamaldehyde composition is uniformly mixed, the cinnamaldehyde composition is introduced into an SFF extraction tank to be subjected to supercritical fractionation.
The Supercritical Fluid fractionation technology (hereinafter referred to as SFF), wherein the SFF hardware includes at least an SFF extraction tank, a first SFF fractionation tank, a second SFF fractionation tank, and a third SFF fractionation tank, see fig. 8.
The SPE and SFF techniques described above may be operated separately and independently, see, for example, fig. 8; however, it is preferable that the SPE technique and the SFF technique are combined to form an integrated operation, for example, see FIGS. 9a to 9c, 10a to 10 d; FIGS. 9a to 9c illustrate a batch-type integrated operation mode; fig. 10a to 10d show a continuous integrated operation mode, and a continuous integrated operation mode (fig. 10a to 10d) is more preferable.
Taking fig. 8 as an example: the supercritical fractionation conditions were: the pressure of the SFF extraction tank is 75-350 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; the pressure of the first SFF fractionating tank is 74-250 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; the pressure of the second SFF fractionating tank is 45-200 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; and the pressure of the third SFF fractionating tank is 40-150 bar, the temperature is 5-100 ℃, and CO is discharged2The flow rate is adjusted according to the capacity.
In a second aspect, with continued reference to fig. 8, the present invention provides an apparatus for extracting cinnamaldehyde-enriched composition from cinnamon leaves, comprising:
an SPE module, said SPE module comprising a propane storage tank (110), and an SPE extraction tank (120);
at least one first common slot (210);
an SFF assembly comprising a first SFF fractionation tank (330), a second SFF fractionation tank (340), and a third SFF fractionation tank (350) connected in series; and
a controller assembly comprising a first shared controller (A21), a first SFF controller (A31), and a second SFF controller (A32); wherein the first shared controller (A21) is located between the SPE extraction tank and a first shared tank body (210); the first SFF controller (A31) located between the first shared controller (A21) and the carbon dioxide storage tank (310); the second SFF controller (A32) located between the first shared tank (210) and the first SFF fractionation tank (330);
when SPE operation is executed, the propane storage tank (110), the SPE extraction tank (120), the first sharing controller (A21) and the first sharing tank body (210) are in a conducting state to form an SPE device so as to execute the SPE operation; the first SFF controller (A31) and the second SFF controller (A32) are in a closed state;
when an SFF operation is performed, the carbon dioxide storage tank (310), the first SFF controller (a31), the first shared controller (a21), the first shared tank body (210), the second SFF controller (a32), the first SFF fractionating tank (330), the second SFF fractionating tank (340), and the third SFF fractionating tank (350) are sequentially connected in an on state to constitute an SFF device to perform an SFF operation; and a closed circuit state is established between the first shared controller (A21) and the SPE extraction tank (120).
In a third aspect, with continued reference to fig. 9 a-9 c and 10 a-10 d, the present invention provides an apparatus for extracting a cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves, comprising:
an SPE component, said SPE component comprising a propane storage tank (110), SPE extraction tank (120);
a shared slot assembly comprising a first shared slot (210) and a second shared slot (220);
an SFF assembly comprising a first SFF fractionation tank (330), a second SFF fractionation tank (340), a third SFF fractionation tank (350) connected in series; and
a controller assembly comprising an SPE controller (A11), a first shared controller (A21), a second shared controller (A22), a first SFF controller (A31), and a second SFF controller (A32); wherein the SPE controller (A11) is respectively connected with the SPE extraction tank (120), the first shared controller (A21) and the second shared controller (A22); the first sharing controller (A21) is respectively connected with the SPE controller (A11), the first sharing slot body (210) and the first SFF controller (A31); the second sharing controller (A22) is respectively connected with the SPE controller (A11), the second sharing slot body (220) and the first SFF controller (A31); the first SFF controller (A31) is respectively connected with the first shared controller (A21), the second shared controller (A22) and the carbon dioxide storage tank; the second SFF controller (A32) is respectively connected with the first shared groove body (210), the second shared groove body (220) and the first SFF fractionating groove (330);
the controller assembly can be continuously and automatically switched into two operation modes
(1) A closed state is formed between the SPE controller (A11) and the second sharing controller (A22), a closed state is formed between the first SFF controller (A31) and the first sharing controller (A21), and a closed state is formed between the second SFF controller (A32) and the first sharing slot body (210); the propane storage tank (110), the SPE extraction tank (120), the SPE controller (A11), the first sharing controller (A21) and the first sharing tank body (210) are sequentially connected to form an independent SPE device; meanwhile, a carbon dioxide storage tank (310), a first SFF controller (A31), a second shared controller (A22), a second shared tank body (220), a second SFF controller (A32), a first SFF fractionating tank (330), a second SFF fractionating tank (340) and a third SFF fractionating tank (350) are sequentially connected to form an independent SFF device;
(2) a closed state is formed between the SPE controller (A11) and the first shared controller (A21), a closed state is formed between the first SFF controller (A31) and the second shared controller (A22), and a closed state is formed between the second SFF controller (A32) and the second shared slot body (220); the propane storage tank (110), the SPE extraction tank (120), the SPE controller (A11), the second shared controller (A22) and the second shared tank body (220) are sequentially connected to form an independent SPE device; meanwhile, a carbon dioxide storage tank (310), a first SFF controller (A31), a first shared controller (A21), a first shared tank body (210), a second SFF controller (A32), a first SFF fractionating tank (330), a second SFF fractionating tank (340) and a third SFF fractionating tank (350) are sequentially connected to form an independent SFF device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can achieve the following technical effects: the invention adopts a subcritical propane fluid extraction method to extract cinnamon leaves, and then adopts a supercritical fractionation method to carry out supercritical fractionation on an extract so as to extract a composition rich in cinnamaldehyde; the technical effect of using the subcritical propane fluid extraction method is as follows: (1) the subcritical propane fluid extracts cinnamon leaves (particularly cinnamon leaves), so that the composition of cinnamaldehyde can be obtained with high efficiency; (2) extracting cinnamon leaves (especially Pimenta leaf) with subcritical propane fluid to obtain cinnamaldehyde composition; (3) under specific temperature and pressure, the cinnamon leaves (particularly the cinnamon leaves) are extracted by subcritical propane fluid, so that propane can be recovered, and the purposes of low cost and environmental protection are achieved; the technical effect of adopting the supercritical fractionation method is as follows: the cinnamaldehyde composition is fractionated by a supercritical fractionation method to obtain a cinnamaldehyde-rich composition, which is efficient, convenient and suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a GCMS spectrum of a cinnamaldehyde composition obtained by SPE extraction of Pimenta leaves of preparative example 1.
Figure 2 is a GCMS spectrum of cinnamaldehyde compositions obtained by SPE extraction of cinnamon leaves from preparative example 8.
Figure 3 is a GCMS spectrum of cinnamaldehyde compositions obtained by SPE extraction of cinnamon leaves from preparative example 9.
Fig. 4 is a GCMS spectrum of cinnamaldehyde composition obtained by SPE extraction of pimenta leaves of preparative example 12.
Figure 5 is a GCMS spectrum of cinnamaldehyde compositions obtained by SPE extraction of cinnamon leaves from preparative example 13.
Fig. 6 is a GCMS spectrum of cinnamaldehyde compositions obtained by extraction of Pimenta leaf with hexane in comparative examples.
Figure 7 is a GCMS spectrum of cinnamaldehyde-rich compositions obtained by SPE + SFF extraction of Pimenta leaf in example 1.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an apparatus for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9a to 9c are schematic diagrams of an apparatus for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves and a schematic operation thereof according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10a to 10d are schematic diagrams of an apparatus for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich compositions from cinnamon leaves and a schematic operation thereof according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, wherein like reference numerals represent like elements in the drawings. It is apparent that the embodiments to be described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the embodiments of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the embodiments of the invention. As used in the description of embodiments of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
A schematic diagram of an apparatus for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 8, which includes SPE and SFF apparatus. Wherein the SPE part comprises a propane storage tank 110, an SPE extraction tank 120 and an SPE separation tank 130; an SFF portion carbon dioxide-containing storage tank 310, an SFF extraction tank 320, a first SFF fractionation tank 330, a second SFF fractionation tank 340, a third SFF fractionation tank 350; while SPE devices and SFF devices each operate independently. In FIG. 8, the SPE extraction tank 120 is used to insert the cinnamon leaves to be extracted (especially Pimenta leaves) and perform SPE operations after introducing the subcritical propane fluid; the extracted cinnamaldehyde composition forms a propane (subcritical fluid) solution containing cinnamaldehyde, enters SPE separation tank 130, and after propane is discharged (recovered), a cinnamaldehyde composition is obtained, and SPE operation is completed. The cinnamaldehyde composition in the SPE separation tank 130 is transferred to the SFF extraction tank 320, and after introducing the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, SFF operation is performed, and a cinnamaldehyde-rich composition can be obtained in the first SFF fractionation tank 330.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a schematic diagram of an apparatus for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves as shown in fig. 9a, which is a combination SPE and SFF apparatus, wherein the SPE separation tank and the SFF extraction tank share the same tank, i.e. the first shared tank 210 in fig. 9 a; and a first sharing controller A21, a first SFF controller A31 and a second SFF controller A32 are additionally arranged, and the functions of the first sharing controller A21, the first SFF controller A31 and the second SFF controller A32 are as follows: when SPE operation is performed, as shown in fig. 9b, the first shared controller a21 is turned on, so SPE can be implemented smoothly (solid line part in fig. 9 b), the first SFF controller a31 and the second SFF controller a32 are closed, SFF is not performed (dotted line part in fig. 9 b), that is, only SPE operation is performed; when the SFF operation is performed, as shown in fig. 9c, the first SFF controller a31 and the second SFF controller a32 are connected, so the SFF operation can be smoothly performed (solid line portion in fig. 9 c), the first shared controller a21 is closed, the SPE is not performed (dotted line portion in fig. 9 c), that is, only the SFF operation is performed. The apparatus for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves provided in this example can save a tank (SPE separation tank or SFF extraction tank) and can omit the operation procedure of "transferring cinnamaldehyde composition in SPE separation tank 130 to SFF extraction tank 320" provided in the example shown in fig. 8.
Fig. 10a is a schematic view of an apparatus for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich compositions from cinnamon leaves according to another embodiment of the present invention, and compared to fig. 9a, the apparatus of this embodiment can achieve an automatic/continuous production mode by adding a second shared tank 220, an SPE controller a11, and a second shared controller a22, and has a compact production rhythm because there is no idle apparatus during continuous operation (fig. 10c, 10 d). The operation mechanism is introduced as follows:
(1) as shown in fig. 10b, the second shared controller a22, the first SFF controller a31 and the second SFF controller a32 are in a closed state (dashed line in fig. 10 b), the first shared controller a21 is in an open state, and the SPE controller a11 selects a direction (solid line in fig. 10 b) to the first shared controller a 21/the first shared tank 210, and only performs SPE operation for performing SPE operation on the 1 st batch of cinnamon leaves to obtain the 1 st batch of cinnamaldehyde composition as a raw material for performing SFF operation;
(2) as shown in fig. 10c, SPE controller a11 is selectively led to second shared controller a 22/second shared tank 220 (solid line part in fig. 10 c), first SFF controller a31 is selectively led to first shared controller a 21/first shared tank 210 (solid line part in fig. 10 c), and the second SFF controller a32 and the second shared tank 220 are in a closed state (dotted line part in fig. 10 c), that is, the carbon dioxide storage tank 310, the first SFF controller a 31/first shared controller a21, the first shared tank 210, the second SFF controller a32, the first SFF fractionating tank 330, the second SFF fractionating tank 340, and the third SFF fractionating tank 350 sequentially form a group of independent SFF devices for performing supercritical fractionation on the 1 st batch of cinnamaldehyde composition in (1); meanwhile, the propane storage tank 110, the SPE extraction tank 120, the SPE controller a11, the second shared controller a22, and the second shared tank 220 sequentially form a group of independent SPE devices for performing SPE operations on the 2 nd batch of cinnamon leaves to obtain the 2 nd batch of cinnamaldehyde compositions as the next batch of raw materials for performing SFF operations;
(3) as shown in fig. 10d, SPE controller a11 is selectively open to first shared controller a 21/first shared tank 210 (solid line part in fig. 10d), first SFF controller a31 is selectively open to second shared controller a 22/second shared tank 220 (solid line part in fig. 10d), and the second SFF controller a32 and the first shared tank 210 are in a closed state (dotted line part in fig. 10d), that is, the carbon dioxide storage tank 310, the first SFF controller 31/second shared controller 22, the second shared tank 220, the second SFF controller 32, the first SFF fractionating tank 330, the second SFF fractionating tank 340, and the third SFF fractionating tank 350 sequentially form a set of independent SFF devices for performing supercritical fractionation on the cinnamaldehyde batch 2 composition in (2); meanwhile, the propane storage tank 110, the SPE extraction tank 120, the SPE controller a11, the first shared controller a21, and the first shared tank 210 sequentially form a group of independent SPE devices for performing SPE operations on the 3 rd batch of cinnamon leaves to obtain the 3 rd batch of cinnamaldehyde compositions as a raw material for performing the next batch of SFF operations;
then, the operations (2), (3), (2) and (3) … are executed alternately, wherein the operation (2) is executed the nth time: SFF carries out supercritical fractionation operation on the 2n-1 batch of cinnamaldehyde compositions; SPE performing SPE operation on the 2 nth batch of cinnamon leaves to obtain a2 nth batch of cinnamaldehyde composition; the operation of executing (3) n times is: SFF performing supercritical fractionation operation on the 2 nth batch of cinnamaldehyde composition; SPE performed SPE on batch 2n +1 of Cinnamomum cassia leaves to obtain batch 2n +1 of Cinnamaldehyde composition.
It is understood that in other embodiments, the SPE device is preferably provided with a propane recovery device, the SFF device is preferably provided with a carbon dioxide recovery system, and the SPE and SFF devices are preferably provided with a check valve, a booster pump, a preheater, a discharge valve, a control valve, etc., which are well known in the prior art of SPE and SFF.
Specific examples are detailed below:
comparative example:
350 grams (g) of Pimenta leaf was extracted with conventional hexane extraction for 3 hours to ensure complete extraction of cinnamaldehyde. After removal of the hexane, the cinnamaldehyde content was measured to be 1.8 g.
Preparative example 1:
leaves of Pimenta (Cinnamomum cassia) are washed, dried, and then pulverized into 1-10mm pieces.
Weighing 350 g of Pimenta leaf fragments, pouring into an extraction tank of a subcritical propane fluid extraction device, and sequentially: determining the paths of a pump, an extraction tank, a separation tank and the like, and exhausting the original air; injecting propane (8bar) at the same pressure as the propane storage tank; the extraction conditions were set as follows: the flow rate of propane is 12 liters/hour, the pressure of the extraction tank is 45 bar/temperature 60 ℃, and the pressure of the separation tank is 8-10 bar/temperature 50 ℃. The subcritical extraction with propane was carried out for 2 hours under the above conditions to obtain 3.7g of product, whose GC-MS spectrum is shown in fig. 1, in which the main components: cinnamaldehyde content about 42%, extraction 86.3% (3.7 × 0.42/1.8); minor ingredients: o-methoxycinnamaldehyde (o-methoxycinnamaldehyde) about 11.2%, Methyl stearate (Methyl stearate) about 14.9%, coumarin (coumarin) about 7.9%; see table 1 for other ingredients.
Table 1: compositional data sheet for supercritical fluid extract of Pimenta leaf from preparative example 1
Preparatory examples 2 to 13
Similar to preparative example 1, but with slightly different subcritical extraction conditions, see table 2, the amounts of products obtained are also see table 2 below. Wherein the GC-MS spectra of preparative examples 8, 9, 12 and 13 are shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, wherein the cinnamaldehyde content is about 36-42%, and the yield is about 2.5-3.5 g.
Table 2: the flow rate (L/hr) of propane, the pressure (bar) in the extraction vessel, the temperature (. degree. C.) in the extraction vessel, and the weight (g) of the product in preparation examples 1 to 13 were set forth.
The main components, minor components and other detected components of the preliminary examples 2 to 13 were 16 kinds, similar to those of the preliminary example 1, and the proportions were also similar, as can be confirmed by comparing fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5 with fig. 1, respectively. Also, preparative example 8 had a cinnamaldehyde content of 36% and a yield of 2.5; preparative example 9 cinnamaldehyde content 39% yield 2.7 g; preparative example 12 cinnamaldehyde content 40% yield 2.9 g; preparative example 13, cinnamic aldehyde content 42%, yield 3.3 g; compared with the cinnamic aldehyde content of 42% in the preliminary example 1 and the yield of 3.7g, the method is slightly inferior, but still has industrial value.
Comparative example:
similar to preparative example 1, hexane was used for extraction, but the pressure in the extraction tank was 15bar, the temperature was 40 ℃, the pressure in the separation tank was 8-10bar, and the temperature was 40 ℃. The extraction result obtained only 1.8g of the product, the cinnamaldehyde content was only 16%, and the GC-MS spectrum is shown in FIG. 6, which is greatly different from that of preparative example 1 in terms of major components, minor components, and other detected components. The yield and cinnamaldehyde content of the comparative examples are also significantly lower than those of the preparative examples 1 to 13.
As can be seen from the preliminary examples and comparative examples, the method for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves according to the present invention is carried out under the following conditions: the pressure in the SPE extraction tank is preferably 30-55 bar (bar), more preferably 35-50 bar, and even more preferably 40-47 bar; the temperature of the SPE extraction tank is 40-75 ℃, preferably 45-70 ℃, and more preferably 55-65 ℃; the pressure of the SPE separation tank is not lower than that of the propane storage tank, and is generally 8-10 bar; the temperature of the SPE separation tank is higher than the boiling point of propane, generally the temperature is higher than room temperature, and preferably 45-60 ℃.
Example 1:
obtaining 100 g of cinnamaldehyde composition under the SPE extraction conditions of the preparation example 1, adding alcohol with five times the weight of the alcohol, stirring uniformly, and introducing into an extraction tank of an SFF device shown in figure 8, wherein the flow rate of carbon dioxide in the SFF extraction tank is 15-16 kg/h, the pressure is 100 bar, and the temperature is 60 ℃; the flow rate of carbon dioxide in the first SFF fractionating tank is 15-16 kg/h, the pressure is 75 bar, and the temperature is 60 ℃; the flow rate of carbon dioxide in the second SFF fractionating tank is 15-16 kg/h, the pressure is 50 bar, and the temperature is 50 ℃; and the third SFF fractionating tank is used for carrying out supercritical fractionation under the conditions that the carbon dioxide flow is 15-16 kg/h, the pressure is 45bar and the temperature is 20 ℃, 41 g of composition rich in the cinnamaldehyde can be extracted from the first SFF fractionating tank, the GC-MS spectrum of the composition is shown in figure 7, and the specific components are shown in Table 3. The cinnamaldehyde content was 69.6% which is much higher than 42.4% for SPE alone (preparatory example 1).
Table 3: table of compositional data for the extract of Pimenta leaf SPE + SFF of example 1
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (15)
1. A method for extracting a cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves, comprising:
washing and drying cinnamon leaves, and then crushing the cinnamon leaves into fragments;
pouring the cinnamon leaf fragments into an SPE extraction tank of a subcritical propane fluid extraction device for subcritical propane fluid extraction;
introducing the extraction fluid into an SPE separation tank;
removing propane in the SPE separation tank to obtain a cinnamaldehyde composition;
subjecting the cinnamaldehyde composition to supercritical fractionation, wherein the supercritical fractionation hardware comprises at least an SFF extraction tank, a first SFF fractionation tank, a second SFF fractionation tank, and a third SFF fractionation tank;
the method is characterized in that:
the subcritical propane fluid extraction conditions are as follows: the pressure of the SPE extraction tank is 30-55 bar, and the temperature is 40-75 ℃; and
the supercritical fractionation conditions are as follows: the pressure of the SFF extraction tank is 75-350 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; the pressure of the first SFF fractionating tank is 74-250 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; the pressure of the second SFF fractionating tank is 45-200 bar, and the temperature is 32-100 ℃; and the pressure of the third SFF fractionating tank is 40-150 bar, and the temperature is 5-100 ℃.
2. The method of extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves according to claim 1, wherein the SPE extraction tank pressure is 35 to 50 bar and temperature is 45 to 70 ℃.
3. The method of extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves according to claim 2, wherein the SPE extraction tank pressure is 40 to 47 bar and temperature is 55 to 65 ℃.
4. The method for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaf according to claim 1, wherein the size of the cinnamon leaf pieces is 1 to 10 mm.
5. The method of extracting cinnamaldehyde-enriched composition from cinnamon leaves according to claim 1, wherein the cinnamon leaves are selected from the leaves of at least one tree selected from the group consisting of Pimenta, Shanyugui, Chaiguan, Tianzhui, Tucinnamon, Cinnamomum tenuifolium, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamomum macranthum, Cinnamomum yunnanense, and Cinnamomum philippinense.
6. The method for extracting cinnamaldehyde-enriched composition from cinnamon leaves according to claim 5, wherein the cinnamon leaves are selected from the group consisting of leaf parts of Pimenta and/or Pimenta dioica.
7. The method for extracting cinnamaldehyde-enriched composition from cinnamon leaf according to claim 6, wherein the cinnamon leaf is Pimenta officinalis leaf.
8. The method of extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves according to claim 1, wherein the SPE separation tank pressure is 8 to 10bar and temperature is 45 to 60 ℃.
9. The method of extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaf of claim 1, wherein the SFF extraction tank is at a pressure of 80 to 300 bar and a temperature of 35 to 90 ℃; the pressure of the first SFF fractionating tank is 74-200 bar, and the temperature is 35-90 ℃; the pressure of the second SFF fractionating tank is 45-150 bar, and the temperature is 35-80 ℃; and the pressure of the third SFF fractionating tank is 40-100 bar, and the temperature is 10-80 ℃.
10. The method of extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaf of claim 9, wherein the SFF extraction tank is at a pressure of 90 to 250 bar and a temperature of 40 to 80 ℃; the pressure of the first SFF fractionating tank is 74-150 bar, and the temperature is 40-80 ℃; the pressure of the second SFF fractionating tank is 45-100 bar, and the temperature is 40-70 ℃; and the pressure of the third SFF fractionating tank is 40-80 bar, and the temperature is 20-60 ℃.
11. The method for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves according to claim 1, wherein 2 to 10 times by weight of alcohol is added to the cinnamaldehyde composition, and after mixing, the mixture is introduced into an SFF extraction tank to perform supercritical fractionation.
12. An apparatus for extracting a cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves, comprising:
the SPE component comprises a propane storage tank and an SPE extraction tank;
at least one first shared slot body;
an SFF assembly comprising a first SFF fractionation tank, a second SFF fractionation tank, and a third SFF fractionation tank connected in series; and
a controller assembly comprising a first shared controller, a first SFF controller, and a second SFF controller; wherein the first shared controller is located between the SPE extraction tank and the first shared tank body; the first SFF controller located between the first shared controller and the carbon dioxide storage tank; the second SFF controller positioned between the first shared tank and the first SFF fractionation tank;
the method is characterized in that:
when SPE operation is executed, the propane storage tank, the SPE extraction tank, the first sharing controller and the first sharing tank body are in a conducting state to form an SPE device so as to execute SPE operation; the first SFF controller and the second SFF controller are in a closed circuit state;
when SFF operation is executed, the carbon dioxide storage tank, the first SFF controller, the first shared tank body, the second SFF controller, the first SFF fractionating tank, the second SFF fractionating tank and the third SFF fractionating tank are sequentially connected to form an SFF device in a conducting state so as to execute the SFF operation; and the first shared controller and the SPE extraction tank are in a closed state.
13. An apparatus for extracting a cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves, comprising:
the SPE component comprises a propane storage tank and an SPE extraction tank;
the shared groove assembly comprises a first shared groove and a second shared groove;
the SFF component comprises a first SFF fractionating groove, a second SFF fractionating groove and a third SFF fractionating groove which are connected in sequence; and
a controller assembly comprising an SPE controller, a first shared controller, a second shared controller, a first SFF controller, and a second SFF controller; the SPE controller is respectively connected with the SPE extraction tank, the first shared controller and the second shared controller; the first sharing controller is respectively connected with the SPE controller, the first sharing slot body and the first SFF controller; the second sharing controller is respectively connected with the SPE controller, the second sharing trough body and the first SFF controller; the first SFF controller is respectively connected with the first shared controller, the second shared controller and the carbon dioxide storage tank; the second SFF controller is respectively connected with the first sharing groove body, the second sharing groove body and the first SFF fractionating groove;
the method is characterized in that: the controller assembly can be continuously and automatically switched into two operation modes
(1) A closed state is formed between the SPE controller and the second sharing controller, a closed state is formed between the first SFF controller and the first sharing controller, and a closed state is formed between the second SFF controller and the first sharing tank; the propane storage tank, the SPE extraction tank, the SPE controller, the first sharing controller and the first sharing tank body are sequentially connected to form an independent SPE device; meanwhile, a carbon dioxide storage tank, a first SFF controller, a second shared groove body, a second SFF controller, a first SFF fractionating groove, a second SFF fractionating groove and a third SFF fractionating groove are sequentially connected to form an independent SFF device;
(2) the SPE controller and the first sharing controller are in a closed state, the first SFF controller and the second sharing controller are in a closed state, and the second SFF controller and the second sharing trough body are in a closed state; the propane storage tank, the SPE extraction tank, the SPE controller, the second shared controller and the second shared tank body are sequentially connected to form an independent SPE device; meanwhile, the carbon dioxide storage tank, the first SFF controller, the first sharing groove body, the second SFF controller, the first SFF fractionating groove, the second SFF fractionating groove and the third SFF fractionating groove are sequentially connected to form an independent SFF device.
14. Use of the apparatus for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves according to claim 13, in extracting cinnamaldehyde composition from the cinnamon leaves using propane when performing SPE operation and then performing supercritical fractionation of the cinnamaldehyde composition when performing SFF operation to obtain cinnamaldehyde-rich composition.
15. Use of the apparatus for extracting cinnamaldehyde-rich composition from cinnamon leaves according to claim 14, which is to extract cinnamaldehyde composition from cinnamon leaves with propane by using separate SPE apparatus in turn from both (1), (2) operation modes; and performing supercritical fractionation on the cinnamaldehyde composition obtained by the independent SPE operation by using an independent SFF device to obtain a cinnamaldehyde-rich composition.
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