KR100814133B1 - Method for maca extracts with high content of macamide - Google Patents

Method for maca extracts with high content of macamide Download PDF

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KR100814133B1
KR100814133B1 KR1020060121854A KR20060121854A KR100814133B1 KR 100814133 B1 KR100814133 B1 KR 100814133B1 KR 1020060121854 A KR1020060121854 A KR 1020060121854A KR 20060121854 A KR20060121854 A KR 20060121854A KR 100814133 B1 KR100814133 B1 KR 100814133B1
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extraction
maca
macamide
extract
carbon dioxide
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이승호
강정일
이상윤
변상요
송영근
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주식회사 내추럴하우스
풀무원건강생활 주식회사
주식회사풀무원
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L19/00Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L19/09Mashed or comminuted products, e.g. pulp, purée, sauce, or products made therefrom, e.g. snacks
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/02Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation containing fruit or vegetable juices
    • A23L2/04Extraction of juices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/38Other non-alcoholic beverages
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/10General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
    • A23L5/17General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying in a gaseous atmosphere with forced air or gas circulation, in vacuum or under pressure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2250/00Food ingredients
    • A23V2250/20Natural extracts

Abstract

A method of producing maca extract(Lepidium meyenii) with a high content of macamide by using super critical carbon dioxide extraction is provided to increase extraction efficiency and ensures safety because of using no harmful organic solvent. Lepidium meyenii is extracted by using super critical carbon dioxide extraction by increasing the temperature and pressure of super critical carbon dioxide by a gradient of 0.375deg.C per min from 35deg.C to 80deg.C per and 4.375bar per min from 75bar to 600bar for 2hr.

Description

마카마이드 고 함유 마카 추출물 제조방법 {Method for Maca Extracts with High Content of Macamide}Manufacturing Method of Maca Extract High Maca Extract {Method for Maca Extracts with High Content of Macamide}

도 1은 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하는 마카로부터 마카마이드 고 함유 마카추출물 제조공정을 도시한 것이다.1 illustrates a process for preparing maca high content maca extract from maca using supercritical carbon dioxide.

① 추출기 ② 감압 조절기Extractor ② Pressure reducer

③ CO2 - Oil 분리기 ④ 냉각기(chiller)③ CO 2 -Oil Separator ④ Cooler

⑤ 액화 CO2 저장조 ⑥ CO2 보충 공급조⑤ Liquefied CO 2 reservoir ⑥ CO 2 replenishment supply tank

⑦ CO2 순환 펌프 ⑧ 보조용매 주입구⑦ CO 2 circulation pump ⑧ Co-solvent inlet

⑨ 열교환기 ⑩ 마카추출물Heat exchanger ⑩ maca extract

⑪ CO2 vent ⑫ 응축수 제거⑪ CO 2 vent 제거 Remove condensate

도 2는 초임계 이산화탄소로 추출된 추출물 구성 성분을 나타내는 HPLC 크로마토그램을 도시한 것이다.Figure 2 shows an HPLC chromatogram showing the extract components extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide.

본 발명은 초임계 유체를 이용하는 마카마이드 고 함유 추출물 제조방법 및 그를 이용하여 제조된 마카 추출물에 관한 것으로, 기존 유기용매 추출방식에 비해 마카마이드 함량을 효율적으로 고농축 할 수 있으며 추출과정 시 유해 잔류용매 문제가 없어 경제성과 안전성을 모두 갖춘 추출물을 제조하는 기술이다.The present invention relates to a method for producing a high extract of macaamide using a supercritical fluid and to a maca extract prepared using the same, which can efficiently concentrate the high content of macaamide compared to the conventional organic solvent extraction method and harmful residual solvent during the extraction process. It is a technology to manufacture extracts with both economical and safety because there is no problem.

마카 (Maca, Lepidium meyenii)는 남아메리카 페루의 안데스 고산 지역 자생식물로 알려져 있다. 주로 뿌리를 날것으로 또는 건조하여 먹는데, 일반적으로 자양강장, 불임개선 및 남녀 성기능 향상에 효과가 있다고 알려져 있다. 특히 성호르몬 불균형을 개선시켜줌으로써 남성에게는 활력증진 및 정자 수 증가와 같은 성기능 향상과 같은 효능이 있으며, 여성에게는 임성(妊性)강화와 월경 증후군 및 갱년기 증상완화 같은 효능이 다수의 연구결과(Urology 2000 55(4):pp598-602, Journal of Endocrinology 2003 176: pp163-168, Journal of Ethnophar macology 2005 103:pp448-454 (2005))에서 보고되면서 건강보조식품으로서 관심이 증가하고 있다. 마카에는 다양한 종류의 이차대사산물이 함유되어있다. 알칼로이드, 글루코시놀레이트, 지방산, 마카마이드(macamide), 마카엔(macaene) 등이 대표적인 이차대사산물로서, 그중 마카마이드가 성기능 향상 및 개선 효능과 매우 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 현재까지 7종의 마카마이드가 보고되었으며, 마카마이드에 대한 효능 연구가 계속적으로 진행되고 있다.Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a native plant of the high Andes region of Peru, South America. The roots are eaten raw or dried, and are generally known to be effective in nourishing tonic, improving fertility and improving sexual function of men and women. In particular, by improving sex hormone imbalance, men have the same effect as improving sexual function such as vitality and sperm count, and women have increased efficacy such as fertility, menstrual syndrome and menopausal symptoms. 2000 55 (4): pp598-602, Journal of Endocrinology 2003 176: pp163-168, Journal of Ethnophar macology 2005 103: pp448-454 (2005)). Maca contains a variety of secondary metabolites. Alkaloids, glucosinolates, fatty acids, macamide (macamide), macaene (macaene) and the like are representative secondary metabolites, of which mamacamide is known to have a very close relationship with sexual enhancement and improving efficacy. To date, seven types of macamide have been reported, and studies on the efficacy of macamide are ongoing.

마카의 효능을 연구하는 대부분의 경우, 마카 추출물을 이용하여 효능을 분석 평가하였다. 여기에 적용한 추출법은 대부분 알코올 및 헥산과 같은 유기용매를 이용하는 추출 (예, Cell Biology and Toxicology 2006 22:pp91-99)이었다. 또한 마카 추출에 관련된 특허가 등록되어있다 (US 6,267,995 B1(2001), US 6,428,824 B1(2002), US 6,552,206 B1(2003)). 이들 특허에서 마카 추출물을 얻는 방법은, 알코올과 메탄올을 이용하여 추출하는 단계와, 필요에 따라 역상크로마토그래피 컬럼을 이용하여 정제하는 단계로 구성되어 있으며 최종 공정을 통해 최대 마카마이드를 10%까지 농축시킬 수 있다고 보고되어 있다. 하지만 특허를 포함하는 기존 마카 추출법은 마카마이드 함량을 높이기 위해서 여러 단계의 유기 용매 추출과정과 추가적인 정제 단계를 적용해야 하는데 이러한 방법으로 생산된 추출물은 현실적으로 식품 원료로서 사용이 불가능하고 생산비용이 높아져 실제 공정에서는 적용되기 어려운 한계가 있어 현재 식품원료로 유통되는 마카 추출물은 알코올 추출법을 이용하여 마카마이드 함량을 0.6%까지 농축시킨 추출물이 대부분이다(Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 50(7): pp988-991, PureWorld社 마카추출물(MacaPure®)). 또한 이들 추출법은 추출과정에 유해한 유기용매를 사용한다는 점에서 환경 문제를 유발할 가능성이 많고 무엇보다도 유기 용매를 식품제조에 사용한다는 것에 대한 소비자들의 부정적인 반응을 예상할 수 있다. 따라서, 유해 유기용매를 사용하지 않으면서 마카로부터 마카마이드 고 함유 마카추출물을 경제적으로 간단하게 추출할 수 있는 방법을 개발하여야 할 필요성이 계속 대두 되었다.In most cases of studying the efficacy of maca, the efficacy of the maca extract was analyzed and evaluated. Most of the extraction methods applied here were extraction using organic solvents such as alcohol and hexane (eg, Cell Biology and Toxicology 2006 22: pp91-99). Patents related to maca extraction are also registered (US 6,267,995 B1 (2001), US 6,428,824 B1 (2002), US 6,552,206 B1 (2003)). The method of obtaining the maca extract in these patents consists of extracting with alcohol and methanol, and purifying with reverse phase chromatography column if necessary. It is reported to be possible. However, existing maca extraction methods, including patents, require multiple steps of organic solvent extraction and additional purification steps in order to increase the amount of macamide, and the extracts produced in this way are practically impossible to use as food ingredients and have high production costs. Due to the limitation of the process, most of the maca extracts that are currently distributed as food ingredients are concentrated extracts with alcohol content of 0.6% (Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 50 (7): pp988-991, PureWorld). Maca Extract (MacaPure ® )). In addition, these extraction methods are likely to cause environmental problems in that they use harmful organic solvents in the extraction process, and above all, consumers can expect negative reactions to the use of organic solvents in food manufacturing. Therefore, there is a continuing need to develop a method for economically and simply extracting macaamide-containing maca extract from maca without using harmful organic solvents.

따라서, 본 발명자들은 유해한 유기용매를 사용하지 않으면서 마카에 포함된 효능물질인 마카마이드를 다량 함유하는 추출물을 제조하고자 예의 연구 노력한 결과, 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 마카로부터 마카마이드를 효율적으로 분리하는 추출방법을 개발하고 그를 이용하여 제조된 추출물을 제공할 수 있음을 확인하고, 본 발명을 완성하게 되었다.Accordingly, the present inventors have diligently researched to prepare extracts containing a large amount of macaamide, an agonist contained in maca, without using harmful organic solvents. It was confirmed that the development of the extraction method and to provide an extract prepared using the same, to complete the present invention.

본 발명에 따른 초임계 유체를 이용하는 마카마이드(Macamide) 고 함유 추출방법의 핵심인 초임계 유체의 추출은 초임계 상태의 유체가 갖는 여러 장점을 이용하는 기술로, 증류(distillation)와 추출(extraction)의 원리가 같이 적용되는 복합 기술의 성격을 갖기 때문에 여러 가지 독특한 장점을 갖는다. 초임계 유체는 압력 온도의 조작에 의하여 고밀도 상태에서 저밀도 상태의 어떤 조건 설정도 가능하기 때문에 분획 및 분리 등의 선택성이 뛰어나서 고순도의 제품을 얻을 수 있고, 추출 용매를 손실 없이 거의 완전하게 회수할 수 있으며, 잔존 용매가 없는 정제물을 얻을 수 있는 기술로 이미 알려져 있다. 초임계 유체로서 이산화탄소를 가장 많이 이용하는데, 이산화탄소는 그 임계 압력이 7.4 MPa 이고, 임계 온도가 31℃로 낮아 일반적으로 초임계 조건을 만들기 쉽고, 이산화탄소 자체가 독성이 없고 비용이 저렴하기 때문에 식품의 추출 등에 가장 선호되고 있다.The extraction of supercritical fluid, which is the core of the macamide high content extraction method using the supercritical fluid according to the present invention, utilizes the advantages of the supercritical fluid, which is distillation and extraction. Because of the nature of the complex technology applied to the principle of has a number of unique advantages. Supercritical fluids can be set to any condition from high density to low density by manipulating the pressure temperature, so the product has excellent selectivity such as fractionation and separation, so that high purity products can be obtained and the extraction solvent can be recovered almost completely without loss. It is already known as a technique for obtaining a purified product with no residual solvent. Carbon dioxide is most commonly used as a supercritical fluid, which has a critical pressure of 7.4 MPa and a critical temperature of 31 ° C., which is generally easy to create supercritical conditions, and because carbon dioxide itself is non-toxic and inexpensive, Most preferred for extraction.

본 발명에 사용된 마카는 학명으로 Lepidium meyenii이라고 불리는 여러 마카 종(種)중 황색빛을 가진 Amarillo종으로 페루 Junin지방에서 재배되어 자연 건조한 다음 파쇄시켜 분말화한 건조마카분말을 CHS Bioscience & Technology社로부터 수입하여 초임계 유체 추출의 원료로 사용하였다.The maca used in the present invention is Amarillo, a yellowish color among several maca species called Lepidium meyenii, which is grown in Junin province, Peru, and dried and crushed to dry powdered maca powder, CHS Bioscience & Technology Co., Ltd. It was imported from and used as raw material for supercritical fluid extraction.

본 발명은 초임계 유체를 건조마카분말과 접촉시켜 마카에 있는 마카마이드가 고 함량 함유된 혼합물을 추출하는 추출기와, 추출이 끝난 후 초임계 유체 속의 추출물을 분리시키는 기능을 갖는 감압분리기를 특징으로 하고 있다. 상기 감압분리기에서는 추출기에서 나온 초임계 유체를 감압하여 마카마이드 고 함유 추출물을 얻고, 감압분리기에서 분리된 초임계 유체 용매를 다시 회수하여 추출기로 공급하여 재사용하는 순환장치 등으로 구성되어 있다.The present invention is characterized in that the extractor for extracting a mixture containing a high content of macaamide in the maca by contacting the supercritical fluid with dry maca powder, and a reduced pressure separator having a function of separating the extract in the supercritical fluid after extraction Doing. The decompressor is composed of a circulation device for decompressing the supercritical fluid from the extractor to obtain a high extract of macamide, and recovering the supercritical fluid solvent separated from the depressurizer and supplying it to the extractor for reuse.

도 1은 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 건조마카분말로부터 마카마이드를 많이 함유하는 추출물을 추출하는 장치를 개략적으로 도시한 개략도이다.1 is a schematic diagram schematically showing an apparatus for extracting an extract containing a lot of macamide from dry maca powder using supercritical carbon dioxide.

본 발명에 따른 초임계 추출장치를 보다 구체적으로 살펴보면, 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 추출기①에 원료인 건조마카분말을 충진하고, 열교환기⑨를 통하여 추출에 적합하게 가열된 초임계 이산화탄소를 추출기①의 하단부에 공급한다. 이렇게 공급된 초임계 이산화탄소는 충진된 건조마카분말과 접촉하여 마카마이드를 추출하며 상승한 뒤 추출기 밖으로 방출되는데, 추출된 초임계 이산화탄소와 추출물의 혼합물은 감압밸브②를 경유하며 감압되면서 감압기③으로 이송된다.Looking at the supercritical extracting apparatus according to the present invention in more detail, as shown in Figure 1, and filled with dry maca powder as a raw material in the extractor ①, extracting the supercritical carbon dioxide suitable for extraction through the heat exchanger ⑨ extractor Supply to the bottom of ①. The supercritical carbon dioxide supplied in this way is contacted with the dried maca powder, extracts the macamide, rises and is released out of the extractor. The mixture of extracted supercritical carbon dioxide and the extract is transferred to the pressure reducer ③ while decompressing via the pressure reducing valve②. do.

감압기③에서는 추출된 혼합물과 이산화탄소가 분리되며, 분리된 이산화탄소는 열교환기④를 통하며 액화된 후 저장조⑤로 순환되어 재사용되며, 감압기③에서 분리된 추출물은 최종 제품⑩로 수거된다. 이산화탄소 저장조⑥에는 순환되어 공급되는 이산화탄소 외에 전 공정에서 발생하는 약간의 손실을 보충하도록 외부에서 이산화탄소가 보충될 수 있다. 저장조⑤에 저장된 이산화탄소는 펌프⑦를 통하여 가압되어 초임계 상태로 열교환기⑨를 통하여 다시 추출기에 공급된다. 보조용매는 필요에 따라 보조용매주입구⑧을 통하여 공급된다.In the pressure reducer ③, the extracted mixture and carbon dioxide are separated, and the separated carbon dioxide is liquefied through the heat exchanger ④, circulated to the storage tank ⑤ and reused, and the extract separated in the pressure reducer ③ is collected as a final product⑩. The carbon dioxide storage tank ⑥ can be supplemented with carbon dioxide from the outside to compensate for some losses incurred in the entire process in addition to the carbon dioxide supplied in circulation. The carbon dioxide stored in the reservoir ⑤ is pressurized by the pump ⑦ and supplied to the extractor again through the heat exchanger ⑨ in a supercritical state. The cosolvent is supplied through the cosolvent inlet ⑧ as needed.

이러한 과정은 마카로부터 목표로 정한 추출 수율에 이를 때까지 연속적으로 진행된다. 또한 연속운전을 위하여, 추출기①은 2개 이상을 설치하여 다수의 공급밸브와 다수의 배출밸브를 조절하여 교대로 사용하는데, 사용하지 않는 추출기에서는 추출이 끝난 원료를 제거하고 새로운 원료를 충진 하여 다음번의 추출에 대비한다.This process continues continuously from the maca until the targeted extraction yield is reached. In addition, for continuous operation, two or more extractors ① are installed and used by alternating a plurality of supply valves and a plurality of discharge valves.In an extractor not used, the extracted raw material is removed and a new material is filled next time. Prepare for extraction.

이와 관련하여, 본 발명에 따른 초임계유체를 이용하는 마카마이드 추출방법에 대해 설명한다.In this regard, a method for extracting macamide using a supercritical fluid according to the present invention will be described.

본 발명에 따른 초임계 유체를 이용하는 고 함량 마카마이드 추출물 추출방법은 기본적으로 건조마카분말을 추출기에 충진하고, 추출기에 초임계 유체를 투입하여 마카마이드를 추출하고, 이렇게 추출된 초임계 유체와 마카마이드 추출물을 감압시켜 분리하며, 분리된 유체를 펌프에 의해 가압하여 재순환시키는 공정으로 구성된다.The method for extracting high content of macadamide extract using the supercritical fluid according to the present invention basically fills the dry maca powder in the extractor, extracts the macaamide by adding a supercritical fluid to the extractor, and thus extracts the supercritical fluid and maca. The amide extract is separated under reduced pressure, and the separated fluid is pressurized by a pump and recycled.

이때, 마카마이드의 추출 효율을 향상시키기 위하여 마카를 미세입자로 파쇄하는 전처리 공정이 더 추가되는 것이 바람직하다. 또한, 상기 초임계 유체는 여러 가지가 사용될 수 있지만, 이산화탄소를 사용하는 것이 가장 바람직하며, 특히 온도는 35~80℃ 사이, 압력은 75~600 bar 사이일 때가 추출효율이 좋은 것으로 확인하였다.At this time, it is preferable that a pretreatment step of crushing the maca into fine particles is further added to improve the extraction efficiency of the macamide. In addition, although the supercritical fluid can be used in various ways, it is most preferable to use carbon dioxide, especially when the temperature is between 35 ~ 80 ℃, the pressure is between 75 ~ 600 bar was confirmed that the extraction efficiency is good.

마카마이드 추출 효율에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요소는 초임계 유체 추출시스템의 압력과 온도 조절이다. 초임계 유체의 압력과 온도를 일정한 값으로 유지하며 추출하는 방법보다는, 압력과 온도를 추출과정에서 기울기구배(Gradient)로 상승시켜 마카마이드의 선택성을 높여 추출하는 방법이 마카마이드 함량을 높이는데 효과가 우수하였다.The most important factor affecting the efficiency of macamide extraction is the pressure and temperature control of the supercritical fluid extraction system. Rather than extracting while maintaining the pressure and temperature of the supercritical fluid at a constant value, the method of increasing the pressure and temperature by gradient in the extraction process to increase the selectivity of the macamide is effective in increasing the content of macamide. Was excellent.

이하, 본 발명의 추출 방법 및 공정의 우수성을 실제 실험을 통하여 검증하였으며, 그에 따른 결과들을 하기 표들에 기재하였다.Hereinafter, the excellence of the extraction method and process of the present invention was verified through actual experiments, and the results are shown in the following tables.

실시예 1〉: 초임계 유체의 압력 및 온도 변화에 따른 마카 추출 효율< Example 1 >: Maca extraction efficiency according to the pressure and temperature change of the supercritical fluid

상기 언급된 추출 공정에서 건조마카분말 100그램을 추출기에 충진하고, 초임계 이산화탄소의 온도를 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80℃ 로 변화시키며 추출하여 수집한 추출물 함량과 마카마이드 함량을 측정하였다. 이때 초임계유체의 압력은 500 bar로 유지하였고, 2시간 동안 추출하였다.In the above-mentioned extraction process, 100 grams of dried maca powder was charged into the extractor, and the extracted extract content and the macamide content were measured by changing the temperature of supercritical carbon dioxide to 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 ° C. It was. At this time, the pressure of the supercritical fluid was maintained at 500 bar, and extracted for 2 hours.

마찬가지로 상기 추출 공정에서 초임계 이산화탄소의 압력을 75, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 bar로 변화시키며 추출하고 수집한 추출물과 마카마이드 함량을 측정하였다. 이때 초임계유체의 온도는 50 ℃로 유지하였고, 2시간 동안 추출하였다.Similarly, in the extraction process, the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide was changed to 75, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 bar, and the extracted and collected extracts and the macamide content were measured. At this time, the temperature of the supercritical fluid was maintained at 50 ℃, and extracted for 2 hours.

추출물에 함유된 마카마이드 함량은 HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography)로 분석하였다. 추출물을 70% 에탄올에 용해시킨 후, 여과하여 수득한 액상성분을, 고정상으로는 C18 칼럼 (AQUA 5μ C18, 250 × 4.6mm)을 사용하여 HPLC에 적용하였다. 이동상으로는 아세토니트릴 (acetonitrile) 과 물을 gradient로 혼합하여 사용하는데, 초기에는 아세토니트릴과 물의 비율이 55:45로 시작하여 35분까지 95:5로 증가시키고 이후 40분까지 95:5의 비율을 유지하였다. 이동상의 용출속도는 1.2 ㎖/min로 하였고, 칼럼 온도는 40℃로 일정하게 유지하였다. 검출기로는 UV 검출기를 사용하였는데, 초기에서 23분까지는 280 nm, 그 후 40 분까지 210 nm 파장을 유지하였다. 그림 2는 초임계 추출물 HPLC 분석 결과로서, macamide, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, macaene 성분의 크로마토그램을 나타낸다.Machamide content in the extract was analyzed by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). After dissolving the extract in 70% ethanol, the liquid component obtained by filtration was subjected to HPLC using a C18 column (AQUA 5μ C18, 250 x 4.6 mm) as a stationary phase. As a mobile phase, acetonitrile and water are mixed in a gradient. Initially, the ratio of acetonitrile and water starts at 55:45, increases to 95: 5 until 35 minutes, and then increases the ratio of 95: 5 to 40 minutes. Maintained. The elution rate of the mobile phase was 1.2 mL / min, and the column temperature was kept constant at 40 ° C. A UV detector was used as the detector, and the wavelength was maintained at 280 nm for the first 23 minutes and then 210 nm for 40 minutes. Figure 2 shows the results of HPLC analysis of supercritical extracts and shows chromatograms of macamide, linolenic acid, linoleic acid and macaene.

초임계 추출로 수집한 추출물 함량은 그램(g)으로 표시하였고, 마카마이드 함량은 추출물 전체에서 차지하는 마카마이드 양을 퍼센트(%)로 계산하여 표 1과 표 2에 나타내었다.The extract content collected by supercritical extraction was expressed in grams (g), and the macamide content was shown in Table 1 and Table 2 by calculating the amount of macamide in the extract as a percentage (%).

표 1의 결과에서 보듯이 수집된 추출물의 양은 대체적으로 압력과 온도가 증가함에 따라 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 추출 압력은 500bar에서 추출물의 양이 가장 많았고, 추출 온도는 40℃ 이상에서는 추출물의 양이 많이 증가하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 추출물 내의 마카마이드 함량은 온도나 압력의 영향을 크게 받지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 상기 결과를 통해 초임계 이산화탄소의 조건이 50℃, 500bar일 때 추출 효율 및 추출물의 마카마이드 함량이 가장 높게 추출된다는 것을 확인하였다.As shown in the results of Table 1, the amount of the collected extract was found to increase with increasing pressure and temperature. The extraction pressure was the most amount of extract at 500bar, the extraction temperature was found to increase the amount of the extract much more than 40 ℃. However, it was found that the amount of macadam in the extract was not significantly affected by temperature or pressure. Therefore, it was confirmed that the extraction efficiency and the extract's macadamite content were the highest when the conditions of supercritical carbon dioxide were 50 ° C. and 500 bar.

[표 1] 초임계 유체의 온도 변화에 따른 마카 추출 효율[Table 1] Extraction efficiency of maca by temperature change of supercritical fluid

Figure 112006509727673-pat00008
Figure 112006509727673-pat00008

[표 2] 초임계 유체의 압력 변화에 따른 마카 추출 효율[Table 2] Maca extraction efficiency according to the pressure change of supercritical fluid

Figure 112006509727673-pat00009
Figure 112006509727673-pat00009

실시예 2〉: 초임계추출 중 온도 상승에 의한 마카마이드 함량 변화< Example 2 >: Changes in the macamide content due to temperature rise during supercritical extraction

실시예 1과 같이 추출기에 건조마카분말 100 그램을 충진하고 초임계 이산화탄소로 추출하였다. 이때 추출 압력은 500 bar로 일정하게 유지하면서, 추출 온도를 35℃에서 80℃ 까지 2시간에 걸쳐 증가시키며 추출 하였다. 추출 온도 증가 방식은 기울기구배(Gradient)를 이용하여 추출 초기 온도를 35℃로 설정하여 추출이 진행됨에 따라 분당 0.375℃로 점진적으로 상승시켜 추출 완료 시점인 2시간 째 80℃에 이르게끔 설정하였다. 실시예 1과 같이 수집한 추출물 함량과 추출물 내의 마카마이드 함량을 측정하여 표 3에 나타내었다.As in Example 1, 100 grams of dried maca powder was filled into the extractor and extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide. At this time, while maintaining the extraction pressure constant at 500 bar, the extraction temperature was extracted while increasing over 2 hours from 35 ℃ to 80 ℃. The extraction temperature increasing method was set to 35 ° C. by using a gradient gradient and gradually increased to 0.375 ° C. per minute as the extraction proceeded to reach 80 ° C. at the completion time of extraction for 2 hours. As shown in Table 3, the extract content and the macamide content in the extract were collected as in Example 1.

표 3의 결과에서 보듯이 실시예 1에서 얻은 추출조건 (추출 압력 500 bar, 추출 온도 50℃ 로 일정)과 비교하여 마카마이드 함량이 증가함을 알 수 있었다.As shown in the results of Table 3, it can be seen that the macamide content is increased compared to the extraction conditions obtained in Example 1 (extraction pressure 500 bar, constant extraction temperature 50 ℃).

[표 3] 초임계추출 중 온도 상승에 따른 마카마이드 함량 증가[Table 3] Increase in Machamide Content with Temperature Rise during Supercritical Extraction

Figure 112006509727673-pat00010
Figure 112006509727673-pat00010

실시예 3〉: 초임계추출 중 압력 상승에 의한 마카마이드 함량 변화< Example 3 >: Changes in the macamide content due to pressure rise during supercritical extraction

실시예 1과 같이 추출기에 건조마카분말 100 그램을 충진하고 초임계 이산화탄소로 추출하였다. 이때 추출 온도는 50℃로 일정하게 유지하면서, 추출 압력을 75 bar에서 600 bar 까지 2시간에 걸쳐 실시예 2와 같이 기울기구배(Gradient)를 이용하여 압력을 증가시키며 추출 하였다. 추출 압력 증가 방식은 온도 상승 방식과 마찬가지로 추출 초기 압력을 75bar로 설정하여 추출이 진행됨에 따라 분당 4.375bar씩 점진적으로 증가시켜 추출 완료 시점인 2시간 째 600bar에 이르게끔 설정하였다. 실시예 1와 같이 수집한 추출물 함량과 추출물 내의 마카마이드 함량을 측정하여 표 4에 나타내었다.As in Example 1, 100 grams of dried maca powder was filled into the extractor and extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide. At this time, while maintaining a constant extraction temperature at 50 ℃, extraction pressure was extracted by increasing the pressure using a gradient gradient (Gradient) as in Example 2 over 2 hours from 75 bar to 600 bar. The extraction pressure increase method was set to reach the bar at 600 bar at the completion time of extraction by increasing the extraction initial pressure to 75bar as the temperature increase method, gradually increasing by 4.375bar per minute as the extraction proceeds. As shown in Table 4, the extract content and the macamide content in the extract were collected as in Example 1.

표 4의 결과에서 보듯이 실시예 1에서 얻은 추출조건 (추출 압력 500 bar, 추출 온도 50℃ 로 일정)와 비교하여 추출물의 양은 약간 감소하였지만, 마카마이드 함량은 46% 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 압력을 기울기구배 방식으로 점진적으로 증가시킴으로서, 초임계추출 방법의 마카마이드에 대한 선택성이 높아져 마카마이드 함량이 높아진 것으로 판단된다. 참고로, 추출물에는 마카마이드 외에도 리놀렌산 (linolenic acid), 레놀레산(linoleic acid), 마카엔 (macaene) 등이 함유되어 있었다.As shown in the results of Table 4, the amount of the extract was slightly reduced compared to the extraction conditions (constant pressure 500 bar, constant extraction temperature 50 ℃) obtained in Example 1, it can be seen that the content of macamide increased 46%. This gradually increases the pressure by the gradient system, and the selectivity to the macamide of the supercritical extraction method is increased, it is believed that the content of macamide is increased. For reference, the extract contained linolenic acid, linoleic acid, macaene, and the like, in addition to macamide.

[표 4] 초임계추출 중 압력 상승에 따른 마카마이드 함량 증가[Table 4] Increase in Machamide Content by Pressure Rise during Supercritical Extraction

Figure 112006509727673-pat00011
Figure 112006509727673-pat00011

이상, 상기 실시예를 통하여 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명은 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 마카에 함유된 대표적 효능물질인 마카마이드가 고 함량 함유된 추출물을 제조하는 방법에 관한 것으로, 추출 시 초임계 이산화탄소 압력과 온도를 각각 기울기구배로 증가시킴으로서 기존의 유기용매를 이용한 농축방법에 비해 마카마이드가 고효율로 추출되어 경제적 효용가치가 뛰어나며 유해한 유기용매가 잔류하지 않기 때문에 식품원료로서의 안전성 문제도 확보 할 수 있게 되었다. 이에 현재 식품 원료로 판매되고 있는 마카 추출물(PureWorld社 MacaPure®)의 제조방법과 동일한 알코올 추출법을 이용하여 70% 알코올로 건조마카분말 100g을 60℃에서 추출하고 잔류용매를 모두 제거하여 제조한 추출물과 마찬가지로 건조마카분말 100g을 이용하여 상기 초임계 추출법으로 추출된 마카 추출물의 추출물 함량 및 추출물 내의 마카마이드 함량, 추출물 1g당 마카마이드 함량을 비교하여 표 5에 나타내었다.As described above, the present invention relates to a method for preparing an extract containing a high content of macamide, which is a representative agonist contained in maca, using supercritical carbon dioxide. Increasing the temperature by the gradient, respectively, compared to the conventional concentration method using organic solvents, the extraction of macamide with high efficiency, economical value is excellent, and no harmful organic solvents remain, it is possible to secure safety as a food raw material. Therefore, by using the same alcohol extraction method as the manufacturing method of maca extract (PureWorld MacaPure ® ), which is currently sold as a food raw material, 100 g of dried maca powder was extracted at 60 ° C. with 70% alcohol and all residual solvents were removed. Similarly, using 100 g of dried maca powder, the extract content of the maca extract extracted by the supercritical extraction method, the macamide content in the extract, and the macamide content per 1 g of the extract are shown in Table 5 below.

[표 5] 제조 방법에 따른 마카 추출물 내 마카마이드 함량 비교[Table 5] Comparison of Macamide Content in Maca Extracts According to Manufacturing Methods

Figure 112006509727673-pat00012
Figure 112006509727673-pat00012

Claims (1)

마카(Maca, Lepidium meyenii)로부터 마카마이드 함량을 높게 추출하는 방법에 있어서, 초임계 이산화탄소 추출법을 이용하여 초임계 이산화탄소의 온도와 압력을 2시간 동안 온도는 35℃에서 80℃까지, 분당 0.375℃씩 상승시키고 압력은 75bar에서 600bar까지 분당 4.375bar씩 기울기구배(Gradient)로 증가시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 마카마이드 고 함유 추출물 제조방법.In the method of extracting high macaamide content from Maca (Lepidium meyenii), the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method is used to extract the temperature and pressure of supercritical carbon dioxide for 2 hours from 35 ° C. to 80 ° C., 0.375 ° C. per minute. A method of producing a high extract of macadam, characterized in that the increase in pressure by increasing the gradient from 75bar to 600bar 4.375bar per minute (Gradient).
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104223307A (en) * 2014-10-11 2014-12-24 王衍彬 Maca beverage and preparation method thereof
KR20160052820A (en) 2014-10-08 2016-05-13 제이앤팜유한책임회사 Production method and its composition for fermentation of propolis, Lepidium melenii Walpers and Angelica gigas N.
CN105837462A (en) * 2016-04-27 2016-08-10 广东药学院 Method for extracting Macamide compound
CN106501402A (en) * 2016-10-31 2017-03-15 中山大学 A kind of Supercritical fluid chromatography analysis method of macamide constituents

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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KR0177800B1 (en) * 1990-06-27 1999-03-20 다리오 보나코르시 Echinacea extracts, process for the preparation thereof and formulations containing them
US6267995B1 (en) 1999-03-03 2001-07-31 Pure World Botanicals, Inc. Extract of Lepidium meyenii roots for pharmaceutical applications
WO2005072684A1 (en) 2004-01-28 2005-08-11 Suntory Limited Process for producing maca extract

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR0177800B1 (en) * 1990-06-27 1999-03-20 다리오 보나코르시 Echinacea extracts, process for the preparation thereof and formulations containing them
US6267995B1 (en) 1999-03-03 2001-07-31 Pure World Botanicals, Inc. Extract of Lepidium meyenii roots for pharmaceutical applications
WO2005072684A1 (en) 2004-01-28 2005-08-11 Suntory Limited Process for producing maca extract

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20160052820A (en) 2014-10-08 2016-05-13 제이앤팜유한책임회사 Production method and its composition for fermentation of propolis, Lepidium melenii Walpers and Angelica gigas N.
CN104223307A (en) * 2014-10-11 2014-12-24 王衍彬 Maca beverage and preparation method thereof
CN105837462A (en) * 2016-04-27 2016-08-10 广东药学院 Method for extracting Macamide compound
CN106501402A (en) * 2016-10-31 2017-03-15 中山大学 A kind of Supercritical fluid chromatography analysis method of macamide constituents

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