CN111004637B - Device for preparing high-quality fuel gas by pyrolyzing carbon-containing raw materials - Google Patents
Device for preparing high-quality fuel gas by pyrolyzing carbon-containing raw materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN111004637B CN111004637B CN201811176990.9A CN201811176990A CN111004637B CN 111004637 B CN111004637 B CN 111004637B CN 201811176990 A CN201811176990 A CN 201811176990A CN 111004637 B CN111004637 B CN 111004637B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/18—Modifying the properties of the distillation gases in the oven
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of energy and chemical industry, and relates to a device for preparing high-quality fuel gas by pyrolyzing carbon-containing raw materials, which comprises a feed inlet, a combustion heating chamber, a pyrolysis reaction chamber, an internal gas collection cavity, a fuel gas collection channel, a fuel gas outlet, a coke quenching chamber and a semicoke outlet, wherein the internal gas collection cavity is positioned in the middle area in the pyrolysis reaction chamber, pores are arranged on the side walls of two sides of the gas collection cavity, a gas path for pyrolysis gas-phase products to flow to the internal gas collection cavity from a material layer is formed, the fuel gas collection channel is positioned outside the bottom area of the pyrolysis reaction chamber, and a pore channel is arranged on the reactor wall shared by the fuel gas collection channel and the gas path for. The device can effectively remove tar and dust in the process of preparing the fuel gas by utilizing the granular carbon-containing raw materials with wide particle size distribution, and improves the quality of the fuel gas and the yield of the fuel gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy and chemical industry, in particular to a device for preparing high-quality fuel gas by pyrolyzing carbon-containing raw materials.
Background
Besides natural gas, various industries in China utilize a large amount of CO and H every year2、CH4Is mainly composed ofSuch as gas produced from coal, biomass, and various wastes. Among them, coal-based gas is due to significant resource and cost advantages, and most of the industrial gas consumed in China every year is derived from coal. Typically, industrial fuel gas is produced by gasification. Pyrolysis of carbonaceous feedstocks such as coal in an inert atmosphere produces tar, non-condensable gases, and char. In fact, in many real-life productions only coke (or semi-coke) production and as much as possible of medium-high calorific value gas are required without the need for tars. Generally, the tar content of the fuel gas is strictly limited, and the lower the tar content is, the better the tar content is, so that the tar production is required to be reduced or inhibited, and the tar is prevented from being mixed into the fuel gas to cause adverse effects on subsequent purification treatment and application.
In order to solve the problems, the patent application CN1112153A discloses a method for producing urban coal gas and semicoke by coal pyrolysis, which mainly comprises the following steps: adding briquettes made of lump coal or pulverized coal into a pyrolysis furnace, performing coal pyrolysis at the temperature of 900-. The disadvantages of this method are: the cost is high by using lump coal or coal balls as raw materials; the generated pyrolysis gas contains tar, and a tar removing procedure is required to be added outside the furnace for further purification treatment, so that the investment and the process complexity are increased. Patent application CN1062751A discloses a method and a device for producing dry distillation coal gas, wherein the dry distillation coal gas is produced by pyrolyzing low-rank coal by taking circulating hot ash of a circulating fluidized bed boiler as a heat source, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: the crushed coal is preheated, dried and de-bonded in a fluidized bed dryer, the heat required by coal drying is provided by the sensible heat of hot flue gas and the combustion of coal in the dryer, dry coal discharged from the dryer and circulating hot ash discharged from the lower part of a separator of a circulating fluidized bed boiler are simultaneously sent to a dry distillation reactor, the coal is heated by the hot ash at the working temperature of 400-. The method has the following defects: when the circulating hot ash is used as a heat source, coal gas released by coal pyrolysis can carry a large amount of dust in the process of flowing out of the reactor, so that the long-term stable operation of a subsequent purification process is influenced; under the process condition of the method, the discharged coal gas still has more tar components, and a subsequent special tar removing procedure is needed.
Therefore, an integrated device for preparing high-quality fuel gas by utilizing the carbon-containing raw material with wide particle size distribution is still lacked at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integrated device for preparing high-quality fuel gas by utilizing a carbon-containing raw material with wide particle size distribution, which reduces the subsequent tar removal process by removing tar components in the fuel gas in the device, increases the fuel gas yield, reduces the dust content in the fuel gas and obtains the high-quality fuel gas.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an integrated apparatus for high quality gas production from coal pyrolysis, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, an internal gas collection cavity 4, a gas collection channel 5, a gas outlet 6 and a coke quenching chamber 7; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the inner gas collection cavity 4 is positioned in the middle area of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, and the side wall of the side face of the gas collection cavity is provided with a pore to form a gas path for the pyrolysis gas to flow to the inner gas collection cavity 4 from a carbon-containing raw material layer, the gas collection channel 5 is positioned outside the bottom end area of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, and the reactor wall covered by the gas collection channel is provided with a pore to form a gas path for the gas to flow from a granular material (semi-coke) layer to the gas collection channel 5.
Preferably, the device also comprises a charging opening 1, a combustion heating chamber 2 and a quenching chamber 7, wherein the charging opening 1 is positioned at the top of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3; the combustion heating chambers 2 are positioned at two sides or the periphery of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3 and are separated by a common wall, and the carbon-containing raw materials 1 are positioned in the pyrolysis reaction chamber and enter the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3 and then are heated simultaneously in the descending process to generate pyrolysis gas; the coke quenching chamber 7 is positioned below the pyrolysis reaction chamber 2, a semicoke outlet 8 is arranged at the bottom of the coke quenching chamber 7, and a cooling medium inlet 9 is also arranged in the coke quenching chamber 7 and used for introducing media such as water vapor and the like to cool the hot coke discharged from the pyrolysis chamber.
Preferably, the medium of the cooling medium inlet 9 comprises one or more of water (liquid), water vapor and nitrogen.
Preferably, the side wall of the internal gas collecting cavity 4 is a high-temperature resistant wall or plate with pores, or the side wall is a louver structure formed by a plurality of plates arranged in parallel at intervals, the pores are inclined downward-opening holes from the inside of the gas collecting cavity to the outside of the gas collecting cavity, and solid particles are prevented from entering the gas collecting cavity while allowing gas to pass through.
Preferably, the gas collecting channel 5 is provided with a pore channel on the reactor wall covered by the gas collecting channel, the reactor wall is a high-temperature resistant wall body with pores, a pipe or a plate, or the reactor wall is a louver structure formed by a plurality of plates arranged in parallel at intervals, and the pores are formed by obliquely downwards opening the gas collecting channel to the direction of the pyrolysis reaction chamber.
Preferably, the gas collecting channel 5 is provided with a gas outlet 6 from which the gas produced by the device is led out.
Preferably, the carbonaceous feedstock comprises various fuels in particulate form containing elemental carbon, preferably but not limited to coal, agricultural and forestry and industrial process biomass waste, waste rubber, waste tires, oil shale, oil sands, garbage, and the like.
The device combination for preparing high-quality fuel gas by pyrolyzing coal comprises a plurality of devices for preparing fuel gas by pyrolyzing carbon-containing raw materials in parallel, wherein the unit device comprises: the device comprises a coal feeding port 1, a combustion heating chamber 2, a pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, an internal gas collection cavity 4, a gas collection channel 5, a gas outlet 6, a coke quenching chamber 7, a semicoke outlet 8 and a cooling medium inlet 9;
preferably, the combustion heating chambers 2 are laterally connected with the pyrolysis reaction chambers 3 and are separated by a common wall, and the combustion heating chambers 2 and the pyrolysis reaction chambers 3 are alternately arranged;
preferably, the internal gas collection cavity 4 is located in the middle region of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 2, and the side walls of the two sides of the gas collection cavity are provided with pores to form a flowing gas path for the pyrolysis gas from the carbon-containing raw material layer to the internal gas collection cavity 4;
preferably, the gas collecting channel 5 is located outside the bottom end area of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 2, and the reactor wall covered by the gas collecting channel is provided with pores to form a gas flowing path from the granular material (semi-coke) layer to the gas collecting channel 5;
preferably, the gas outlet 6 of each device for producing gas by pyrolysis of a carbon-containing raw material is communicated with the main gas collecting pipeline 10 through a pipeline, and the gas generated by the device is discharged through the main gas collecting pipeline 10.
Preferably, the same combustion heating chamber is shared between the two devices for producing fuel gas by pyrolysis of the carbonaceous raw material.
A pyrolysis fuel gas production method of the device comprises the following steps:
1) the carbon-containing raw material is added into a pyrolysis reaction chamber 3 through a feed inlet 1 to carry out pyrolysis reaction, so as to obtain gaseous and solid pyrolysis products;
2) the gaseous pyrolysis product (pyrolysis gas) obtained in the step 1) enters the internal gas collection cavity 4 from the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, meanwhile, the solid pyrolysis product (semicoke) continuously moves downwards along the vertical direction of the pyrolysis reactor, the pyrolysis gas flows downwards in the internal gas collection cavity 4 to a granular material (semicoke) layer at the height position of the fuel gas collecting channel 5, and enters the fuel gas collecting channel 5 through the granular material layer; and finally collected to the main gas collecting pipeline 10 to be led out; semi-coke generated by pyrolysis passes through a coke quenching chamber 7 and is discharged from a semi-coke outlet 8.
Preferably, the wall temperature of the combustion heating chamber 2 is 800-1200 ℃, and the temperature of the semicoke particle layer at the height position of the fuel gas collecting channel 5 in the bottom area of the reactor is 700-1000 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) according to the invention, the internal gas collection cavity 4 and the gas collection channel 5 are arranged, so that pyrolysis gas is guided to be cracked into gas components through the catalytic cracking effect of the high-temperature semi-coke layer before flowing out of the reactor, thus not only tar is removed, but also the gas yield is improved;
2) when the pyrolysis gas passes through the high-temperature semicoke layer in the flowing process of the pyrolysis gas to the gas collecting channel, the water in the pyrolysis gas and the semicoke are subjected to gasification reaction, so that the gas yield is increased;
3) the granular material (semi-coke) layer in the reactor has good catalytic cracking and filtering functions, so that tar components are cracked and removed, and dust carried in fuel gas is effectively filtered; the gas is purified.
4) The present invention can treat carbon-containing material in wide granularity range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for producing high-quality fuel gas by pyrolysis of coal according to the present invention, wherein an arrow shown at a fuel gas outlet is a fuel gas discharge direction, an arrow shown below a quenching chamber is a semicoke discharge direction, and an arrow shown at a cooling medium inlet is an inlet direction of water, steam or nitrogen;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the assembly structure of the apparatus for producing high-quality fuel gas by pyrolysis of coal according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. the device comprises a charging port, 2, a combustion heating chamber, 3, a pyrolysis reaction chamber, 4, an internal gas collection cavity, 5, a gas collection channel, 6, a gas outlet, 7, a coke quenching chamber, 8, a semicoke outlet, 9, a cooling medium inlet, 10 and a total gas collection pipeline.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
An apparatus for directly producing high-quality fuel gas from carbon-containing raw material as shown in fig. 1 comprises: the device comprises a charging opening 1, a combustion heating chamber 2, a pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, an internal gas collection cavity 4, a gas collection channel 5, a gas outlet 6, a coke quenching chamber 7 and a semicoke outlet 8; the combustion heating chamber 2 is positioned at two sides or four sides of the pyrolysis reaction chamber and is separated by a common wall; the internal gas collection cavity 4 is positioned in the middle area of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, and the side wall of the side surface of the gas collection cavity is provided with a pore to form a flowing gas path of pyrolysis gas from the carbon-containing raw material layer to the internal gas collection cavity 4; the side wall of the internal gas collection cavity 4 is a high-temperature resistant wall or plate with pores, or a louver structure formed by a plurality of plates arranged in parallel at intervals, and the pores are obliquely downward-opened holes from the inside of the gas collection cavity to the outside of the gas collection cavity; the gas collecting channel 5 is positioned outside the bottom end area of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 2, and a pore is arranged on the reactor wall covered by the gas collecting channel to form a flowing gas path of gas from a granular material (semi-coke) layer to the gas collecting channel 5; the shared side wall of the gas collecting channel 5 adjacent to the reaction chamber is a high-temperature resistant wall body, a pipe or a plate with pores, or a louver structure formed by a plurality of plates arranged in parallel at intervals, the pores are formed by obliquely downwards opening the gas collecting channel 5 to the direction of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, and a gas outlet 6 is arranged on the gas collecting channel 5 to lead out gas produced by the device; the quenching chamber 7 is positioned below the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3 and is provided with a semicoke outlet 8 and a cooling medium inlet 9.
In the embodiment, when the device is used for producing high-quality fuel gas, the temperature of the wall of a combustion heating chamber is 1000 ℃, 0-20mm of nakedflower coal serving as a raw material is added into a pyrolysis reaction chamber 3 from a charging opening 1 to be heated and generate pyrolysis reaction, one part of pyrolysis gas-phase products flows downwards along the heating wall to enter a fuel gas collecting channel 5, and the other part of pyrolysis gas-phase products enters an internal gas collecting cavity 4 firstly, then flows to the fuel gas collecting channel 5 through a semicoke layer with the bottom temperature reaching 900 ℃ and finally is collected to a main gas collecting pipeline 10 to be led out; semicoke generated by coal pyrolysis is cooled and cooled by a coke quenching chamber 7 and then is discharged from a semicoke outlet 8. The gas production rate of 650Nm per ton coal is obtained by the subsequent conventional cooling and purifying process3T, calorific value 4000kcal/Nm3The tar content in the fuel gas is 20mg/Nm3。
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, this embodiment is an assembly of apparatuses for producing high-quality fuel gas by pyrolyzing coal, and the assembly of apparatuses is composed of several unit apparatuses connected in parallel, where the unit apparatuses include: the device comprises a charging opening 1, a combustion heating chamber 2, a pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, an internal gas collection cavity 4, a gas collection channel 5, a gas outlet 6, a coke quenching chamber 7 and a semicoke outlet 8; the combustion heating chambers 2 and the pyrolysis reaction chambers 3 are connected through side surfaces and are separated by a common wall, and the combustion heating chambers 2 and the pyrolysis reaction chambers 3 are alternately arranged; the internal gas collection cavity 4 is positioned in the middle area of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, and the side wall of the side surface of the gas collection cavity is provided with a pore to form a flowing gas path of pyrolysis gas from the carbon-containing raw material layer to the internal gas collection cavity 4; the side wall of the internal gas collection cavity 4 is a high-temperature resistant wall or plate with pores, or a louver structure formed by a plurality of plates arranged in parallel at intervals, and the pores are obliquely downward-opened holes from the inside of the gas collection cavity to the outside of the gas collection cavity; the gas collecting channel 5 is positioned at the outer side of the bottom end area of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, and a pore channel is arranged on the reactor wall covered by the gas collecting channel to form a flowing gas path of gas from a granular material (semi-coke) layer to the gas collecting channel 5; the shared side wall of the gas collecting channel 5 adjacent to the reaction chamber is a high-temperature resistant wall body, a pipe or a plate with pores, or a louver structure formed by a plurality of plates arranged in parallel at intervals, the pores are obliquely downward-opened holes from the gas collecting channel 5 to the direction of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3, a gas outlet 6 is arranged on the gas collecting channel 5 to lead out gas produced by the device and is communicated with a main gas collecting pipeline 10 through a pipeline, and the gas is discharged through the main gas collecting pipeline 10; the quenching chamber 7 is positioned below the pyrolysis reaction chamber 3 and is provided with a semicoke outlet 8 and a cooling medium inlet 9.
In the embodiment, when the device is used for preparing high-quality fuel gas, the wall temperature of a combustion heating chamber is 1100 ℃, 0-20mm of nakedflower coal serving as a raw material is added into a pyrolysis reaction chamber 3 from a charging hole 1 to be heated and generate pyrolysis reaction, one part of pyrolysis gas-phase products flows downwards along the heating wall to enter a fuel gas collecting channel 5, and the other part of pyrolysis gas-phase products enters an internal gas collecting cavity 4 firstly, then flows to the fuel gas collecting channel 5 through semicoke layers with the bottom temperature reaching 950 ℃ and finally is collected to a main gas collecting pipeline 10 to be led out; the semicoke generated by coal pyrolysis is cooled and cooled by a coke quenching chamber 7 and then discharged from a semicoke outlet 8, and the gas yield of 700Nm per ton coal is obtained by the subsequent conventional cooling and purifying process3T, calorific value 4000kcal/Nm3The tar content in the fuel gas is 20mg/m3。
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An apparatus for producing fuel gas by pyrolysis of a carbonaceous feedstock, the apparatus comprising: a pyrolysis reaction chamber (3), an internal gas collection cavity (4), a fuel gas collection channel (5), a fuel gas outlet (6) and a coke quenching chamber (7), wherein,
the internal gas collection cavity (4) is positioned in the middle area in the pyrolysis reaction chamber (3), and the side walls of the two sides of the gas collection cavity are provided with holes to form a gas path for the pyrolysis gas to flow from the raw material layer to the internal gas collection cavity (4), the gas collection channel (5) is positioned outside the bottom end area of the pyrolysis reaction chamber (3) and is provided with holes on the reactor wall covered by the gas collection channel to form a gas path for the gas to flow from the granular material layer to the gas collection channel (5), and the gas collection channel (5) is provided with a gas outlet (6); the device also comprises a feed port (1), a combustion heating chamber (2) and a quenching chamber (7), wherein the feed port (1) is positioned at the top of the pyrolysis reaction chamber (3), the combustion heating chamber (2) is positioned at two sides or four sides of the pyrolysis reaction chamber (3) and is separated by walls, the quenching chamber (7) is positioned below the pyrolysis reaction chamber (2), a semicoke outlet (8) is arranged at the bottom of the quenching chamber (7), and a cooling medium inlet (9) is also arranged in the quenching chamber (7);
the gaseous pyrolysis product enters the internal gas collection cavity (4) from the pyrolysis reaction chamber (3), and the internal gas collection cavity (4) is positioned in the middle area in the pyrolysis reaction chamber (3); meanwhile, the solid pyrolysis product semicoke continuously moves downwards along the vertical direction of the pyrolysis reactor, and pyrolysis gas flows downwards in the internal gas collection cavity (4) to the particle material layer at the height position of the gas collection channel (5) and enters the gas collection channel (5) through the particle material layer.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the medium of the cooling medium inlet (9) comprises one or several of water, water vapour and nitrogen.
3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the side walls of the inner gas collecting chamber (4) are made of porous high-temperature resistant wall or plate, or the side walls are made of louver structure formed by arranging a plurality of plates in parallel and at intervals.
4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas collecting channel (5) is provided with holes on the reactor wall covered by the gas collecting channel, and the reactor wall is a high-temperature resistant wall body with gaps, a pipe or a plate, or the reactor wall is a reactor wall with gaps formed by arranging a plurality of plates at intervals in parallel.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous feedstock comprises particulate individual fuels containing elemental carbon.
6. A device combination for preparing high-quality fuel gas by pyrolyzing carbon-containing raw materials is characterized by being formed by connecting a plurality of devices for preparing fuel gas by pyrolyzing carbon-containing raw materials according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in parallel, wherein a fuel gas outlet (6) of each device for preparing fuel gas by pyrolyzing carbon-containing raw materials is communicated with a main gas collecting pipeline (10) through a pipeline, and the fuel gas prepared by pyrolyzing carbon-containing raw materials is discharged through the main gas collecting pipeline (10).
7. The apparatus combination of claim 6, wherein the same combustion heating chamber is shared between the two apparatuses for producing fuel gas by pyrolysis of the carbonaceous material.
8. A pyrolysis fuel gas production method based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
1) the carbon-containing raw material is added into the pyrolysis reaction chamber (3) through a feeding port (1) to carry out pyrolysis reaction, so as to obtain gaseous and solid pyrolysis products;
2) the gaseous pyrolysis product obtained in the step 1) enters the internal gas collection cavity (4) from the pyrolysis reaction chamber (3), and meanwhile, the semicoke of the solid pyrolysis product continuously moves downwards along the vertical direction of the pyrolysis reactor, and the pyrolysis gas flows downwards in the internal gas collection cavity (4) to a particle material layer at the height position of the fuel gas collection channel (5) and enters the fuel gas collection channel (5) through the particle material layer; and finally collected to a main gas collecting pipeline (10) to be led out; semi-coke generated by pyrolysis is discharged from a semi-coke outlet (8) after passing through a coke quenching chamber (7).
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| CN102703097B (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2014-09-24 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Dry distillation device for coal with wide particle size distribution and method |
| CN205115375U (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-03-30 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Dry distillation device |
| CN105925286A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-09-07 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Quick powdered coal pyrolysis device |
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