CN111003794B - Artificial wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage - Google Patents
Artificial wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage Download PDFInfo
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- CN111003794B CN111003794B CN201911365508.0A CN201911365508A CN111003794B CN 111003794 B CN111003794 B CN 111003794B CN 201911365508 A CN201911365508 A CN 201911365508A CN 111003794 B CN111003794 B CN 111003794B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/005—Combined electrochemical biological processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
Abstract
The invention provides an artificial wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage, which comprises a microbial fuel cell wetland module, wherein the microbial fuel cell wetland module sequentially comprises an anti-seepage bottom layer, a sewage distribution layer, an anode layer, an insulation packing layer, a gas distribution layer, a cathode layer and a planting substrate layer from bottom to top; the anode layer comprises an upper layer, a sandwich layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are both made of plate-shaped anode materials with meshes, the upper layer is electrically connected with the lower layer, the sandwich layer is an active microorganism layer, and the sandwich layer is filled between the upper layer and the lower layer; the cathode layer comprises a plate-like material having mesh openings; the gas distributed by the gas distribution layer contains oxygen; the anode layer and the cathode layer are connected with an external circuit through wires to form a closed circuit. The constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage has the advantages of high removal rate of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in the domestic sewage, high conversion rate of electric energy and low construction cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment, and particularly relates to an artificial wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage.
Background
Along with the development and change of rural economy and rural life style in China, the discharge amount of rural domestic sewage is increased, and the environmental pollution caused by the rural sewage is increased day by day. The basic characteristics of the rural domestic sewage in China are as follows: the amount is small and dispersed, and the discharge coefficient is low; the concentration of pollutants such as suspended matters, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and the like in water is low; the components are complex, and the biodegradability is strong; intermittent discharge with regularity; less toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals and the like.
According to the national conditions, most of rural domestic sewage in China is subjected to pretreatment (fermentation treatment) firstly, and the pretreated sewage is treated by adopting the technologies of artificial wetlands, biological contact oxidation methods, biological floating islands, land percolation, stable ponds and the like, so that the combined processes are applied to China more frequently. The constructed wetland has the advantages of low construction and operation cost, simple and convenient maintenance, good denitrification and dephosphorization effects, aesthetic value and the like, so that the constructed wetland is widely concerned and researched.
According to different sewage flow directions, the artificial wetland can be divided into a surface flow wetland, an undercurrent wetland and a vertical flow wetland, and the artificial wetland of the types can efficiently remove large organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in rural domestic sewage. However, the surface flow constructed wetland mainly depends on the interception of the roots and stems of the aquatic plants and the degradation of biological membranes on the roots and stems to realize the removal of pollutants, and generally has a shallow water level, so that the surface flow constructed wetland has large hydraulic load, limited purification capacity and poor sanitary conditions and is rarely adopted at present; the effluent quality of the subsurface flow constructed wetland and the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland is good, but the structure is complex, the occupied area is large, the subsurface flow constructed wetland and the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland are particularly easily influenced by seasons, and a pretreatment device is required to be arranged before sewage enters water, otherwise the subsurface flow constructed wetland and the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland are easily blocked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the artificial wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an artificial wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage comprises a microbial fuel cell wetland module, wherein the microbial fuel cell wetland module sequentially comprises an anti-seepage bottom layer, a sewage distribution layer, an anode layer, an insulating filler layer, a gas distribution layer, a cathode layer and a planting substrate layer from bottom to top;
the anode layer comprises an upper layer, a sandwich layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer of the anode layer are both made of plate-shaped anode materials with meshes, the upper layer and the lower layer of the anode layer are electrically connected, the sandwich layer is an active microorganism layer, and the sandwich layer is filled between the upper layer and the lower layer of the anode layer;
the cathode layer comprises a sheet material having mesh openings;
the gas distributed by the gas distribution layer contains oxygen;
the anode layer and the cathode layer are connected with an external circuit through wires to form a closed circuit.
The constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage combines the adsorption effect of the wetland planting matrix layer and the formed microbial fuel cell, can convert chemical energy in sewage into electric energy, and simultaneously removes organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage, thereby not only realizing the treatment of domestic sewage, but also having the purposes of energy saving and consumption reduction.
Preferably, the cathode layer is composed of a plate-shaped material having mesh holes in a rectangular spiral line type or a zigzag arrangement from top to bottom.
The cathode layer of the artificial wetland system for treating the rural domestic sewage is made of the plate-shaped material with meshes, the plate-shaped material is arranged in a rectangular spiral line shape or a zigzag shape from top to bottom, so that the removal rate of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage by the artificial wetland system for treating the rural domestic sewage is improved, and the electric energy conversion rate is improved.
Preferably, the interval between the plate-shaped materials with meshes arranged in a rectangular spiral line shape or a zigzag shape from top to bottom is 20-50 cm.
Preferably, gravel with the grain size of 10-16 mm is filled between the rectangular spiral line type or the plate-shaped materials with meshes arranged in a zigzag manner from top to bottom.
Preferably, be provided with the gas pipeline in the gas distribution layer, the gas pipeline is provided with and is located evenly distributed's gas outlet in the gas distribution layer, the gas pipeline still communicates there is the breather pipe, the breather pipe is provided with the air inlet, air inlet and atmosphere intercommunication.
The constructed wetland system for treating the rural domestic sewage can directly utilize oxygen in the atmosphere by the cathode layer, so that the supply cost of gas is reduced.
Preferably, the air intake and ventilation pipe is provided with a ventilation cap in projection opposition to the air intake port.
The ventilation cap can prevent sundries and water from entering the ventilation pipe.
Preferably, sewage distribution layer includes that the grit packs and sewage distribution pipe, sewage distribution pipe is buried underground in the grit packs, sewage distribution pipe evenly is provided with the sewage export, the sewage export is located in the sewage distribution layer, the particle diameter of grit packing is 50 ~ 60mm.
The constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage enables sewage to be uniformly distributed below the anode layer and continuously reach the cathode layer through the anode layer, so that the removal rate of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage is improved, and the electric energy conversion rate is improved.
Preferably, the microbial fuel cell wetland module is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet of the microbial fuel cell wetland module is communicated with the sewage distribution pipe, and the water outlet of the microbial fuel cell wetland module is arranged above the cathode layer.
Preferably, the packing of the insulating packing layer is 20-40 mm of gravel.
The smaller the particle size of the substrate is, the better the microbial richness and uniformity are, so the COD and the nitrate nitrogen removal rate is high, but the more the number of the electrogenic bacteria of the system with the larger particle size of the substrate is, so the electrogenesis performance is better.
Preferably, the microbial fuel cell wetland module further comprises a side impermeable layer, and the side impermeable layer and the impermeable bottom layer are integrally formed to surround the bottom surface and the side surface of the microbial fuel cell wetland module.
The constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage avoids sewage from leaking to permeate underground, and the sewage sequentially passes through the anode layer, the insulating packing layer, the gas distribution layer, the cathode layer and the planting matrix layer, so that the treatment efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the material of the upper layer and the lower layer of the anode layer is graphite felt, mnO 2 Modified graphite felt or nano zero-valent iron modified graphite felt;
the cathode layer is a stainless steel mesh;
wetland plants are planted on the planting matrix layer;
the active microorganism of the sandwich layer of the anode layer is anaerobic microorganism or electroactive microorganism.
Besides absorbing various pollutants such as inorganic phosphorus, nitrogen and heavy metals from the sewage to be treated as a nutrient source required by the growth of the wetland, oxygen and secretion provided by the rhizosphere effect of the wetland plants provide necessary nutrient substances and energy for the growth of microorganisms of the wetland, influence the activity, population structure and spatial distribution of rhizosphere microorganisms, further influence the degradation and removal effects of pollutants such as organic pollutants, heavy metals and nutrient elements, completely oxidize organic matters into CO2 under anaerobic conditions, transmit electrons generated in the oxidation process to the microorganisms generating current on the electrodes through an electron transmission chain, and meanwhile, the microorganisms obtain energy in the electron transmission process to support the growth. Such as methanogenic microorganisms).
Preferably, the wetland plant is droughtonia stolonifera, calamus, candelilla or arundo donax.
The wetland plants selected by the artificial wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage have the advantages that the rhizosphere biomembrane is largest, the resistance to water is large, and the growth of microorganisms adsorbing phosphorus is promoted; the rhizosphere effect is better, and more organic matters can be provided for the growth of the electrochemical active bacteria through the rhizosphere effect; more electrochemical active bacteria can generate more bioelectricity; more biomass can reduce internal resistance, thereby facilitating the production of bioelectricity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the artificial wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage can convert chemical energy in sewage into electric energy and simultaneously remove organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage by combining the adsorption action of a wetland planting substrate layer and a formed microbial fuel cell, thereby realizing the treatment of the domestic sewage and achieving the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an artificial wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an anode layer of an artificial wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an anode layer, a cathode layer and an external circuit of the constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an anode layer, a cathode layer and an external circuit of the constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage according to the embodiment of the invention.
The device comprises a base layer, an anti-seepage bottom layer, a base layer, a sewage distribution layer, a base layer, an anode layer, an insulating filler layer, a base layer, a gas distribution layer, a cathode layer, a planting matrix layer, a water inlet of a microbial fuel cell wetland module, a sewage distribution pipe, a sewage outlet of the sewage distribution pipe, a water inlet of the microbial fuel cell wetland module, a wetland plant, a ventilation pipe, a gas inlet, a 15 external circuit, a side anti-seepage layer, a 17, an upper layer of the anode layer, a lower layer of the anode layer, a 19, a sandwich layer of the anode layer, a 20 and a lead.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an artificial wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a microbial fuel cell wetland module, which includes, from bottom to top, an impermeable bottom layer 1, a sewage distribution layer 2, an anode layer 3, an insulating filler layer 4, a gas distribution layer 5, a cathode layer 6, and a planting substrate layer 7;
as shown in fig. 2, the anode layer includes an upper layer 17, a sandwich layer 19 and a lower layer 18, both the upper layer 17 and the lower layer 18 are made of a plate-shaped anode material with meshes, the upper layer 17 and the lower layer 18 of the anode layer are made of graphite felt, the upper layer 17 and the lower layer 18 of the anode layer are electrically connected, the sandwich layer 19 is an active microorganism layer, the sandwich layer 19 is filled between the upper layer 17 and the lower layer 18, and the active microorganism of the sandwich layer 19 is an anaerobic electrogenesis microorganism;
as shown in fig. 3, the cathode layer 6 comprises a plate-shaped material with mesh, the plate-shaped material with mesh is a stainless steel net, the plate-shaped material with mesh of the cathode layer 6 is arranged in a zigzag manner from top to bottom, the distance between the plate-shaped materials with mesh arranged in a zigzag manner from top to bottom is 30cm, the plate-shaped materials with mesh of the cathode layer are electrically connected in sequence, and gravel with the grain size of 10-16 mm is filled between the plate-shaped materials with mesh arranged in a zigzag manner from top to bottom;
as shown in fig. 1, a gas pipeline is arranged in the gas distribution layer 5, the gas pipeline is provided with gas outlets uniformly distributed in the gas distribution layer 5, the gas pipeline is further communicated with a vent pipe 13, the vent pipe is provided with a gas inlet 14, the gas inlet is communicated with the atmosphere, and the vent pipe 13 is provided with a vent cap opposite to the projection of the gas inlet 14;
the sewage distribution layer 2 comprises coarse sand filler and a sewage distribution pipe 9, the sewage distribution pipe 9 is embedded in the coarse sand filler, the sewage distribution pipe 9 is uniformly provided with sewage outlets 10, the sewage outlets 10 are positioned in the sewage distribution layer, and the particle size of the coarse sand filler is 50-60 mm;
the microbial fuel cell wetland module is provided with a water inlet 8 and a water outlet 11, the water inlet 8 of the microbial fuel cell wetland module is communicated with a sewage distribution pipe 9, and the water outlet 11 of the microbial fuel cell wetland module is arranged above the cathode layer 6;
the packing of the insulating packing layer 4 is 20-40 mm of gravel;
the microbial fuel cell wetland module also comprises a side impermeable layer 16, and the side impermeable layer 16 and the impermeable bottom layer 1 are integrally formed to surround the bottom surface and the side surface of the microbial fuel cell wetland module;
the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 6 are connected with an external circuit 15 through a lead 20 to form a closed circuit.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the only differences between the embodiment of the present invention and the embodiment 1 are as follows: the plate-like material having mesh holes of the cathode layer 6 is arranged in a rectangular spiral line shape, and the outermost layer of the rectangular spiral line shape forms a closed square shape and the innermost layer of the rectangular spiral line shape forms a closed square shape.
Comparative example 1
The constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage is a comparative example of the invention, and the only difference between the comparative example and the embodiment 1 is as follows: the anode layer consists of a load layer and an active microorganism layer, the active microorganism layer covers one side of the load layer, the load layer is a plate-shaped anode material with meshes, and the load layer of the anode layer is made of graphite felt.
Comparative example 2
The constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage as a comparative example of the invention has the following unique differences from the embodiment 1: the anode layer consists of an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer and the lower layer are both made of plate-shaped anode materials with meshes, and the upper layer and the lower layer of the anode layer are made of graphite felts.
Comparative example 3
The constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage as a comparative example of the invention has the following unique differences from the embodiment 1: the cathode layer is formed by arranging 6 plate-shaped materials with meshes from top to bottom in parallel, and the 6 plate-shaped materials with meshes are electrically connected through a lead in turn to form the cathode layer.
Effect example 1
1. Treatment of waste water
The constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage, which is disclosed in the embodiment 1-2 and the comparative example 1-3, is used for treating domestic sewage, and the COD value and NH value of effluent are monitored at the water outlet of the microbial fuel cell wetland module 4 + N content, phosphorus content and SS to investigate the sewage purification efficiency of the constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage. According to the technical specification of constructed wetland sewage treatment engineering HJ 2005-2010, the retention time (HRT) of sewage in the constructed wetland is generally about 33h, and is convenient for small tests and is measured after taking water for 36 h), and the results are shown in Table 1:
table 1 efficiency of treating domestic sewage in constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-3
2. Electrochemical analysis
In the process of treating the domestic sewage, the artificial wetland systems for treating the rural domestic sewage of the embodiments 1 to 2 and the comparative examples 1 to 3 are provided with an electric energy meter on an external circuit of the artificial wetland system for treating the rural domestic sewage, detect the voltage and the current of the external circuit and analyze electrochemistry.
Voltage acquisition: collecting voltage information by data acquisition card, connecting with computer to realize online real-time monitoring, sampling frequency is 30min once, calculating current in circuit by ohm law under the condition of known external circuit resistance, and calculating volumetric specific power density (mW/m) according to effective volume of battery anode region 2 ) And obtaining the internal resistance by adopting a power density curve slope method. Since Coulomb Efficiency (CE) represents the ratio of the actual electricity production of the cell to the theoretical electricity production using organic matter, and chemical energy that is not converted into electric energy is considered as substrate loss, it can be used to evaluate the electricity production performance of the microbial fuel cell.
Table 2 electric energy conversion effect of the constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-3
By comparing example 1 with comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, it was found that the anode layer comprising the upper layer 17, the sandwich layer 19 and the lower layer 18 had better COD value, NH value of the domestic sewage 4 + Removal efficiency of N content, phosphorus content and SSThe efficiency of converting chemical energy into electric energy is higher.
By comparing examples 1 and 2 with comparative example 3, it was found that the cathode layer is composed of the plate-shaped material having mesh holes in a rectangular spiral line type or in a zigzag arrangement from the top to the bottom, and has a better COD value, NH value of the domestic sewage 4 + The removal efficiency of N content, phosphorus content and SS, the conversion efficiency of chemical energy into electrical energy is higher.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An artificial wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage is characterized by comprising a microbial fuel cell wetland module, wherein the microbial fuel cell wetland module sequentially comprises an anti-seepage bottom layer, a sewage distribution layer, an anode layer, an insulating filler layer, a gas distribution layer, a cathode layer and a planting substrate layer from bottom to top;
the anode layer comprises an upper layer, a sandwich layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer of the anode layer are both made of plate-shaped anode materials with meshes, the upper layer and the lower layer of the anode layer are electrically connected, the sandwich layer is an active microorganism layer, and the active microorganism of the sandwich layer of the anode layer is anaerobic microorganism or electroactive microorganism; the sandwich layer is filled between the upper layer and the lower layer of the anode layer;
the upper layer and the lower layer of the anode layer are made of graphite felt and MnO 2 Modified graphite felt or nano zero-valent iron modified graphite felt;
the cathode layer is made of a plate-shaped material which is arranged in a rectangular spiral line shape or a zigzag shape from top to bottom and is provided with meshes;
the cathode layer is a stainless steel mesh;
gravel with the grain diameter of 10-16 mm is filled between the plate-shaped materials with meshes which are arranged in a rectangular spiral line shape or a zigzag shape from top to bottom;
the packing of the insulating packing layer is 20-40 mm of gravel;
the gas distributed by the gas distribution layer contains oxygen;
the sewage distribution layer comprises coarse sand filler and a sewage distribution pipe, the sewage distribution pipe is embedded in the coarse sand filler, sewage outlets are uniformly formed in the sewage distribution pipe and located in the sewage distribution layer, and the particle size of the coarse sand filler is 50-60 mm;
the anode layer and the cathode layer are connected with an external circuit through a lead to form a closed circuit;
the microbial fuel cell wetland module is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet of the microbial fuel cell wetland module is communicated with the sewage distribution pipe, and the water outlet of the microbial fuel cell wetland module is arranged above the cathode layer; the microbial fuel cell wetland module also comprises a side impermeable layer, and the bottom surface and the side surface of the microbial fuel cell wetland module are surrounded by the side impermeable layer and the impermeable bottom layer which are integrally formed.
2. The constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the plate-shaped materials with meshes arranged in a rectangular spiral line shape or a zigzag shape from top to bottom is 20-50 cm.
3. The constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage according to claim 1, wherein a gas pipeline is arranged in the gas distribution layer, the gas pipeline is provided with gas outlets which are uniformly distributed in the gas distribution layer, the gas pipeline is further communicated with a vent pipe, the vent pipe is provided with a gas inlet, and the gas inlet is communicated with the atmosphere.
4. The constructed wetland system for treating rural domestic sewage according to claim 1, wherein wetland plants are planted on the planting substrate layer.
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