CN111002446A - Ceramic polished anti-skid wax, smooth-surface anti-skid and anti-fouling full-glazed ceramic tile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ceramic polished anti-skid wax, smooth-surface anti-skid and anti-fouling full-glazed ceramic tile and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/044—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with glaze or engobe or enamel or varnish
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
- B24B29/02—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents designed for particular workpieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
- B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
- B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/001—Applying decorations on shaped articles, e.g. by painting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/08—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete; of glass or with a top layer of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete or glass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-glazed ceramic tile with polished anti-slip wax and fine surface and anti-slip and anti-fouling performances and a preparation method thereof. The ceramic polishing anti-skid wax comprises the following raw materials: the composition comprises, by mass, 10-20% of an ammonium fluoride solution, 10-20% of sodium chloride, 10-20% of a surfactant, 15-30% of a tartaric acid active peptide and 30-50% of water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ceramic building materials, and particularly relates to a smooth-glazed anti-slip and anti-fouling full-glazed porcelain tile and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the development of the current society, aging is more and more serious, the requirement on the safety performance of the ceramic tile is higher and higher, especially the anti-skid performance of the ceramic tile, the anti-skid performance and the antifouling or dirt-hiding performance of the ceramic tile on the market are difficult to combine, the anti-skid performance of the ceramic tile is generally characterized in that a point glaze, a high-temperature glaze or high-temperature dry particles are applied to the ceramic tile to enable the ceramic tile to have an uneven effect after being fired, the surface is rough and not glossy and fine, and the ceramic tile is poor in antifouling and easy to hide dirt. The surface of a polished glaze product produced on the market is fine and smooth, the antifouling property is very popular with users, but the antiskid property is low, and the antiskid property is extremely reduced after wet water.
The glaze-polished products in the current market can not meet the anti-skid requirement due to the fact that the static friction coefficient is far away, the dry-method static friction coefficient is 0.4-0.55, the wet-method static friction coefficient is lower, and when the static friction coefficient is larger than 0.6, the anti-skid performance reaches the safe level. The static friction coefficient of the anti-skid bricks on the market is above 0.65, but the corresponding wet static friction coefficient generally drops by about 0.1-0.3, and meanwhile, the glaze surface is uneven, so that the phenomena of easy dirt storage and difficult cleaning are avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-skid and anti-fouling fully-polished glazed ceramic tile with polished ceramic, anti-skid wax and fine surface and a preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a ceramic polishing anti-skid wax, which comprises the following raw materials: the composition comprises, by mass, 10-20% of an ammonium fluoride solution, 10-20% of sodium chloride, 10-20% of a surfactant, 15-30% of a tartaric acid active peptide and 30-50% of water.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides the application of the ceramic polishing anti-skid wax in ceramic tiles. The application amount of the ceramic polishing anti-skid wax on the surface of the ceramic tile is 40-65 g/m2The application time is 20-40 seconds.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the smooth-surface anti-slip antifouling fully-polished glazed porcelain tile, wherein the surface of the polished porcelain tile is sequentially polished with the water-based antifouling wax, the oil-based antifouling wax and the ceramic polishing anti-slip wax.
Preferably, the preparation method of the smooth-surface anti-slip antifouling full-polished glazed porcelain tile comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a blank body;
(2) spreading a cover glaze on the blank;
(3) printing an ink-jet design pattern on the surface of the blank body on which the overglaze is applied;
(4) printing cloth and applying protective glaze on a silk screen or a roller on the surface of the blank after printing the ink-jet design pattern;
(5) spreading a glaze polishing on the surface of the blank body on which the protective glaze is spread;
(6) firing;
(7) polishing;
(8) sequentially polishing the surface of the polished blank with water-based antifouling wax and oil-based antifouling wax, washing and drying;
(9) polishing the surface of the dried blank by using ceramic polishing anti-skid wax;
(10) and (5) edging, packaging and grading.
Preferably, the polished mineral composition comprises 5-10% of quartz; preferably, the polished mineral composition comprises: by mass, 18-26% of potassium feldspar, 20-30% of albite, 4-7% of kaolin, 5-10% of quartz, 7-10% of calcined kaolin, 8-12% of calcined talc, 6-10% of calcite, 5-8% of wollastonite, 4-8% of barium carbonate and 4-6.5% of zinc oxide.
Preferably, the chemical composition of the glaze polishing comprises: by mass percent, SiO2：51.0～57.0％、Al2O3：11.0～12.5％、Fe2O3：0～0.4％、TiO2：0～0.2％、CaO：5.6～9.8％、MgO：2.6～3.9％、K2O：2.2～4.0％、Na2O: 2.6-4.5%, BaO: 3.1-6.6%, ZnO: 3.6-5.9%, loss on ignition: 6.0-8.6%.
Preferably, the raw material composition of the water-based antifouling wax comprises: the nano silicon dioxide particles comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 40-60%, 0.3-1% of an antifreezing solvent, 0.5-2% of a surfactant, 0.6-1.5% of an alkaline corrosion agent, 0.5-1% of an organosilane coupling agent and 36-56% of water.
Preferably, the raw material composition of the oily antifouling wax comprises: by mass percentage, 30-40% of nano silicon dioxide particles, 0.3-1% of an anti-freezing solvent, 0.3-1% of a surfactant, 0.5-1% of an organosilane coupling agent, 15-25% of dimethyl silicone oil and 42-55% of hydrogen-containing silicone oil.
Preferably, the application amount of the water-based antifouling wax on the surface of the ceramic tile is 50-80 g/m2The application time is 20-35 seconds; the application amount of the oily antifouling wax on the surface of the ceramic tile is 8-15g/m2The application time is 4-8 seconds.
In a fourth aspect, the invention also provides the anti-skid and anti-fouling fully-polished glazed ceramic tile obtained by the preparation method of the anti-skid and anti-fouling fully-polished glazed ceramic tile with the fine surface. The dry static friction coefficient of the porcelain tile is above 0.66, and the wet static friction coefficient of the porcelain tile is above 0.6.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the anti-slip and anti-fouling fully-polished glazed porcelain tile according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a view showing the effect of the surface of the smooth surface anti-slip and anti-fouling fully-polished glazed porcelain tile according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a brick surface effect diagram of a rough surface of a common antiskid brick.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not restrictive. The following percentages are by mass unless otherwise specified. In the case where the present invention is not specifically described, "ceramic polishing anti-slip wax" may also be referred to as "anti-slip wax" and "anti-slip wax water". The "antifouling wax" may also be referred to as "antifouling wax water". In the case where the present invention is not specifically described, "applied wax" may also be referred to as "polishing wax".
The invention aims to provide a ceramic polishing anti-skid wax suitable for polishing glazed bricks on fine and smooth surfaces. The ceramic polishing anti-skid wax comprises the following raw materials: ammonium fluoride solution, sodium chloride, surfactant, tartaric acid active peptide and water. In some embodiments, the ceramic polishing non-slip wax comprises the following raw material components: the composition comprises, by mass, 10-20% of an ammonium fluoride solution, 10-20% of sodium chloride, 10-20% of a surfactant, 15-30% of a tartaric acid active peptide and 30-50% of water. The ammonium fluoride solution can be 30-50% by mass of an ammonium fluoride aqueous solution. The invention uses the active peptide of fruit acid with weak acidity and ammonium fluoride solution as main components, the fluorine ions exist in the anti-skid wax solution in the form of ammonium fluoride solution, the active peptide of fruit acid and the fluorine ions (generated in the solution) act to make the pH value of the anti-skid wax about 6, thus showing weak acidity, and solving the problems of environmental protection, safety and industrial production wastewater treatment caused by corrosion of the frequently used strong acid in the prior anti-skid wax. According to the anti-slip wax, fluorine ions in the anti-slip wax and silicon dioxide or silicate on the surface of the ceramic tile generate chemical reaction to corrode the surface, and on the basis of not influencing the fine hand feeling of the ceramic tile, the dry friction coefficient and the wet friction coefficient of the surface of the ceramic tile are increased, so that the anti-slip effect is formed.
In some embodiments, the ceramic polishing anti-slip wax is applied to the surface of the ceramic tile in an amount of 40-65 g/m2. If the application amount of the anti-slip wax is too large, the nano-silica in the anti-fouling wax may be corroded to affect the anti-fouling effect, and if the application amount is too small, the anti-slip effect is not prominent.
The invention also aims to provide the antiskid antifouling glazed tile with a fine glaze surface. And polishing the finished product, and then treating the polished finished product by using water-based antifouling wax, oil-based antifouling wax and anti-skid wax to obtain the fine, smooth, anti-skid and anti-fouling glaze.
The following specifically shows a preparation method of the smooth-surface anti-slip antifouling fully-polished glazed porcelain tile of the invention with reference to fig. 1.
Firstly, raw materials are pressed, molded and dried according to a conventional blank processing mode to prepare a dried blank. In some embodiments, the billet may be dried in a drying kiln. For example, the drying temperature can be 150-250 ℃, the drying time can be 50-80 min, and the moisture of the dried blank is controlled within 0.45%. In some embodiments, the green layer thickness can be 5mm to 30 mm.
Then, a cover glaze is distributed on the blank. The overglaze may be applied by spraying glaze. The overglaze may be that used in conventional full-glazed products. The overglaze comprises the following chemical components: by mass percent, SiO2：50～60％、Al2O3：25～33％、K2O：5～7％、Na2O：2～3％、Fe2O3：0.2～0.45％、TiO2: 0-0.2%, CaO: 0.5 to 1.0%, MgO: 0.15-0.45%, loss on ignition: 4-6%. In some embodiments, the specific gravity of the overglaze is 1.42-1.46, and the application amount is 700-800 g/m2. In some embodiments, the thickness of the overglaze layer may be 0.3mm to 0.5 mm.
Subsequently, an inkjet design pattern is printed. The pattern can be printed using a digital ink jet printer. The ceramic ink used may be, but is not limited to, cyan, brown, beige yellow, and the like. The specific decorative pattern, texture and color effect are determined according to the design requirements. And drying the blank body printed with the ink-jet pattern.
Then, the screen meshOr the protective glaze is printed on the roller and then the polished glaze is applied. The protective glaze can be prepared by polishing glaze. The protective glaze is prepared by polishing, the chemical components of the protective glaze are the same as those of the polishing, and the flow rate of the protective glaze is higher than that of the polishing. In some embodiments, the flow rate of the protective glaze is 20-80 s (i.e. the time required for the glaze slip to completely flow out after filling a cup with a flow rate of about 7.5 mm), and the protective glaze mainly plays a role in isolating the polishing (aqueous) from contacting the front side of the ink (oily) through screen printing, so as to ensure the glazing effect of polishing. The chemical composition of the protective glaze can comprise SiO in percentage by mass2：51.0～57.0％、Al2O3：11.0～12.5％、Fe2O3：0～0.4％、TiO2：0～0.2％、CaO：5.6～9.8％、MgO：2.6～3.9％、K2O：2.2～4.0％、Na2O: 2.6-4.5%, BaO: 3.1-6.6%, ZnO: 3.6-5.9%, loss on ignition: 6.0-8.6%. In some embodiments, the protective glaze is applied by screen or roller printing. The specific gravity of the protective glaze is 1.33-1.45, and the weight is 60-100 g/m2. The specific gravity and the application amount of the protective glaze are too high or too low, the printing effect is poorer, and the glaze pouring effect is poor. In some embodiments, the protective glaze layer may have a thickness of 0.01mm to 0.03 mm.
And then, spreading a polished glaze on the surface of the blank body on which the protective glaze is spread. The transparency and the smoothness of the glaze surface of the glaze are improved by introducing quartz and wollastonite in the glaze polishing process. The glaze polishing formula can comprise the following mineral components: 18-26% of potash feldspar, 20-30% of albite, 4-7% of kaolin, 5-10% of quartz, 7-10% of calcined kaolin, 8-12% of calcined talc, 6-10% of calcite, 5-8% of wollastonite, 4-8% of barium carbonate and 4-6.5% of zinc oxide. The chemical composition of the glaze polishing can be as follows: SiO 22：51.0～57.0％、Al2O3：11.0～12.5％、Fe2O3：0～0.4％、TiO2：0～0.2％、CaO：5.6～9.8％、MgO：2.6～3.9％、K2O：2.2～4.0％、Na2O: 2.6-4.5%, BaO: 3.1-6.6%, ZnO: 3.6-5.9%, loss on ignition: 6.0-8.6%. In some embodiments, the glaze is applied by using a glaze pouring method, and the glaze pouring process parameters may be: specific gravity of 1.82 &1.88, weight 550-650 g/m2. In some embodiments, the glaze-throwing flow rate can be 25-40 s (about 3.5mm aperture cup). In some embodiments, the thickness of the polishing layer may be 0.4mm to 0.6 mm. The glaze polishing layer is required to be within the thickness range, so that the phenomenon that the anti-skid wax water is corroded to the pattern layer to influence the surface color is prevented.
The glaze surface is fine and smooth under the action of glaze polishing. The thickness of the glaze polishing is 20-30% more than that of the common glaze polishing (the prior glaze polishing is generally used for obtaining a matte surface, and the application amount is generally 400-500 g/m2Left and right), and thus if the glazed surface is not transparent, the glazed surface may be hazy or insufficiently transparent. By adopting the glaze polishing composition, the glaze polishing amount is increased, meanwhile, the glaze surface is not frosted, and good permeability is kept. Meanwhile, the certain glaze-polishing thickness can ensure the corrosion effect of the anti-skid wax and prevent the anti-skid wax from corroding the pattern layer. In addition, the surface of the existing anti-skid brick is uneven due to the uneven surface, so that the brick surface is difficult to present fine and smooth brick surface effect and hand feeling. By combining the glaze polishing and the special anti-skid and anti-fouling process, the special glaze polishing effect generated by the fact that the anti-skid wax corrodes the brick surface can be guaranteed on the basis of a certain glaze polishing thickness, and the decorative effect of the brick surface can be prevented from being influenced by the fact that the anti-skid wax corrodes the pattern layer.
Then the mixture is put into a kiln to be sintered and polished. In some embodiments, the firing temperature is 1160 to 1230 ℃, and the firing time is 65 to 80 min. The polishing can be carried out by conventional polishing processes, such as rough polishing, intermediate polishing, fine polishing, edge grinding and chamfering.
And finally, antifouling and antiskid treatment. For example, the method comprises the steps of firstly polishing the water-based antifouling wax solution and then polishing the oil-based antifouling wax solution, drying the washed water, then polishing the anti-skid wax solution, edging, packaging and grading. The drying temperature can be 200-300 ℃, the drying time can be 0.5-1.5 min, and the drying has the effects of treating surface moisture, increasing the surface temperature and accelerating the reaction speed of the anti-skid wax and the brick surface.
The antifouling property is formed by polishing aqueous antifouling wax and oily antifouling wax in this order. In some embodiments, the raw material composition of the aqueous anti-fouling wax comprises: nano silicon dioxide particles, an antifreezing solvent, a surfactant, an alkaline corrosive, an organosilane coupling agent and water; the oily antifouling wax comprises: nano silicon dioxide particles, an antifreezing solvent, a surfactant, an organosilane coupling agent, dimethyl silicone oil and hydrogen-containing silicone oil.
In some embodiments, the raw material composition of the aqueous anti-fouling wax may comprise: the nano silicon dioxide particles comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 40-60%, 0.3-1% of an antifreezing solvent, 0.5-2% of a surfactant, 0.6-1.5% of an alkaline corrosion agent, 0.5-1% of an organosilane coupling agent and 36-56% of water. Wherein the anti-freezing solvent includes, but is not limited to, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and the like; the surfactant functions to reduce the surface tension of the liquid and improve the emulsifying ability between the components, so that the components can be more effectively mixed with each other, including but not limited to sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and the like; the alkaline corrosive agent includes, but is not limited to, alkaline silicate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, etc.; the organosilane coupling agents include, but are not limited to, KH550, KH560, KH570, and the like. In some embodiments, the sanding time of the aqueous antifouling wax is 20-35 seconds: the application amount of the water-based wax-proofing agent on the surface of the ceramic tile is 50-80 g/m2. And 16-24 grinding discs (the number of the grinding discs refers to the number of tool sets used for grinding) are used for grinding the water-based anti-skid wax. In the process of polishing the antifouling wax, the material of the contact medium between the grinding disc and the brick surface is nylon.
In some embodiments, the raw material composition of the oily anti-fouling wax comprises: by mass percentage, 30-40% of nano silicon dioxide particles, 0.3-1% of an anti-freezing solvent, 0.3-1% of a surfactant, 0.5-1% of an organosilane coupling agent, 15-25% of dimethyl silicone oil and 42-55% of hydrogen-containing silicone oil. Wherein the anti-freezing solvent includes, but is not limited to, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and the like; the surfactant functions to reduce the surface tension of the liquid and improve the emulsifying ability between the components, so that the components can be more effectively mixed with each other, including but not limited to sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and the like; the organosilane coupling agents include, but are not limited to, KH550, KH560, KH570, and the like; the hydrogen-containing silicone oil can be hydrogen-containing silicone oil with the hydrogen content of 0.4-1.0%. Some implementationsIn the mode, the polishing time of the oily antifouling wax is 4-8 seconds, and the application amount of the oily antifouling wax on the surface of the ceramic tile is 8-15g/m2. And 2-4 millstones for polishing the oily antifouling wax water.
The anti-skid property is formed by polishing anti-skid wax water. For example, the anti-fouling wax may be a ceramic polishing anti-slip wax as described above. In some embodiments, the ceramic polishing anti-slip wax is applied to the surface of the ceramic tile in an amount of 40-65 g/m2The application time is 20-40 seconds. And 20-28 millstones for polishing the water-based anti-skid wax. In the anti-skid wax polishing process, the contact medium material of the grinding disc and the brick surface is sponge. By controlling the grinding time within the above range, the increase of the number of the grinding discs can increase the reaction speed and provide the reaction time.
According to the invention, on the basis of a full-glazed product, a layer of water-based antifouling wax, oil-based antifouling wax and anti-skid wax is applied after normal edging and polishing, so that the antifouling and anti-skid double-layer effect is achieved. The anti-skid wax is weak in acidity (pH value is 6), the water-based anti-fouling wax is weak in alkalinity (pH value is 8), chemical reaction is easy to occur, the anti-fouling effect of the water-based anti-fouling wax can be influenced by direct contact, a protective layer needs to be added to the anti-skid wax, a special anti-fouling agent containing dimethyl silicone oil (inert substances) can effectively slow down the direct reaction of the water-based anti-fouling agent and the anti-skid agent, the oil-based anti-fouling wax is weak in oiliness, the anti-skid effect is influenced by too much water-based anti-fouling agent and the oil-based anti-fouling.
It is worth noting that the anti-skid wax liquid is prepared by polishing the water-based anti-fouling wax liquid and the oil-based anti-fouling wax liquid, then washing, drying and polishing the anti-skid wax liquid, and has double performances of anti-fouling and anti-skid. The anti-skid wax liquid is firstly polished and then the antifouling wax liquid is polished, the anti-skid effect of the anti-skid wax liquid is poor due to the filling of the antifouling wax liquid, and the anti-skid wax liquid is polished after the anti-skid wax liquid is adopted, so that the nano-scale silicon dioxide in the antifouling wax liquid fills capillary pores, the anti-skid wax liquid has good antifouling performance, and the antifouling effect cannot be influenced by the method that the anti-skid wax liquid corrodes the glaze surface. The smooth-surface anti-slip and anti-fouling fully-polished glazed porcelain tile can achieve a dry static friction coefficient of more than 0.66 and a wet static friction coefficient of more than 0.60 by polishing the water-based anti-fouling wax liquid, the oil-based anti-fouling wax liquid and the anti-slip wax liquid; the pollution resistance can reach 5 grades, and the coating can be used as a decorative material with good decorative effect, excellent pollution resistance and anti-skid performance and has wide application field.
Moreover, the polishing process has the advantages that the glaze is fine and smooth after being treated by the polishing process, pores after being treated by the polishing process can be filled to form a good antifouling effect through the treatment process of the antifouling wax water, and the surface corrosion of the brick is realized through the treatment process of the antiskid wax water, so that the friction coefficient is increased on the basis of ensuring the fine hand feeling of the brick surface to generate the antiskid effect.
The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. It is also to be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art may be made in light of the above teachings. The specific process parameters and the like of the following examples are also only one example of suitable ranges, i.e., those skilled in the art can select the appropriate ranges through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific values exemplified below.
In the following examples, the ceramic tile friction coefficient is in accordance with GB/T4100-2015 (appendix M); the stain resistance was determined according to GB/T3810.14-2016 (ceramic tile test method part 14: determination of stain resistance).
Example 1
The preparation method of the smooth-surface anti-slip and anti-fouling full-polished glazed porcelain tile comprises the following steps:
1. and pressing and molding the powder and drying.
2. And (6) applying surface glaze. The specific gravity of the overglaze is 1.42, and the application amount is 650g/m2。
3. And (4) ink-jetting to print a pattern, and drying the blank body printed with the ink-jetting pattern.
4. Preparing the protective glaze according to the mixture ratio, and then printing the protective glaze. The chemical composition of the protective glaze is as follows: SiO 22：51.1％，Al2O3：12.5％，Fe2O3：0.4％，TiO2：0.2％，CaO：9.8％，MgO：3.9％，K2O：2.2％，Na2O: 4.5%, BaO: 3.1%, ZnO: 3.6%, loss on ignition: 8.6 percent. The application mode of the protective glaze is screen printing, the specific gravity is 1.33, and the glazing amount is 60g/m2。
5. And applying a polishing glaze on the blank body after the protective glaze is applied. The chemical composition of the glaze polishing is as follows: SiO 22：51.1％，Al2O3：12.5％，Fe2O3：0.4％，TiO2：0.2％，CaO：9.8％，MgO：3.9％，K2O：2.2％，Na2O: 4.5%, BaO: 3.1%, ZnO: 3.6%, loss on ignition: 8.6 percent. The glazing applying mode is spraying glazing, the specific gravity is 1.82, and the glazing amount is 650g/m2。
6. The roller kiln is used for rapid firing, the maximum firing temperature is 1230 ℃, and the firing period is 65 min.
7. And (6) polishing.
8. Firstly, grinding 16 millstone aqueous antifouling wax water, applying for 25 seconds, and applying amount of 50g/m2Then 2 oily antifouling wax liquids are ground, the application time is 4 seconds, and the application amount is 8g/m2. The water-based antifouling wax comprises the following raw materials: nano-silica particles: 40%, antifreezing solvent 1%, surfactant 1%, alkaline corrosion agent 1%, organosilane coupling agent 1% and water 56%. The oily antifouling wax comprises the following raw materials: nano-silica particles: 30 percent of antifreezing solvent, 0.3 percent of surfactant, 0.5 percent of organosilane coupling agent, 25 percent of dimethyl silicone oil and 43.9 percent of hydrogen-containing silicone oil.
9. Washing and drying at 200 deg.c for 90 sec.
10. Beating 20 millstone anti-skid wax water, applying for 20 seconds, and applying amount is 50g/m2. The anti-skid wax water comprises the following raw materials: 20% of ammonium fluoride solution, 10% of sodium chloride, 20% of surfactant, 20% of tartaric acid active peptide and 30% of water.
11. And (6) edging and packaging in a grading manner.
The dry static friction coefficient of the fully-polished glazed porcelain brick obtained in the embodiment can reach 0.7, and the wet static friction coefficient can reach 0.63; stain resistance rating 5. In addition, as can be seen from fig. 2, the anti-slip and anti-fouling brick prepared by the preparation method of the invention has fine hand feeling and smooth surface, and is different from the existing common anti-slip brick which has rough surface hand feeling (as shown in fig. 3).
Example 2
Essentially the same as in example 1, except that:
in the step 5, the chemical composition of the glaze polishing is as follows: SiO 22：53.4％、Al2O3：11％、Fe2O3：0.1％、TiO2：0.2％、CaO：7.6％、MgO：2.6％、K2O：4％、Na2O: 2.6%, BaO: 6.6%, ZnO: 5.9%, loss on ignition: 6 percent. Pouring and polishing glaze: the specific gravity is 1.88, and the glazing amount is 550g/m2。
In step 8, the aqueous antifouling wax comprises the following raw materials: 60% of nano silicon dioxide particles, 1% of anti-freezing solvent, 0.5% of surfactant, 1.5% of alkaline corrosive, 0.5% of organosilane coupling agent and 36.5% of water. The oily antifouling wax comprises the following raw materials: nano-silica particles: 38 percent, 1 percent of antifreezing solvent, 1 percent of surfactant, 1 percent of organosilane coupling agent, 17 percent of dimethyl silicone oil and 42 percent of hydrogen-containing silicone oil. Grinding 20 millstone aqueous antifouling wax water, applying time is 28 seconds, and applying amount is 65g/m2Polishing 4 groups of oily antifouling wax water, applying time is 8 seconds, and applying amount is 15g/m2。
And 9, washing and drying at the temperature of 300 ℃ for 30 seconds.
In the step 10, the anti-skid wax water comprises the following raw materials: 16% of ammonium fluoride solution, 10% of sodium chloride, 14% of surfactant, 30% of tartaric acid active peptide and 30% of water. Polishing 28 grinding disc anti-skid wax water, applying time is 40 seconds, and applying amount is 65g/m2。
The dry static friction coefficient and the wet static friction coefficient of the surface of the ceramic tile brick obtained by the embodiment can reach 0.73 and 0.66 respectively; stain resistance rating 5.
Example 3
Essentially the same as in example 1, except that:
in the step 5, the chemical composition of the glaze polishing is as follows: SiO 22：57.0％、Al2O3：11.8％、Fe2O3：0.15％、TiO2：0.2％、CaO：5.6％、MgO：3.2％、K2O：3.1％、Na2O: 3.3%, BaO: 4%, ZnO: 4%, loss on ignition: 7.6 percent. Pouring and polishing glaze: the specific gravity is 1.85, and the glazing amount is 600g/m2。
In step 8, the aqueous antifouling wax comprises the following raw materials: 50% of nano silicon dioxide particles, 0.7% of anti-freezing solvent, 2% of surfactant, 0.6% of alkaline corrosive, 0.7% of organosilane coupling agent and 46% of water. The oily antifouling wax comprises the following raw materials: nano-silica particles: 30 percent of antifreezing solvent, 0.8 percent of surfactant, 0.7 percent of organosilane coupling agent, 15 percent of dimethyl silicone oil and 53 percent of hydrogen-containing silicone oil. Beating 24 millstone aqueous antifouling wax water, applying for 35 seconds and applying amount of 80g/m2Applying 3 oily antifouling wax water for 6 seconds at an application amount of 12g/m2。
And 9, washing and drying at 250 ℃ for 60 seconds.
In the step 10, the anti-skid wax water comprises the following raw materials: 10% of ammonium fluoride solution, 20% of sodium chloride, 10% of surfactant, 15% of tartaric acid active peptide and 45% of water. Beating 24 millstone anti-skid wax water, curing time 35 seconds, application amount 40g/m2。
The dry static friction coefficient and the wet static friction coefficient of the surface of the ceramic tile brick obtained by the embodiment can reach 0.68 and 0.62 respectively; stain resistance rating 5.
Comparative example 1
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
step 8, polishing 16 millstone water-based antifouling wax water, applying for 25 seconds, and applying the amount of 50g/m2. The water-based antifouling wax comprises the following raw materials: nano-silica particles: 40%, antifreezing solvent 1%, surfactant 1%, alkaline corrosion agent 1%, organosilane coupling agent 1% and water 56%.
The obtained fully-polished glazed porcelain tile has rough hand feeling, the dry static friction coefficient can reach 0.80, and the wet static friction coefficient can reach 0.74; stain resistance was grade 3.
Comparative example 2
Essentially the same as in example 1, except that:
step (ii) of8. Beating 20 millstone anti-skid wax water, applying for 20 seconds, and applying amount is 50g/m2. The anti-skid wax water comprises the following raw materials: 20% of ammonium fluoride solution, 10% of sodium chloride, 20% of surfactant, 20% of tartaric acid active peptide and 30% of water.
Step 10, polishing 16 millstone aqueous antifouling wax water, applying for 25 seconds, and applying amount of 50g/m2Then 2 oily antifouling wax liquids are ground, the application time is 4 seconds, and the application amount is 8g/m2. The water-based antifouling wax comprises the following raw materials: nano-silica particles: 40%, antifreezing solvent 1%, surfactant 1%, alkaline corrosion agent 1%, organosilane coupling agent 1% and water 56%. The oily antifouling wax comprises the following raw materials: nano-silica particles: 30 percent of antifreezing solvent, 0.3 percent of surfactant, 0.5 percent of organosilane coupling agent, 25 percent of dimethyl silicone oil and 43.9 percent of hydrogen-containing silicone oil.
The obtained fully-polished glazed porcelain tile has fine hand feeling, the dry static friction coefficient can reach 0.61, and the wet static friction coefficient can reach 0.50; stain resistance rating 5.
Claims (10)
1. The ceramic polishing anti-slip wax is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: the composition comprises, by mass, 10-20% of an ammonium fluoride solution, 10-20% of sodium chloride, 10-20% of a surfactant, 15-30% of a tartaric acid active peptide and 30-50% of water.
2. The use of the ceramic polishing anti-slip wax as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ceramic polishing anti-slip wax is applied to the surface of the ceramic tile in an amount of 40-65 g/m2The application time is 20-40 seconds.
3. The preparation method of the smooth-surface anti-slip antifouling full-glazed porcelain tile is characterized in that the surface of the glazed tile is sequentially polished with the water-based antifouling wax, the oil-based antifouling wax and the ceramic polishing anti-slip wax according to claim 1.
4. The method of claim 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) manufacturing a blank body;
(2) spreading a cover glaze on the blank;
(3) printing an ink-jet design pattern on the surface of the blank body on which the overglaze is applied;
(4) printing cloth and applying protective glaze on a silk screen or a roller on the surface of the blank after printing the ink-jet design pattern;
(5) spreading a glaze polishing on the surface of the blank body on which the protective glaze is spread;
(6) firing;
(7) polishing;
(8) sequentially polishing the surface of the polished blank with water-based antifouling wax and oil-based antifouling wax, washing and drying;
(9) polishing the surface of the dried blank by using ceramic polishing anti-skid wax;
(10) and (5) edging, packaging and grading.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the polished mineral composition comprises 5-10% of quartz; preferably, the polished mineral composition comprises: by mass, 18-26% of potassium feldspar, 20-30% of albite, 4-7% of kaolin, 5-10% of quartz, 7-10% of calcined kaolin, 8-12% of calcined talc, 6-10% of calcite, 5-8% of wollastonite, 4-8% of barium carbonate and 4-6.5% of zinc oxide.
6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the chemical composition of the glaze comprises: by mass percent, SiO2：51.0～57.0%、Al2O3：11.0～12.5%、Fe2O3：0～0.4%、TiO2：0～0.2%、CaO：5.6～9.8%、MgO：2.6～3.9%、K2O：2.2～4.0%、Na2O: 2.6-4.5%, BaO: 3.1-6.6%, ZnO: 3.6-5.9%, loss on ignition: 6.0-8.6%.
7. The preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the raw material composition of the aqueous antifouling wax comprises: the nano silicon dioxide particles comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 40-60%, 0.3-1% of an antifreezing solvent, 0.5-2% of a surfactant, 0.6-1.5% of an alkaline corrosion agent, 0.5-1% of an organosilane coupling agent and 36-56% of water.
8. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the raw material composition of the oily antifouling wax comprises: by mass percentage, 30-40% of nano silicon dioxide particles, 0.3-1% of an anti-freezing solvent, 0.3-1% of a surfactant, 0.5-1% of an organosilane coupling agent, 15-25% of dimethyl silicone oil and 42-55% of hydrogen-containing silicone oil.
9. The method for preparing the ceramic tile according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the application amount of the water-based antifouling wax on the surface of the ceramic tile is 50 to 80g/m2The application time is 20-35 seconds; the application amount of the oily antifouling wax on the surface of the ceramic tile is 8-15g/m2The application time is 4-8 seconds.
10. The anti-slip and anti-fouling fully-polished glazed ceramic tile obtained by the preparation method of the smooth-surface anti-slip and anti-fouling fully-polished glazed ceramic tile according to any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the dry static friction coefficient of the ceramic tile is above 0.66, and the wet static friction coefficient of the ceramic tile is above 0.6.
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