CN111000799B - 一种具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液及其制备方法和应用。本发明首先将卵清蛋白与羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖混合形成聚电解质复合物软凝胶，然后通过高速均质分散形成微凝胶，再采用二氢杨梅素交联后形成的软固体粒子为乳化剂，以姜黄素的中链甘油三酸酯溶液为油相，制备姜黄素Pickering乳液。本发明通过改变软凝胶、微凝胶以及二氢杨梅素交联条件来制备具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液。本发明制备的姜黄素Pickering乳液不仅保留了羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖结肠靶向传输的性质，还能够避免环境对姜黄素造成的不利影响，极大地提高了姜黄素的生物利用度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于靶向释放技术领域，具体涉及具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
姜黄素是多年生草本植物姜黄的有效成分，具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、抗肿瘤、抗过敏、增强纤维活性和抗阿尔茨海默病等药理作用，除此之外，还可干扰多种细胞信号转导通路，如抑制结肠癌细胞周期进程、减少血管生成和诱导细胞凋亡等。由于分子间和分子内氢键较强，姜黄素在水中的溶解度和溶出率极低，这使得食品加工过程中姜黄素与其它食品原料的配伍性极差，而且在体内的生物利用度极低，并且姜黄素对加热、紫外线照射和高pH值等环境因素也很敏感，这限制了姜黄素在食品及医药等领域的应用。
目前传输姜黄素的载体主要有脂质体、纳米颗粒、纳米胶束、乳状液和水凝胶等，以这些载体为基础大大改善了姜黄素溶解度低、体内代谢快等缺陷，表明构建传输体系对于拓展姜黄素的应用范围具有重要的意义。其中乳状液体系被广泛应用于活性成分的包埋，而Pickering乳液是由固体纳米颗粒代替传统乳化剂而稳定的新型乳液，与传统乳液相比，Pickering乳液具有强界面稳定性、抗奥氏熟化、储存稳定性好等优势。
目前用于稳定Pickering乳液的固体颗粒主要有二氧化硅及合成乳胶等，由于这些粒子的安全性问题，限制了Pickering乳液在食品工业中的应用。而以环境友好的可再生材料如蛋白质、淀粉、多糖等纳米颗粒为稳定剂制备Pickering乳液，逐渐成为开发新型Pickering乳液乳化剂的发展趋势。固体颗粒在油水界面的不可逆吸附形成的乳液乳滴之间的空间位阻效应阻碍了液滴的聚并，同时固体粒子之间相互缠结形成网络结构，这都在一定程度上增加了乳液的稳定性。因此，Pickering乳液体系将成为一种新型功能性食品的潜在靶向传输体系。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液及其制备方法和应用，本发明将卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖聚电解质复合物软凝胶高速分散形成微凝胶，经过二氢杨梅素交联以后形成的软固体粒子作为乳化剂，以姜黄素的中链甘油三酸酯溶液为油相，制备姜黄素Pickering乳液，极大地提高了姜黄素的生物利用度，并有效的拓展了姜黄素在食品、医药等领域的应用范围。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用下述技术方案予以实现：
本发明提供了具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液的制备方法：所述制备方法包括如下步骤：
（1）将卵清蛋白溶液与羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶液按照体积比5:1~1:1混合，调节pH值为2.5~4，在25~55℃条件下搅拌，得到卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖聚电解质复合物软凝胶；
（2）将步骤（1）得到的聚电解质复合物软凝胶经高速均质分散之后得到卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖微凝胶；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的微凝胶与二氢杨梅素溶液混合，调节pH值为3~5，搅拌6~12h，制备得到软固体粒子；
（4）将步骤（3）得到的软固体粒子与姜黄素油相以体积比为4:1~12:1混合，调节pH=3~6，高速均质制备得到结肠靶向传输姜黄素Pickering乳液。
进一步的，所述步骤（1）中卵清蛋白溶液中卵清蛋白的浓度为0.2~1%（w/v）。
进一步的，所述步骤（1）中羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖的取代度为0.28~0.74、电势为-26.9 mV~-38.6 mV，质量浓度为0.2~1%。
进一步的，所述步骤（2）中高速均质分散的转速为10000~15000 r/min，分散时间为20~40 min。
进一步的，所述步骤（3）中二氢杨梅素溶液的浓度为0.1%~0.25 %（w/v），搅拌转速为2000~4000 r/min。
进一步的，所述步骤（4）中姜黄素在油相的浓度为10~12 mg/mL。
进一步的，所述步骤（4）中均质的温度为25~65℃，速度为11000~15000 r/min，均质时间为5~10min。
本发明还提供了上述制备方法制得的具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液。
进一步的，所述乳液的载药量为0.22~0.35 mg/g。
进一步的，所述乳液在含β-甘露聚糖酶的模拟结肠环境中的释放量为27%~38%，在小鼠体内的生物利用度为游离姜黄素的4.3~5.7倍。
本发明还提供了具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液在制备功能性食品或抗炎药物中的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点和积极效果是：
1、蛋白质和多糖都是可食用、自然界可再生的资源，其生物相容性和可降解性远优于无机材料，本发明选用卵清蛋白和羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖，将这两种材料复合，可利用亲、疏水性互补的方式实现界面行为调节并获得两相润湿性好、适宜稳定Pickering乳液的复合颗粒。相较于单一颗粒，复合颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液避免了合成改性剂的引入，提升了乳液的安全性；同时蛋白质、多糖之间的相互作用可以使液滴间形成特殊的网络结构，进一步增强了乳液的稳定性；此外蛋白、多糖的同时存在增加了活性物质与颗粒结合的可能性，赋予了乳液更优异的荷载属性。
2.本发明将魔芋葡甘聚糖进行羧甲基化改性，制备的羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖带有负电荷且具有较好的溶解性和粘性，将其与带相反电荷的聚电解质通过静电相互作用制备软凝胶，然后通过高速分散形成微凝胶，再经过二氢杨梅素交联作用后制备的软固体粒子为乳化剂，制备姜黄素Pickering乳液。
与传统的Pickering乳液稳定剂相比，利用微凝胶制备Pickering乳液具有以下优势：首先，微凝胶具有聚合物和颗粒的两种特性，微凝胶作为一种表面活性剂起到抑制乳状液分层的作用；微凝胶颗粒间的斥力有利于颗粒分散并能有效的提高乳状液的稳定性。其次，微凝胶柔软、易变形，容易吸附在食品乳状液的油水界面上，当聚合物内部的拓扑网络结构和其他吸附颗粒发生相互作用，微凝胶颗粒会发生变形和重排，颗粒间高度结合导致界面层变厚且具有机械弹性，进一步提高Pickering乳液的稳定性。
3.本发明根据羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖在经过消化道时不会被位于胃及小肠的酶所降解，而能被结肠部位的β-甘露聚糖酶降解的特点，制备的姜黄素Pickering乳液在胃肠液中释放量低，而在含β-甘露聚糖酶的结肠液中有较高的释放量，具备结肠定位酶降解的特异性，因此能够显著提高姜黄素的生物利用度，可拓展姜黄素在食品及医药领域的应用范围。与传统的肠道靶向传输体系比较，羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖无毒无害，生物相容性好。姜黄素Pickering乳液制备方法简单，可通过改变软凝胶、微凝胶及二氢杨梅素交联条件来改变Pickering乳液的传输性能，从而得到稳定的具有结肠靶向传输性能的姜黄素Pickering乳液。
结合附图阅读本发明的具体实施方式后，本发明的其他特点和优点将变得更加清楚。
附图说明
图1为本发明姜黄素Pickering乳液的制备工艺流程图；
图2为本发明软凝胶和微凝胶外观形态图，其中A-C为软凝胶，D为微凝胶；
图3为本发明实施例1、3和5中用于制备Pickering乳液的微凝胶的TEM图片；
图4为本发明实施例1、3和5中Pickering乳液的外观形态图；
图5为本发明实施例1、3和5中Pickering乳液的显微结构图；
图6为本发明实施例1中Pickering乳液释放率；
图7为本发明实施例1中Pickering乳液中姜黄素在小鼠体内的血药浓度-时间曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细的说明。
本发明中所需材料和溶液的制备方法如下：
羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖（CMKGM）的制备：称取5g魔芋葡甘聚糖溶解于40mL 70%（v/v）的乙醇中，加入40%（w/v）NaOH溶液，溶解后于50℃水浴中搅拌1h进行碱化处理。碱化溶胀后，按照氯乙酸:NaOH摩尔比为1:1~3:1加入氯乙酸的水溶液，50℃反应2h，用1.0mol/L HCl调节溶液pH至7，收集沉淀，将沉淀依次用70%（v/v）的乙醇、95%（v/v）的乙醇和无水乙醇洗涤数次，50℃热风干燥至恒重，得到取代度为0.28~0.74、电势为-26.9mV~-38.6mV的CMKGM。
1%（w/v）的卵清蛋白储备液：准确称取1g卵清蛋白溶解于100mL去离子水中，在磁力搅拌器下恒温搅拌30min，得1%（w/v）的卵清蛋白溶液。
1%（w/v）的CMKGM储备液：准确称取1g CMKGM溶解于100 mL去离子水中，磁力搅拌器恒温搅拌至充分溶解，得1%（w/v）的CMKGM溶液。
姜黄素油相：称取一定量姜黄素，分散在中链甘油三酸酯中，使得姜黄素浓度为12mg/mL，80℃下避光加热搅拌至完全溶解。
模拟胃液：取6mL浓盐酸，加入去离子水定容至1L，用0.1mol/L HCl调节pH至1.2后加入胃蛋白酶使其含量达到9600U/L，过滤后备用。
模拟小肠液：取0.2mol/L磷酸氢二钠和磷酸二氢钠各49mL和51mL，混合，加入800mL去离子水，用0.1mol/L NaOH调节pH至6.8，最后用去离子水定容至1L。加入胰蛋白酶使其含量达到25000U/L，过滤后备用。
模拟结肠液：取0.2mol/L磷酸氢二钠和磷酸二氢钠各81mL和19mL，混合，加入800mL去离子水，用0.1mol/L NaOH调节pH至7.4，最后用去离子水定容至1L。加入β-甘露聚糖酶使其含量达到600U/L，过滤后备用。
如图1所示，具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1、将0.2~1%（w/v）的卵清蛋白水溶液与0.2~1%（w/v）的羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶液按照5:1~1:1的体积比混合，调节溶液pH值为2.5~4，在25~55℃条件下反应，制备卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖软凝胶。
2、将步骤1中得到的软凝胶在10000~15000r/min的转速下分散20~40min之后得到卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖微凝胶。
3、以0.1%~0.25%（w/v）二氢杨梅素作为交联剂，与步骤2得到的微凝胶混合，调节pH值为3~5，以转速2000~4000r/min搅拌6~12h，制备软固体粒子。
4、将步骤3得到的软固体粒子与10~12mg/mL姜黄素油相以体积比为4:1~12:1混合，调节pH=3~6，使用均质乳化机在25~65℃下11000~15000r/min均质5~10min，制备得到姜黄素结肠靶向传输Pickering乳液。
软凝胶和微凝胶外观形态图如图2所示，实施例1、3和5中用于制备Pickering乳液的微凝胶的TEM图片如图3所示。
检测制得的姜黄素Pickering乳液的宏观和微观的形态结构特征，结果如图4和图5所示，姜黄素Pickering乳液为黄色，粒径大小分布均匀，分散性好。
实施例1
本实施例中姜黄素Pickering乳液传输体系的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1、将0.2%（w/v）的卵清蛋白水溶液与取代度为0.28、电势为-26.9mV的0.2%（w/v）的羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶液按照5:1的体积比混合，调节溶液pH值为2.5，在25℃条件下反应，制备卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖复合物软凝胶。
2、将步骤1中得到的软凝胶在10000 r/min的转速下分散20min之后得到卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖微凝胶。
3、将步骤2得到的微凝胶通过加入0.22%（w/v）二氢杨梅素作为交联剂，调节pH值为3，以4000r/min的转速搅拌6h，制备软固体粒子。
4、将步骤3得到的软固体粒子与10mg/mL的姜黄素油相以体积比为4:1混合，调节pH=3，在25℃下以11000r/min的转速均质10min，制备得到姜黄素结肠靶向传输Pickering乳液。
该条件下制备的姜黄素Pickering乳液载药量为0.22mg/g；姜黄素Pickering乳液在模拟胃液中浸泡3h后释放率为8.5%；在模拟小肠液中浸泡3h后释放率为13%；在模拟结肠液中浸泡3h后释放率达31%，释放结果如图6所示。
体内实验：取姜黄素Pickering乳液灌胃SD小鼠，灌胃剂量为12mg姜黄素/kg•bw，灌胃后0、10min、20min、30min、40min、1h、2h、4h、8h，小鼠眼球取血，测定血浆中姜黄素含量，根据不同时间点血药浓度绘制血药浓度-时间曲线，采用药动学药效学数据处理软件计算Pickering乳液中姜黄素在小鼠体内的药代动力学参数，计算相对生物利用度。乳液中姜黄素在小鼠体内的血药浓度-时间曲线如图7所示。
姜黄素Pickering乳液的生物利用度是游离姜黄素的5.3倍。由此可知，该实施例得到了一种具有良好结肠靶向传输性能的姜黄素Pickering乳液。
实施例2
本实施例中姜黄素Pickering乳液传输体系的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1、将0.4%（w/v）的卵清蛋白水溶液与取代度为0.44、电势为-32.3mV的0.4%（w/v）的羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶液按照4:1的体积比混合，调节溶液pH值为4，在30℃条件下反应，制备卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖复合物软凝胶。
2、将步骤1中得到的软凝胶在11000r/min的转速下分散25min之后得到卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖微凝胶。
3、将步骤2得到的微凝胶通过加入0.1%二氢杨梅素作为交联剂，调节pH值为3.5，以3500 r/min的转速搅拌7h，制备软固体粒子。
4、将步骤3得到的软固体粒子与11mg/mL的姜黄素油相以体积比为6:1混合，调节pH=3.5，在35℃下以12000r/min的转速均质8min，制备得到姜黄素结肠靶向传输Pickering乳液。
根据实施例1中的方法制备模拟胃液、模拟结肠液和模拟小肠液，姜黄素Pickering乳液的载药量为0.25mg/g；姜黄素Pickering乳液在模拟胃液中浸泡3h后释放率为9%；在模拟小肠液中浸泡3h后释放率为12%；在模拟结肠液中浸泡3h后释放率达27%；姜黄素Pickering乳液的生物利用度是游离姜黄素的4.3倍。由此可知，该实施例得到了一种具有良好结肠靶向传输性能的姜黄素Pickering乳液。
实施例3
本实施例中姜黄素Pickering乳液传输体系的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1、将0.6%（w/v）的卵清蛋白水溶液与取代度为0.55、电势为-33.6mV的0.6%（w/v）的羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶液按照3:1的体积比混合，调节溶液pH值为3.5，在35℃条件下反应，制备卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖复合物软凝胶。
2、将步骤1中得到的软凝胶在12000r/min的转速下分散30min之后得到卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖微凝胶。
3、将步骤2得到的微凝胶通过加入0.15%二氢杨梅素作为交联剂，调节pH值为4，以3000r/min的转速搅拌8h，制备软固体粒子。
4、将步骤3得到的软固体粒子与12mg/mL的姜黄素油相以体积比为8:1混合，调节pH=4，在45℃下以14000r/min的转速均质7min，制备得到姜黄素结肠靶向传输Pickering乳液。
根据实施例1中的方法制备模拟胃液、模拟结肠液和模拟小肠液。姜黄素Pickering乳液的载药量为0.35mg/g；姜黄素Pickering乳液在模拟胃液中浸泡3h后释放率为11%；在模拟小肠液中浸泡3h后释放率为14%；在模拟结肠液中浸泡3h后释放率达30%；姜黄素Pickering乳液的生物利用度是游离姜黄素的5.1倍。由此可知，该实施例得到了一种具有良好结肠靶向传输性能的姜黄素Pickering乳液。
实施例4
本实施例中姜黄素Pickering乳液传输体系的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1、将0.8%（w/v）的卵清蛋白水溶液与取代度为0.72、电势为-36.7mV的0.8%（w/v）的羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶液按照2:1的体积比混合，调节溶液pH值为3，在45℃条件下反应，制备卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖复合物软凝胶。
2、将步骤1中得到的软凝胶在14000r/min的转速下分散35min之后得到卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖微凝胶。
3、将步骤2得到的微凝胶通过加入0.2%二氢杨梅素作为交联剂，调节pH值为4.5，以2500r/min的转速搅拌10h，制备软固体粒子。
4、将步骤3得到的软固体粒子与11mg/mL的姜黄素油相以体积比为10:1混合，调节pH=5，在55℃下以14000r/min的转速均质6min，制备得到姜黄素结肠靶向传输Pickering乳液。
根据实施例1中的方法制备模拟胃液、模拟结肠液和模拟小肠液，姜黄素Pickering乳液的载药量为0.30mg/g；姜黄素Pickering乳液在模拟胃液中浸泡3h后释放率为12%；在模拟小肠液中浸泡3h后释放率为13%；在模拟结肠液中浸泡3h后释放率达29%；姜黄素Pickering乳液的生物利用度是游离姜黄素的4.8倍。由此可知，该实施例得到了一种具有良好结肠靶向传输性能的姜黄素Pickering乳液。
实施例5
本实施例中姜黄素Pickering乳液传输体系的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1、将1%（w/v）的卵清蛋白水溶液与取代度为0.74、电势为-38.6mV的1%（w/v）的羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶液按照1:1的体积比混合，调节溶液pH值为3，在55℃条件下反应，制备卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖复合物软凝胶。
2、将步骤1中得到的软凝胶在15000r/min的转速下分散40min之后得到卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖微凝胶。
3、将步骤2得到的微凝胶通过加入0.25%二氢杨梅素作为交联剂，调节pH值为5，以2000r/min的转速搅拌12h，制备软固体粒子。
4、将步骤3得到的软固体粒子与10mg/mL的姜黄素油相以体积比为12:1混合，调节pH=6，在65℃下以15000r/min的转速均质5min，制备得到姜黄素结肠靶向传输Pickering乳液。
根据实施例1中的方法制备模拟胃液、模拟结肠液和模拟小肠液，姜黄素Pickering乳液的载药量为0.27mg/g；姜黄素Pickering乳液在模拟胃液中浸泡3h后释放率为11%；在模拟小肠液中浸泡3h后释放率为16%；在模拟结肠液中浸泡3h后释放率达38%；姜黄素Pickering乳液的生物利用度是游离姜黄素的5.7倍。由此可知，该实施例得到了一种具有良好结肠靶向传输性能的姜黄素Pickering乳液。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其进行限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换而这些修改或替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液的制备方法，其特征在于：所述制备方法包括如下步骤：
（1）将卵清蛋白溶液与羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶液按照体积比5:1~1:1混合，调节pH值为2.5~4，在25~55℃条件下搅拌，得到卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖聚电解质复合物软凝胶；
（2）将步骤（1）得到的聚电解质复合物软凝胶经高速均质分散之后得到卵清蛋白-羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖微凝胶；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的微凝胶与二氢杨梅素溶液混合，调节pH值为3~5，搅拌6~12h，制备得到软固体粒子；
（4）将步骤（3）得到的软固体粒子与姜黄素油相以体积比为4:1~12:1混合，调节pH为3~6，高速均质制备得到所述具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液；
所述姜黄素油相为姜黄素的中链甘油三酸酯溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（1）中卵清蛋白溶液中卵清蛋白的w/v浓度为0.2~1%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（1）中羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖的取代度为0.28~0.74、电势为-26.9 mV~-38.6 mV，质量浓度为0.2~1%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（2）中高速均质分散的转速为10000~15000 r/min，分散时间为20~40min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（3）中二氢杨梅素溶液的w/v浓度为0.1%~0.25 %，搅拌转速为2000~4000 r/min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（4）中姜黄素在油相的浓度为10~12 mg/mL。
7.根据权利要求1所述的具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（4）中均质的温度为25~65℃，速度为11000~15000 r/min，均质时间为5~10 min。
8.权利要求1~7中任一项所述的制备方法制得的具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液。
9.根据权利要求8所述的具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液，其特征在于：所述乳液的载药量为0.22~0.35 mg/g。
10.权利要求8或9所述的具有结肠靶向传输功能的姜黄素Pickering乳液在制备抗炎药物中的应用。
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