CN110999624A

CN110999624A - Straw chopping and returning device

Info

Publication number: CN110999624A
Application number: CN202010016740.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐礼超; 陈勇; 胡晓明; 刘永臣
Original assignee: Huaiyin Institute of Technology
Current assignee: Huaiyin Institute of Technology
Priority date: 2020-01-08
Filing date: 2020-01-08
Publication date: 2020-04-14

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw chopping and returning device, wherein the initial cutters of all sections of the device are sequentially arranged according to the working sequence of an engine and have the circumferential phase difference of

Two initial cutters which are arranged according to the sequence of the sequential work done by the engine are not arranged in the adjacent sections, the cutters in each section are uniformly distributed in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the rotary cutter roller, and the circumferential phase difference of the adjacent cutters in each section is

The cutter can cut straws in a bilateral symmetry staggered manner, the phenomenon that the cut straws are conveyed to one side and the cutter is not abraded uniformly is avoided, the cutting performance of the cutter is improved, the overall straw cutting effect is improved, the returning uniformity of the thrown straws is reduced, the vibration amplitude of the knife roller is reduced, the stable operation of the rotary knife roller can be ensured, and the service lives of the rotary knife roller and bearings at two ends are prolonged.

Description

Straw chopping and returning device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural equipment, and particularly relates to a straw chopping and returning device.

Background

In the world, energy substances and ecological environment are important factors influencing the survival and development of human society, and play an irreplaceable promoting role in the aspects of economic and social sustainable development. The crop straws are wastes such as roots and stems remaining after rice and wheat and other crops are harvested in agricultural production, the annual straw amount of China is about 8 hundred million tons, the straw yield accounts for about 30 percent of the total amount of the straws all over the world, the first place in the world is that the straw types are mainly straws of crops such as rice, wheat, corn and the like, and the crop straws contain various mineral nutrient elements and organic matter components necessary for the growth of the crops, so that the straw returning can effectively increase soil organic matters, improve the soil structure, improve the soil fertility, promote the microbial activity and the growth of the crops, realize the yield and income increase of the crops, and simultaneously the straw returning can reduce the environmental pollution caused by the incineration of the straws and the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, thereby being an important environment-friendly technology, and developing the research and the development of the mechanical straw returning technology and matched machines, has become an important research content related to the sustainable benign development of agriculture in our country.

The existing straw chopping and returning machine generally adopts a hammer claw type or cutter type working part to chop straws, the straws are sucked into a chopping chamber under the action of negative pressure at a feeding port, the straws are chopped under the action of high-speed rotation of a chopper, and finally the chopped straws are thrown out of the chopping chamber by air flow and are uniformly thrown on the ground. The arrangement mode of cutters generally adopts a spiral line arrangement mode, and although the arrangement mode has the advantages of simple structure, uniform stress of the cutter roller, reduction of vibration of machines and tools and the like, the spiral lines arranged by the cutters on the same side are consistent in rotating direction, so that the problems of conveying of chopped straws to one side, uneven cutter abrasion and straw scattering, poor working stability of the cutter roller and the like usually exist during working. In order to overcome the defects of the existing straw chopping and returning machine, a novel rice and wheat straw chopping and returning device is needed to be designed.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the straw chopping and returning device, which is adopted to improve the running stability of the knife roll, prevent the straws from moving to one side and winding the knife roll, improve the integral chopping effect of the straws and the uniformity of throwing and returning, reduce the vibration amplitude of the knife roll and prolong the service life of a cutter.

The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a straw chopping and returning device, which comprises a chopping chamber shell, a rotary knife roller arranged in the chopping chamber shell and a plurality of cutters arranged on the surface of the rotary knife roller; recording the direction from one end of the self-rotating knife roller to the other end as a positive direction, wherein the distances between adjacent knives in the positive direction are consistent; equally dividing the rotary knife roller into a plurality of sections along the positive direction, wherein the number of cutters arranged in each section is the same, the cutters in each section are sequentially sequenced along the positive direction, and the circumferential phase difference of the initial cutters in each section sequentially arranged according to the work sequence of the engine is as follows

Two initial cutters which are arranged according to the sequence of the sequential work done by the engine are not arranged in adjacent sections, wherein m is the number of the equally divided sections; the cutters in each section are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotary cutter roller, and the circumferential phase difference of adjacent cutters in each section is

Wherein n is the number of cutters in each section.

Wherein, rotatory rotor edge the positive direction interval is provided with a plurality of vortex parts, and the interval of two adjacent vortex parts is the same.

The turbulence part comprises a plurality of turbulence blades which are uniformly arranged on the circumferential direction of the rotary knife roll, and the turbulence blades of different turbulence parts are mutually aligned in the axial direction of the rotary knife roll.

The chopping chamber shell comprises an arc-shaped housing and side plates fixed at two ends of the arc-shaped housing; and a plurality of fixed cutters are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped housing along the positive direction.

In the positive direction, the fixed cutters and the cutters are arranged at intervals.

The cutter comprises a cutter seat and a cutter group arranged on the cutter seat; the knife group comprises a straight knife and two L-shaped improved curved knives, the straight knife protrudes outwards along the radial direction of the rotary knife roller, and the two L-shaped improved curved knives are respectively arranged on two sides of the straight knife and are bent towards the fixed knife directions on the two sides.

The belt conveyor comprises a rotary knife roll, a driving device and a belt pulley, wherein the driving device comprises rolling bearings arranged on two side plates, a rotary shaft arranged in the rolling bearings in a penetrating mode and connected to two ends of the rotary knife roll, and the belt pulley connected to the outer end of the rotary shaft.

The straw clearing device comprises a rotating shaft, a straw clearing blade and a side plate, wherein the straw clearing blade is fixed on the rotating shaft and is positioned between the rotating knife roller and the side plate.

The grass removing knife comprises four blades which are uniformly distributed around the rotating shaft in an angle of 90 degrees.

Has the advantages that: the initial cutters of all sections of the straw chopping and returning device are sequentially arranged according to the working sequence of the engine and have the circumferential phase difference of

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the straw chopping and returning apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of 24 groups of cutters on the spreading plane of a rotary knife roll in the embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic distribution diagram of 36 groups of cutters on the spreading plane of the rotary cutter roller in the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

As shown in figure 1, the straw chopping and returning device comprises a chopping chamber shell, a rotary knife roller 14 arranged inside the chopping chamber shell, a plurality of cutters arranged on the surface of the rotary knife roller 14, a driving device for driving the rotary knife roller 14 to rotate, a turbulence part and a grass removing knife 4.

Wherein, the chopping chamber casing includes arc housing 7 and welded fastening at the curb plate 1 of arc housing 7 both ends, has evenly arranged the stationary knife 6 of directional rotatory rotor 14 along the axial between the inboard front portion of arc housing 7 and top, and the stationary knife 6 is fixed on arc housing 7 through bolt 8 with the stationary knife seat welding back, and in the axial, stationary knife 6 is ordinary straight sword, and both ends all have the blade through quenching treatment about, and stationary knife 6 and cutter are arranged at intervals each other for form the cutting support between the two.

The rotary knife roll 14 is a hollow steel knife roll with a larger diameter, two ends of the rotary knife roll are welded with rotary shafts 12, the rotary shafts 12 penetrate through rolling bearings 2 arranged on the side plates 1, and the rotary shafts 12 on one side extend out of the shell of the shredding chamber and are connected with a belt disc 13 arranged outside through splines. The grass removing knives 4 at two ends of the rotary knife roll 14 are fixed on the rotating shaft 12 through the splines 3, and four blades of the grass removing knives 4 are uniformly distributed around the rotating shaft 12 at 90 degrees.

The surface of the rotating knife roller 14 is welded with the knife seat 5, and the knife group is fixed on the knife seat 5 through a hinge 15. The turbulent flow parts are respectively arranged between the cutter holders 5 which are adjacent in the axial direction, and the turbulent flow parts are uniformly distributed at intervals in the axial direction, namely, the distance between the two adjacent turbulent flow parts is the same. Taking fig. 1 as an example, the first spoiler portion counted on the left side is arranged between the 1 st and 2 nd tool holders 5, and then one spoiler portion is arranged every 3 tool holders. The spoiler portion includes four spoiler blades 11 evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotary cutter drum 14, that is, the four spoiler blades 11 of each spoiler portion are evenly arranged around the same circumference at 90 °. While the phase difference of the turbulence blades 11 with different circumferential surfaces on the same axial section is 0 degree, namely the turbulence blades 11 with different turbulence parts are mutually aligned in the axial direction of the rotary knife roller 14.

The left end finger of the self-rotating knife roll 14 in fig. 1The direction to the right end is taken as the positive direction, and as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the distances between adjacent cutters in the positive direction are consistent. Equally dividing the rotary knife roller 14 into m sections along the positive direction, arranging n cutters in each section, sequencing the cutters in each section in sequence along the positive direction, and sequentially arranging the initial cutters of each section according to the working sequence of the engine with the circumferential phase difference of

m is the number of equally divided sections, and two initial cutters which are arranged according to the sequence of the work done by the engine in turn are not in the adjacent sections, namely the initial cutters of each section are at intervals according to the sequence of the work done by the engine

Are arranged in a staggered and symmetrical way. The cutters in each section are uniformly distributed at equal angles in the circumferential direction of the rotary cutter roller 14, and the circumferential phase difference of adjacent cutters in each section is

n is the number of cutters in each segment.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3 again, the surface of the rotary knife roll 14 is provided with 24 and 36 cutters, respectively, the rotary knife roll 14 is divided into a first section, a second section, a third section, a fourth section, a fifth section and a sixth section along the positive direction, the sections are sequentially arranged into the first section, the fifth section, the third section, the sixth section, the second section and the fourth section according to the engine work order of the initial cutters, and the circumferential phase difference of the arrangement of the initial cutters of each section is 60 °.

The knife tackle comprises a straight knife 9, two L-shaped improved curved knives 10 and a wear-resistant nylon sleeve, and the end surfaces of the straight knife 9 and the L-shaped improved curved knives 10 are of sawtooth structures. The L-shaped improved curved knives 10 and the straight knives 9 are hinged on the knife holder 5 through hinges 15, the straight knives 9 protrude outwards along the radial direction of the rotary knife roller 14, the two L-shaped improved curved knives 10 are respectively arranged at two sides of the straight knives 9 and are respectively bent towards the directions of the fixed knives 6 at the two sides, and wear-resistant nylon sleeves are arranged between the L-shaped improved curved knives 10 and the straight knives 9. Working width, straw knife roller rotating speed and machineThe number of knives having the same forward speed has an optimum value, generally determined by the arrangement density of the knives, i.e.

Wherein C is the arrangement density of the cutters, N is the total number of the cutters, and L is the distribution length of the cutters on the main cutter roll shaft; referring to the design specifications of agricultural machinery design manuals and cutting tools of straw chopping and returning devices, C is generally 0.05-0.07 bundles/mm for straight cutters, 0.02-0.04 bundles/mm for L and L modified cutters, 0.03-0.04 bundles/mm for Y-shaped flail cutters, and 0.01 bundles/mm for T-shaped cutters.

When the straw chopping and returning device works, the power of an engine is transmitted to the belt disc 13 through the transmission system, and then the rotary knife roll 14 is driven, the knife holder 5 and the turbulence part which are welded on the rotary knife roll 14 rotate together with the knife group (composed of the L improved curved knife 10 and the straight knife 9) hinged with the knife holder 5, when the turbulence blade 11 rotates, the front end of the chopping chamber forms negative pressure, after the rice and wheat straws are sucked into the chopping chamber, the L improved curved knife 10 and the straight knife 9 with better cutting capability are symmetrically distributed along the axial direction of the rotary knife roll 14 in a staggered and symmetrical mode under the supporting action of the fixed knife 6 on the inner side of the arc-shaped housing 7, and the chopped straws are chopped by the L improved curved knife 10 with better picking performance and the straight knife 9 with better cutting capability, and when the turbulence blade 11 rotates, the chopped straws are uniformly scattered on the ground under the action. Grass cutters 4 are installed on both sides of the rotary cutter drum 14 to prevent long straws from entering the rotary cutter drum 14 and winding around the rotary shaft 12.

Claims

1. The straw chopping and returning device is characterized by comprising a chopping chamber shell, a rotary knife roller (14) arranged inside the chopping chamber shell, and a plurality of cutters arranged on the surface of the rotary knife roller (14); the direction from one end of the self-rotating knife roll (14) to the other end is recorded as a positive direction, and the distance between adjacent knives in the positive direction is consistent; equally dividing the rotary knife roller (14) into a plurality of sections along the positive direction, wherein the number of cutters arranged in each section is the same, the cutters in each section are sequentially sequenced along the positive direction, and the initial cutters in each section are sequentially sequenced according to the working sequence of the engineArranged with a circumferential phase difference of

Two initial cutters which are arranged according to the sequence of the sequential work done by the engine are not arranged in adjacent sections, wherein m is the number of the equally divided sections;

the cutters in each section are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotary cutter roller (14), and the circumferential phase difference of adjacent cutters in each section is

Wherein n is the number of cutters in each section.

2. The straw chopping and returning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotary knife roll (14) is provided with a plurality of turbulence portions at intervals along the positive direction, and the distance between two adjacent turbulence portions is the same.

3. The straw chopping and returning device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the turbulence portions comprise a plurality of turbulence blades (11) uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating knife roll (14), and the turbulence blades (11) of different turbulence portions are aligned with each other in the axial direction of the rotating knife roll (14).

4. The straw chopping and returning device according to claim 1, wherein the chopping chamber housing comprises an arc-shaped housing (7) and side plates (1) fixed at both ends of the arc-shaped housing (7); a plurality of fixed cutters (6) are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped housing (7) along the positive direction.

5. The straw chopping and returning device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the stationary knife (6) and the cutting knife are spaced from each other in the forward direction.

6. The straw chopping and returning device according to claim 5, wherein the cutter comprises a cutter base (5) and a cutter set mounted on the cutter base (5); the knife tackle comprises a straight knife (9) and two L-shaped improved curved knives (10), wherein the straight knife (9) protrudes outwards in the radial direction of the rotary knife roll (14), and the two L-shaped improved curved knives (10) are respectively arranged on two sides of the straight knife (9) and are bent towards the directions of the fixed knives (6) on the two sides.

7. The straw chopping and returning device according to claim 4, further comprising a driving device, wherein the driving device comprises rolling bearings (2) arranged on the two side plates, a rotating shaft (12) penetrating the rolling bearings (2) and connected to the two ends of the rotating knife roller (14), and a belt disc (13) connected to the outer end of the rotating shaft (12).

8. The straw chopping and returning device according to claim 7, further comprising a grass-cleaning blade (4), wherein the grass-cleaning blade (4) is fixed on the rotating shaft (12) and is positioned between the rotating knife roll (14) and the side plate (1).

9. The straw chopping and returning device according to claim 8, wherein the weed removing blade (4) comprises four blades, which are evenly distributed at 90 ° around the rotation axis.

10. The straw chopping and returning device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the surface of the rotary knife roll (14) is provided with 24 or 36 cutters, the rotary knife roll (14) is divided into a first section, a second section, a third section, a fourth section, a fifth section and a sixth section along the positive direction, and the sections are sequentially arranged into the first section, the fifth section, the third section, the sixth section, the second section and the fourth section according to the work sequence of an engine of an initial cutter; the initial tool arrays of the segments are circumferentially out of phase by 60 °.