CN110997596B - 用于制造耐火产品的批料、制造耐火产品的方法、耐火产品以及合成原材料的用途 - Google Patents
用于制造耐火产品的批料、制造耐火产品的方法、耐火产品以及合成原材料的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110997596B CN110997596B CN201880056286.1A CN201880056286A CN110997596B CN 110997596 B CN110997596 B CN 110997596B CN 201880056286 A CN201880056286 A CN 201880056286A CN 110997596 B CN110997596 B CN 110997596B
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 149
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 70
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 48
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910001691 hercynite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001676 gahnite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 chromite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910015372 FeAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHKWSJBPFXBFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Fe] MHKWSJBPFXBFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZWXOQTHCXRZUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);manganese(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mn+2].[Mn+3].[Mn+3] ZWXOQTHCXRZUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000003834 Triticum spelta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于制造耐火产品的批料、制造耐火产品的方法、耐火产品以及合成原材料的用途。
Description
本发明涉及用于制造耐火产品的批料、制造耐火产品的方法、耐火产品以及合成原材料的用途。
术语“耐火产品”在本发明的意义上既是指耐火陶瓷(即烧结)产品,也是指具有碳结合的耐火产品,其特别是在每种情况下具有大于600℃的使用温度,优选根据DIN 51060:2000-6的耐火材料,即具有大于SK17的测温锥当量(Kegelfallpunkt)的材料。特别可根据DIN EN 993-12: 1997-06进行测温锥当量的测定。
众所周知,“批料”是指可通过温度处理,例如通过用于制造烧结耐火产品的陶瓷烧制而制造耐火产品的由一种或多种组分或原材料形成的组合物。
类似于所有陶瓷产品,耐火产品,特别是耐火陶瓷产品通常也具有高脆性。但是,耐火材料的高脆性会导致该产品的耐火性质变差,特别是例如降低的抗温度变化性。因此由现有技术已知降低耐火产品的脆性以由此改进其抗温度变化性的技术。例如,已知借助并入产品基质中的所谓的增弹剂来降低耐火产品的脆性,并由此改进该产品的抗温度变化性。这些增弹剂的作用模式归因于它们具有与耐火产品的基础组分不同的热膨胀行为,以使得在该产品的陶瓷烧制及其随后冷却的过程中,在增弹剂与基础组分之间出现应力。由此导致在该产品中形成微裂纹,这在产品上受到机械应力时补偿一部分断裂能,由此可降低产品脆性断裂的风险。但是,使用已知增弹剂的缺点在于,由此通常无法将耐火产品的脆性降低到所需程度。另一缺点在于,特别由于增弹剂的给定热膨胀行为,一方面基础组分与另一方面增弹剂之间的热膨胀行为差异是预定的,并因此通常无法将对于形成微裂纹所必需的在增弹剂与基础组分之间的应力调节到所需程度。
本发明的一个目的是提供可用于制造具有低脆性或具有高抗温度变化性的耐火产品的批料。本发明的另一目的是提供具有增弹剂的这种批料,借助所述增弹剂可以降低可由所述批料制成的耐火产品的脆性或可以提高其抗温度变化性。此外,本发明的一个目的是提供具有这种增弹剂的这种批料,借助所述增弹剂可以将可由所述批料制成的耐火产品的脆性降低到所需程度或可以将其抗温度变化性提高到所需程度。
本发明的另一目的是提供具有低脆性或高抗温度变化性的耐火产品。
本发明的另一目的是提供制造这种耐火产品的方法。
根据本发明,通过提供用于制造耐火产品的批料来实现该目的,所述批料包含下列组分:
由至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的基础组分;和
至少一种合成原材料,其具有下列特征:
所述合成原材料由实体(Körper)构成,其中所述实体具有下列特征:
所述实体由烧结在一起的由至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒(Korn)构成,其中所述实体具有基于所述实体的总质量计小于10质量%的粘土矿物比例;
所述实体具有(1):(≥ 1且≤长度):(≥ 3)的(厚度):(宽度):(长度)比。
令人惊讶地,根据本发明已经发现,由烧结在一起的晶粒形成的这种实体在耐火产品中充当增弹剂,借此可以显著降低由这种批料制成的耐火产品中的脆性。耐火产品的脆性的这种降低或其抗温度变化性的改进特别体现为这种产品的显著降低的弹性模量(E-模量)。因此,由包含根据本发明的由烧结实体形成的合成原材料的批料制成的耐火产品,与由相应批料(但不含由烧结实体形成的这种合成原材料)制成的这种耐火产品相比,具有显著降低的E-模量。
尚未最终弄清该实体作为增弹剂的确切作用模式。本发明人推测,由于该实体的个体化几何构造和组成,在包含这种实体的批料的烧制过程中,在实体周围建立局部应力场,这导致由此制成的耐火产品中的微裂纹,这降低产品的脆性。
在这一背景下,产生根据本发明的批料的进一步的基本优点。例如,可以通过实体的微结构和几何构造的个体化调节来调节在耐火产品中由该实体形成的微裂纹的程度。不同于现有技术(其中增弹剂通常由具有预定热膨胀行为的材料形成),因此可以通过该实体的几何构造和/或组成来个体化调节该实体在由根据本发明的批料制成的产品中作为增弹剂的作用程度。
但是,根据本发明还发现,由包含烧结实体的批料制成的耐火产品的耐火性质可能变差,特别是这种产品的高耐火强度可能变差。例如,特别已经发现,当存在该实体的组成以使得它们在产品的相对低使用温度下就已形成熔融相时,这种产品的荷重软化点的值变差。在这方面,根据本发明已发现,该实体应应具有小于10质量%的粘土矿物比例,以使该实体在相对低温度下,即特别在低于1400℃,再更优选1450℃的温度下就已不形成任何量的不利地影响温度耐受性的低熔点相。
在本文中,粘土矿物被理解为特别是铝硅酸盐,尤其是高岭土族的粘土矿物,尤其是高岭石。为了使由根据本发明的批料制成的耐火产品的耐火性质不在其荷重软化点方面变差,在这方面提出,该实体具有小于10质量%的粘土矿物比例,特别优选具有尽可能接近0质量%比例的粘土矿物比例,即更优选小于9,再更优选小于5质量%,再更优选小于3质量%,再更优选小于2,再更优选小于1质量%的粘土矿物比例,在每种情况下基于该实体的总质量计。
根据本发明,已经发现,特别是当该实体含有一定比例的粘土矿物莫来石时,由根据本发明的批料制成的耐火产品的耐火性质在其荷重软化点方面变差。根据本发明,因此优选提出,该实体具有小于7质量%,更优选小于3质量%,再更优选小于1质量%的莫来石比例,在每种情况下基于该实体的总质量计。
也为了使可能在该实体中形成的熔融相的比例保持尽可能低,可以提出,该实体具有基于该实体的总质量计小于30质量%,更优选小于20,再更优选小于10质量%,再更优选小于5质量%,再更优选小于3质量%,再更优选1质量%的SiO2比例。
也为了使该实体中的熔融相比例保持尽可能低,可以提出,该实体具有基于该实体的总质量计小于10质量%,再更优选小于5质量%,再更优选小于3质量%,再更优选小于2,再更优选1质量%的玻璃相比例。
最后,也为了使该实体中的熔融相比例保持尽可能低,可以提出,该实体具有基于该实体的总质量计小于3质量%,再更优选小于2,再更优选小于1质量%的碱总质量,特别是Na2O、K2O和Li2O的总质量。
根据本发明的批料的实体由烧结在一起的由至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒构成。各个实体因此代表独立的烧结实体,其各自由烧结在一起的由一种或多种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒形成。这些烧结实体代表合成原材料,其包含在根据本发明的批料中以降低由其制成的耐火产品的脆性。
基本上,该实体可以由烧结在一起的由至少一种任意耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒形成。优选地,该实体包含烧结在一起的由至少一种下列耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒:氧化镁、尖晶石、刚玉、氧化锆、镁橄榄石、铬矿石、锆刚玉、锆莫来石、钛酸铝、钛酸镁或钛酸钙。根据一个实施方案,该实体包含至少90质量%,更优选至少95%或100质量%的烧结在一起的由上文提到的耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒,在每种情况下基于该实体的总质量计。
氧化镁(MgO)可以至少一种下列原材料的形式存在于该实体中:烧结氧化镁或熔融氧化镁。“尖晶石”是选自尖晶石类的至少一种矿物。特别地,尖晶石可以至少一种下列矿物的形式存在于该实体中:镁氧尖晶石(MgAl2O4)、铁尖晶石(FeAl2O4)、锰尖晶石(MnAl2O4)、铬铁矿(FeCr2O4)、镁铁尖晶石((Mg,Fe)(Al,Fe)2O4)、镁铬矿(MgCr2O4)、黑锰矿(Mn3O4)、磁铁矿(Fe3O4)或锌尖晶石(ZnAl2O4)。刚玉可以至少一种下列原材料的形式存在于该实体中:熔融刚玉、烧结刚玉或煅烧粘土。氧化锆(ZrO2)可以完全或部分稳定化的形式(例如由至少一种下列氧化物稳定化:CaO、MgO或Y2O3)存在于该实体中。
特别地,该实体可包含烧结在一起的由至少一种下列耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒:氧化镁、尖晶石或刚玉,优选镁氧尖晶石、铁尖晶石或刚玉,特别优选镁氧尖晶石、铁尖晶石或烧结刚玉,并且优选在每种情况下含量为至少90质量%,更优选至少95质量%或甚至100质量%,在每种情况下基于该实体的总质量计。
根据上文提到的原材料,该实体可包含至少一种下列矿物相:方镁石(MgO)、镁氧尖晶石、铁尖晶石、锰尖晶石、铬铁矿、镁铁尖晶石、镁铬矿、黑锰矿、磁铁矿或锌尖晶石、刚玉(Al2O3)、氧化锆、镁橄榄石、锆刚玉、锆莫来石、钛酸铝、钛酸镁或钛酸钙。特别地,该实体可包含至少90质量%,更优选至少95,再更优选至少98质量%,再更优选至少99质量%或甚至100质量%的上文提到的矿物相,在每种情况下基于该实体的总质量计。
根据一个优选实施方案,提出该实体包含至少一种下列矿物相:方镁石、镁氧尖晶石、铁尖晶石或刚玉,特别优选镁氧尖晶石、铁尖晶石或刚玉,并且优选在每种情况下含量为至少90质量%,更优选至少95质量%,例如甚至100质量%,在每种情况下基于该实体的总质量计。
该实体具有(1):(≥ 1且≤长度):(≥ 3)的(厚度):(宽度):(长度)比。换言之,该实体的宽度大于或等于该实体的厚度且小于或等于该实体的长度;此外,该实体的长度大于或等于该实体的厚度的三倍。
该实体因此基本具有杆形或片形几何构造。该实体基本具有这样的杆形还是片形几何构造取决于实体的宽度与厚度和长度的比率。如果该实体的宽度等于或仅略大于厚度,该实体基本具有杆形形状。相反,如果该实体的宽度大于,特别是仅略小于或等于长度,该实体基本具有片形形状。
根据一个优选实施方案,该实体具有(1):(1至5):(3至5)的(厚度):(宽度):(长度)比,其中宽度如上所述小于或等于该实体的长度。
根据本发明,已经发现,在根据本发明的厚度:宽度:长度比下,该实体特别是从1mm的长度开始特别有效地发挥它们的增弹作用。本发明人推测,该实体大致从这一长度开始才在该实体周围建立导致耐火产品中的微裂纹的足够的应力场。此外,根据本发明,已经发现,该实体从这一长度开始可有效消除产品中的可能造成产品受损或甚至毁坏的大裂纹,从大约1 mm的长度开始。在这方面,该实体可抑制或甚至防止产品中的可能导致其受损的裂纹扩展。此外,根据本发明,已经发现,该实体从大约30 mm的长度开始在使用该实体来制造耐火产品时容易断裂,以致该实体在批料和由其制成的耐火产品中不再具有指定长度。在这一背景下,根据一个优选实施方案,该实体具有1至30 mm的长度。在这方面,该实体可优选具有最多30 mm,更优选最多25 mm,再更优选最多20 mm,再更优选最多15 mm的长度。此外,该实体可优选具有至少1 mm的长度,更优选至少2 mm,更优选至少3 mm,更优选至少5 mm,更优选至少8 mm,更优选至少10 mm的长度。该实体特别优选具有3至15 mm的长度,非常特别优选5至15 mm的长度。
根据本发明,已经发现,该实体作为增弹剂的作用特别是可取决于它们的长度与基础组分的原材料的晶粒的晶粒直径的比率。根据本发明,在此已经发现,特别是当由至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的基础组分以晶粒形式存在并且该实体具有至少与基础组分的最大晶粒的平均晶粒直径的长度相等的长度时,该实体特别有利地发挥它们作为微裂纹形成剂和因此作为增弹性的作用。换言之,该实体至少具有基础组分的最大晶粒的平均晶粒直径的长度。
基础组分的最大晶粒的平均晶粒直径可特别根据DIN EN ISO 13383-1:2016-11测定。
根据本发明,已经发现,特别是当它们以特定体积比例存在于批料或由其制成的产品中时,该实体以特别有利的方式在耐火产品中发挥它们作为增弹剂的作用。在这方面,可以提出,该实体以基于所述批料的总体积计0.5至30体积%的比例存在于批料中。在这方面,可以提出,该实体以基于所述批料的总体积计至少0.5体积%的体积比例,更优选以至少1体积%,再更优选至少1.5体积%的体积比例,再更优选以至少2体积%的体积比例存在于批料中。还可提出,该实体以基于所述批料的总体积计最多30体积%的体积比例,更优选以最多25体积%,再更优选最多20体积%的体积比例,再更优选以最多15体积%的体积比例存在于批料中。在这方面,该实体可优选以1至20体积%的比例存在于批料中,更优选以1至15体积%的体积比例,再更优选以2至15体积%的体积比例,在每种情况下基于所述批料的总体积计。根据本发明,已经发现,当它们以低于上文提到的质量比例存在于批料或由其制成的产品中时,该实体无法或只能在不足的程度上发挥它们作为增弹剂的作用。根据本发明,还已经发现,当该实体以高于上文提到的比例存在于批料中时,在产品中由该实体造成的微裂纹形成可能太广泛。但是,由于太广泛的微裂纹形成,可使产品的强度变差。
如果在本文中以体积%给出的数值基于所述批料的总体积计,则所述批料的总体积是批料的堆体积(Schüttvolumen)。
基础组分可以基于所述批料的总体积计70至99.5体积%的体积比例存在。在这方面,基础组分可以例如以基于所述批料的总质量计最多99.5体积%的体积,更优选以最多99体积%的质量比例,再更优选以最多98.5体积%的体积比例,再更优选以最多98体积%的体积比例存在于批料中。优选地,基础组分可以80至99体积%的体积比例,更优选以85至99体积%的体积比例,再更优选以85至98体积%的体积比例存在于批料中,在每种情况下基于所述批料的总体积计。
除非在个别情况中另行规定,在本文中给出的关于基于批料的总体积或总质量计的组分的体积比例或质量比例的数值是基于扣除该批料也可能包含的游离碳的可能体积或质量比例的所述批料总体积或总质量计的。游离碳已知特别可以石墨、炭黑或类似碳载体的形式存在。
可以提出,该实体和基础组分合计为100质量%,即批料的总质量。因此,在这一实施方案中,批料没有除基础组分和该实体外的其它组分 – 可能比例的游离碳除外。
根据一个实施方案提出,批料除基础组分和该实体外还具有基于所述批料的总体积计小于10体积%,更优选小于9体积%,再更优选小于5体积%,再更优选小于1体积%的体积比例的其它组分。
如果批料用于制造烧结耐火陶瓷产品,特别可提出,该批料具有基于扣除游离碳的批料总质量计小于10质量%,更优选小于5质量%,再更优选小于1质量%的游离碳比例。
如果批料用于制造烧结耐火陶瓷产品,可以相应地提出,该实体和基础组分合计为至少90质量%,更优选95质量%,再更优选至少99质量%,在每种情况下基于批料的总质量计。
如果批料用于制造碳结合耐火产品或用于制造具有混合结合(即具有陶瓷结合和碳结合)的耐火产品,特别可提出,该批料具有基于扣除游离碳的批料总质量计最多30质量%的游离碳比例,优选1至30质量%的比例,更优选3至30质量%的比例。
如果批料用于制造碳结合耐火产品或用于制造具有混合结合的耐火产品,可以提出,该实体、基础组分和游离碳合计为至少90质量%,更优选95质量%,再更优选至少99质量%,在每种情况下基于批料的总质量计。
根据本发明,基础组分可包含至少一种下列耐火陶瓷原材料:氧化镁、白云石熟料(Doloma)、尖晶石(特别是镁氧尖晶石)、刚玉、镁橄榄石、铬铁矿、铬刚玉、氧化镁-铬铁矿或莫来石,并且优选含量为至少90质量%,更优选至少95质量%,再更优选至少99质量%或甚至100质量%,在每种情况下基于基础组分的总质量计。
优选地,特别可提出,基础组分包含这样的原材料:由于该原材料,由根据本发明的批料制成的耐火陶瓷产品高度耐火。在这方面,特别可提出,基础组分不包含原材料镁橄榄石和/或莫来石,或仅在小程度上包含它们。在这方面,基础组分可优选还包含至少一种下列耐火陶瓷原材料:氧化镁、白云石熟料、尖晶石(尤其是镁氧尖晶石)、刚玉、铬铁矿、铬刚玉或氧化镁-铬铁矿,更优选氧化镁、白云石熟料、镁氧尖晶石或刚玉,更优选氧化镁,再更优选烧结氧化镁,并且优选在每种情况下含量为至少90质量%,再更优选至少95质量%,再更优选至少98质量%,再更优选至少99质量%或甚至100质量%,在每种情况下基于基础组分的总质量计。
如果基础组分以氧化镁的形式存在,其可以至少一种下列原材料的形式存在:烧结氧化镁或熔融氧化镁。如果基础组分以白云石熟料的形式存在,其可以例如以至少一种下列原材料的形式存在:烧结白云石熟料或熔融白云石熟料。如果基础组分以刚玉的形式存在,其可以至少一种下列原材料的形式存在:熔融刚玉、烧结刚玉或煅烧粘土。
可以提出,基础组分仅由基础原材料,即基于MgO的原材料,即特别是至少一种下列耐火陶瓷原材料构成:氧化镁、白云石熟料、尖晶石(尤其是镁氧尖晶石)或镁橄榄石。
可以提出,基础组分由基于基础组分的总质量计至少50质量%,更优选至少60质量%,再更优选至少70质量%,再更优选至少80质量%,再更优选至少90质量%的MgO构成。
基础组分或基础组分的原材料优选以颗粒形式,即以晶粒形式存在。这些晶粒尤其是单个,即没有烧结在一起的晶粒。
优选提出,基础组分的晶粒具有最大晶粒直径,即具有最多10 mm的平均晶粒直径的晶粒。构成基础组分的原材料的最大晶粒的平均晶粒直径根据一个实施方案为最多10mm,更优选最多8 mm,再更优选最多6 mm,再更优选最多5 mm。根据DIN EN 623-3:2003测定最大晶粒的平均晶粒直径。
类似于各种耐火产品,根据本发明的批料的实体也具有特定微结构。
此外,根据本发明的批料的基础组分 - 通过烧制根据本发明的批料 - 也形成特定微结构。
根据本发明,术语“微结构”在这一术语在陶瓷领域中的通常定义的意义上被理解为既是指相的类型和量,也是指它们的尺寸、形状、取向和在陶瓷产品中的分布。
根据本发明,优选提出,基础组分以及该实体以这样的方式存在于批料中,以使得在由该批料通过烧制制成的耐火产品中,一方面由基础组分形成的产品区域和另一方面由该实体形成的产品区域在它们各自的微结构方面不同。换言之:在通过烧制根据本发明的批料制成的耐火产品中,由基础组分形成的区域的微结构不同于由该实体形成的区域。
根据本发明,已经发现,不仅该实体的几何构造可影响它们作为增弹剂的效用,而且它们的微结构也如此。在此已经发现,该实体的微结构与由基础组分形成的区域的微结构相差越大,该实体在由根据本发明的批料制成的耐火产品中形成越多微裂纹,即它们越充当增弹剂。因此,可以提出,该实体的微结构不同于由基础组分在根据本发明的批料烧制后在由此制成的耐火产品中形成的微结构。为了实现这一点,技术人员从现有技术中可获得许多可能性。特别地,技术人员已知,根据用于形成微结构的原材料的类型和性质,即特别是所用原材料的类型、它们各自的质量比例和它们各自的晶粒度而形成耐火产品的微结构。
本发明的主题还是制造耐火产品的方法,其包含下列特征:
提供根据本发明的批料;
将所述批料烧制成耐火产品。
为根据本发明的方法提供的根据本发明的批料可以例如在混合装置,如强制式混合机中混合。由此能将该实体以及基础组分的原材料密切混合,以使该实体无规和均匀分布在批料的体积中和因此也在可由批料制成的耐火产品的体积中。在批料混合之前和/或过程中,可将常规粘合剂,特别是生坯粘合剂,如木质素磺酸盐添加到批料中。这种生坯粘合剂特别可用于为由批料形成的生坯体提供生坯强度。
任选混合的批料可以例如通过压制成型为成型体,所谓的生坯体。
生坯体可以例如在干燥单元中,例如在干燥炉中干燥。
任选成型为生坯体和任选干燥的批料可随后烧制成耐火产品。特别地,可在炉中进行烧制。
如果根据本发明的批料用于制造耐火陶瓷产品,该烧制作为烧结烧制进行,其中将批料的组分烧结在一起。可以在适用于烧结批料组分的温度下进行批料的烧制。根据批料组分的类型和性质,选择这些温度。例如,可以在1400至1600℃的温度下进行烧制。
如果根据本发明的批料用于制造碳结合耐火产品,进行烧制,以使批料的碳形成碳结合,其将批料组分结合在一起。可以在适用于形成所述碳结合的温度下进行批料的烧制。根据批料组分的类型和性质,选择这些温度。例如,可以在1400至1600℃的温度下在还原气氛中进行烧制。
在烧制批料后,使批料冷却。在冷却后,获得耐火产品。
本发明的主题还是耐火产品,其特别可通过根据本发明的方法制成并包含下列特征:
第一区域,其由结合在一起的由至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒构成;和
第二区域,其中所述第二区域具有下列特征:
第二区域由烧结在一起的由至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒构成,其中第二区域具有基于第二区域的总质量计小于10质量%的粘土矿物比例;
第二区域具有(1):(≥ 1且≤长度):(≥ 3)的(厚度):(宽度):(长度)比;
第二区域无序排列在第一区域中;
一方面第一区域和另一方面第二区域在它们各自的微结构方面不同。
如果由根据本发明的批料通过根据本发明的方法制造耐火产品,第一区域由基础组分通过烧制形成,且第二区域由该实体通过烧制形成。
如果该产品作为耐火陶瓷产品存在,第一区域的晶粒经由烧结结合而结合在一起,或第一区域由烧结在一起的由至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒构成。如果该产品作为碳结合耐火产品存在,第一区域的晶粒通过碳结合而结合在一起,或第一区域由通过碳结合结合在一起的由至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒构成。
在烧制过程中,第一区域因此形成基质,该实体作为耐火产品的第二区域嵌在其中。特别地,第二区域像岛一样嵌在由基础组分形成的基质中,即以彼此分离的小区域的形式。
在此,耐火产品中的第二区域发挥它们作为增弹剂的上述作用,这表现为耐火产品的明显低的弹性模量。
但是,根据本发明还发现,包含具有不同微结构的这种第二区域的耐火陶瓷产品的耐火性质可能变差,特别是这种产品的高耐火强度可能变差。例如,特别已经发现,当存在该区域的组成以使得它们在产品的相对低使用温度下就已形成熔融相时,这种产品的荷重软化点的值变差。在这方面,根据本发明已经发现,第二区域应具有小于10质量%的粘土矿物比例,以使第二区域在相对低温度下,即特别在低于1400℃或更优选低于1450℃的温度下就已不形成这种量的不利地影响产品的温度耐受性的低熔点相。
根据本发明的耐火陶瓷产品优选具有≥1400℃,更优选≥1450℃,再更优选≥1500℃的荷重软化点T0.5的值。根据DIN EN ISO 1893:2008-09测定荷重软化点的值。
在本文中,粘土矿物被理解为特别是铝硅酸盐,尤其是高岭土族的粘土矿物,尤其是高岭石。为了使根据本发明的耐火陶瓷产品的耐火性质不在其荷重软化点方面变差,在这方面提出,第二区域具有小于10质量%的粘土矿物比例,特别优选具有尽可能接近0质量%比例,即更优选小于9,再更优选小于5质量%,再更优选小于3质量%,再更优选小于2质量%,再更优选小于1质量%的粘土矿物比例,在每种情况下基于第二区域的总质量计。
根据本发明,已经发现,特别是当第二区域含有一定比例的粘土矿物莫来石时,根据本发明的耐火陶瓷产品的耐火性质在其荷重软化点方面变差。根据本发明,因此优选提出,第二区域具有小于7质量%,更优选小于3质量%,再更优选小于1质量%的莫来石比例,在每种情况下基于第二区域的总质量计。
同样地,为了使可能在第二区域中形成的熔融相的比例保持尽可能低,可以提出,第二区域各自具有基于第二区域的总质量计小于30质量%,特别是甚至小于20,更优选小于10质量%,再更优选小于5质量%,再更优选小于3质量%,再更优选小于1质量%的SiO2比例。
也为了使第二区域中的熔融相比例保持尽可能低,可以提出,第二区域具有基于第二区域的总质量计小于10质量%,更优选小于5质量%,再更优选小于3质量%,再更优选小于1质量%的玻璃相比例。
最后,也为了使第二区域中的熔融相比例保持尽可能低,可以提出,第二区域具有基于第二区域的总质量计小于3质量%,更优选小于2质量%,再更优选小于1质量%的碱总质量,特别是Na2O、K2O和Li2O的总质量。
根据本发明的产品的第二区域由烧结在一起的由至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒构成。
基本上,第二区域可由烧结在一起的由任意耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒形成。第二区域优选由至少一种下列耐火陶瓷原材料构成:氧化镁、尖晶石、刚玉、氧化锆、镁橄榄石、铬矿石、锆刚玉、锆莫来石、钛酸铝、钛酸镁或钛酸钙,并且优选含量为至少90质量%,更优选至少95%或甚至100质量%,在每种情况下基于第二区域的总质量计。
氧化镁(MgO)可以至少一种下列原材料的形式存在于第二区域中:烧结氧化镁或熔融氧化镁。尖晶石是选自尖晶石类的至少一种矿物。特别地,尖晶石可以至少一种下列矿物的形式存在:镁氧尖晶石(MgAl2O4)、铁尖晶石(FeAl2O4)、锰尖晶石(MnAl2O4)、铬铁矿(FeCr2O4)、镁铁尖晶石((Mg,Fe)(Al,Fe)2O4)、镁铬矿(MgCr2O4)、黑锰矿(Mn3O4)、磁铁矿(Fe3O4)或锌尖晶石(ZnAl2O4)。刚玉可以至少一种下列原材料的形式存在:熔融刚玉、烧结刚玉或煅烧粘土。氧化锆(ZrO2)可以完全或部分稳定化的形式(例如由至少一种下列氧化物稳定化:CaO、MgO或Y2O3)存在。
特别地,第二区域可由烧结在一起的由至少一种下列耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒构成:氧化镁、尖晶石或刚玉,优选镁氧尖晶石、铁尖晶石或刚玉,特别优选镁氧尖晶石、铁尖晶石或烧结刚玉,并且优选在每种情况下含量为至少90质量%,更优选至少95质量%或甚至100质量%,在每种情况下基于第二区域的总质量计。
根据上文提到的原材料,第二区域可包含至少一种下列矿物相:方镁石(MgO)、镁氧尖晶石、铁尖晶石、锰尖晶石、铬铁矿、镁铁尖晶石、镁铬矿、黑锰矿、磁铁矿或锌尖晶石、刚玉(Al2O3)、氧化锆、镁橄榄石、锆刚玉、锆莫来石、钛酸铝、钛酸镁或钛酸钙。特别地,第二区域可包含至少90质量%,更优选至少95质量%,再更优选至少98质量%,再更优选至少99质量%或甚至100质量%的上文提到的矿物相,在每种情况下基于第二区域的总质量计。
根据一个优选实施方案,提出第二区域包含至少一种下列矿物相:方镁石、镁氧尖晶石、铁尖晶石或刚玉,特别优选镁氧尖晶石、铁尖晶石或刚玉,并且优选在每种情况下含量为至少90质量%,再更优选至少95质量%,例如甚至100质量%,在每种情况下基于第二区域的总质量计。
第二区域具有(1):(≥ 1且≤长度):(≥ 3)的(厚度):(宽度):(长度)比。换言之,第二区域的宽度大于或等于第二区域的厚度且小于或等于第二区域的长度;此外,第二区域的长度大于或等于第二区域的厚度的三倍。
第二区域因此基本具有杆形或片形几何构造。第二区域基本具有这样的杆形还是片形几何构造取决于第二区域的宽度与厚度和长度的比率。如果各自的第二区域的宽度等于或仅略大于厚度,该第二区域基本具有杆形形状。相反,如果第二区域的宽度大于,特别仅略小于或等于长度,第二区域基本具有片形形状。
根据一个优选实施方案,第二区域具有(1):(1至5):(3至5)的(厚度):(宽度):(长度)比,其中如上文解释,宽度小于或等于第二区域的长度。
如上文联系批料的实体相应解释,已经发现,第二区域从大约1 mm的长度开始可以特别有效地发挥它们的增弹作用和它们抑制产品中的裂纹扩展的作用。根据本发明,还已经发现,第二区域从大约30 mm的长度开始可能容易断裂。在这一背景下,第二区域根据一个优选实施方案具有1至30 mm的长度。在这方面,第二区域可优选具有最多30 mm,更优选最多25 mm,再更优选最多20 mm,再更优选最多15 mm的长度。此外,第二区域可优选具有至少1 mm的长度,更优选至少2 mm,更优选至少3 mm,更优选至少5 mm,更优选至少8 mm,更优选至少10 mm的长度。特别优选地,第二区域具有3至15 mm的长度,再更优选5至15 mm的长度。
根据本发明,已经发现,第二区域作为增弹剂的作用可能特别取决于它们的长度与第一区域的原材料的晶粒的晶粒直径的比率。根据本发明,在此已经发现,当由至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的第一区域以烧结在一起的晶粒形式存在且第二区域具有至少与第一区域的最大晶粒的平均晶粒直径的长度相等的长度时,第二区域特别有利地发挥它们作为微裂纹形成剂和因此作为增弹性的作用。换言之,第二区域各自至少具有第一区域的最大晶粒的平均晶粒直径的长度。
第一区域的最大晶粒的平均晶粒直径可特别根据DIN EN 623-3:2003测定。
根据本发明,已经发现,特别是当它们以特定体积比例存在于产品中时,第二区域以特别有利的方式在耐火产品中发挥它们作为增弹剂的作用。在这方面,可以提出,第二区域以基于所述产品的总体积计0.5至30体积%的体积存在于产品中。在这方面,可以提出,第二区域以基于所述产品的总体积计至少0.5体积%的体积比例,更优选以至少1体积%,再更优选至少1.5体积%,再更优选至少2体积%的体积比例存在于批料中。还可提出,第二区域以基于所述产品的总体积计最多30体积%的体积比例,更优选最多25体积%的体积比例,再更优选最多20体积%的体积比例,再更优选最多15体积%的体积比例存在于产品中。在这方面,第二区域可优选以1至20体积%的比例,更优选1至15体积%的体积比例,再更优选2至15体积%的体积比例存在于产品中,在每种情况下基于所述产品的总体积计。根据本发明,已经发现,当它们以低于上文提到的体积比例存在于耐火产品中时,第二区域无法或只能在不足的程度上发挥其作为增弹剂的作用。根据本发明,还已经发现,当第二区域以高于上文提到的比例存在于产品中时,在产品中由第二区域造成的微裂纹形成可能太广泛。但是,由于太广泛的微裂纹形成,可使产品的强度变差。
第一区域可以基于耐火产品的总体积计70至99.5体积%的体积比例存在于耐火陶瓷产品中。在这方面,第一区域可以例如以基于耐火陶瓷产品的总体积计最多99.5体积%的质量比例,更优选以最多99体积%的体积比例,再更优选以最多98.5体积%的体积比例,再更优选以最多98体积%的体积比例存在于耐火陶瓷产品中。优选地,第一区域可以80至99体积%的体积比例,更优选以85至99体积%的体积比例,再更优选以85至98体积%的体积比例存在于耐火陶瓷产品中,在每种情况下基于耐火陶瓷产品的总体积计。
除非在个别情况中另行规定,在本文中给出的关于基于产品总体积或总质量计的区域或相的体积比例或质量比例的数值是基于扣除碳结合产品形式的根据本发明的产品特别也可包含的游离碳的可能体积或质量比例的所述产品总体积或总质量计的。游离碳在上述意义上包括焦化碳和通过碳结合而结合存在的碳。
可以提出,第一区域和第二区域合计为100质量%,即耐火陶瓷产品的总质量。根据这一实施方案,耐火陶瓷产品因此没有除第一区域和第二区域外的其它区域或相 - 可能比例的游离碳除外。
根据一个实施方案,提出该耐火陶瓷产品除第一区域和第二区域外还具有基于耐火陶瓷产品的总体积计小于10体积%,更优选小于9体积%,再更优选小于5体积%,再更优选小于1体积%的体积比例的其它区域或相。
如果耐火产品以烧结耐火陶瓷产品的形式存在,特别可提出,该耐火陶瓷产品具有基于扣除游离碳的耐火陶瓷产品总质量计小于10质量%,更优选5质量%,再更优选小于1质量%的游离碳比例。
如果耐火产品以碳结合耐火产品的形式或具有混合结合(即具有陶瓷结合和碳结合)的耐火产品的形式存在,特别可提出,该批料含有基于扣除游离碳的产品总质量计最多30质量%的游离碳比例,优选1至30质量%,更优选3至30质量%的比例。
优选地,第一区域包含烧结在一起的由至少一种下列耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒:氧化镁、白云石熟料、尖晶石(特别是镁氧尖晶石)、刚玉、镁橄榄石、铬铁矿、铬刚玉、氧化镁-铬铁矿或莫来石,并且优选含量为至少90质量%,更优选至少95,再更优选至少99质量%或甚至100质量%,在每种情况下基于第一区域的总质量计。
优选地,特别可提出,第一区域包含烧结在一起的这种原材料的晶粒:由于该晶粒,根据本发明的耐火陶瓷产品高度耐火。在这方面,特别可提出,第一区域不包含或仅在小程度上包含烧结在一起的下列原材料的晶粒:镁橄榄石和/或莫来石。在这方面,第一区域可优选还包含烧结在一起的由至少一种下列耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒:氧化镁、白云石熟料、尖晶石(特别是镁氧尖晶石)、刚玉、铬铁矿、铬刚玉或氧化镁-铬铁矿,特别优选氧化镁、白云石熟料、镁氧尖晶石或刚玉,特别特别优选氧化镁,非常特别优选烧结氧化镁,并且优选在每种情况下含量为至少90质量%,更优选至少95质量%,再更优选至少98质量%,再更优选至少99质量%或甚至100质量%,在每种情况下基于第一区域的总质量计。
根据上述原材料,第一区域可包含至少一种下列矿物相:方镁石、尖晶石(特别是镁氧尖晶石)、刚玉、镁橄榄石或镁铬矿,优选至少一种下列矿物相:方镁石、尖晶石(特别是镁氧尖晶石)或刚玉,特别是方镁石,并且优选在每种情况下含量为至少90质量%,更优选至少95质量%,再更优选至少98质量%,再更优选至少99质量%或甚至100质量%,在每种情况下基于第一区域的总质量计。
优选提出,第一区域的晶粒具有10 mm的最大晶粒直径。构成第一区域的原材料的最大烧结晶粒的最大晶粒直径根据一个实施方案为最多10 mm,更优选最多8 mm,再更优选最多6 mm,再更优选最多5 mm。根据DIN EN 623-3:2003测定最大晶粒的平均晶粒直径。
根据本发明提出,一方面第一区域和另一方面第二区域在它们各自的微结构方面彼此不同。换言之:在耐火陶瓷产品中,第一区域的微结构不同于第二区域。
根据本发明,已经发现,第二区域在产品中的排列对第二区域在产品中的效用特别重要。例如已经发现,如果它们无序排列在由第一区域形成的基质中,第二区域可特别有效地降低产品的脆性。第二区域因此无序(即无规或没有一致取向)分布在产品的体积中。此时在这种情况下,它们可均匀地在产品的体积中建立应力场并因此产生微裂纹,由其降低产品的脆性和提高其弹性。根据本发明,在这方面已经发现,第二区域在任何情况下绝不能在产品中在很大程度上或完全一致取向,即例如主要朝同一方向取向,因为在这种情况下可在产品中建立可造成产品受损或甚至毁坏的应力场。
如果通过根据本发明的批料制造产品,特别可通过在制造产品时将批料的组分互相混合,特别是密切地互相混合来改进第二区域在产品中的无规性。
本发明的主题还是如上所述的由实体形成的合成原材料在用于制造耐火产品的批料中用于降低可由该批料制成的耐火产品的弹性模量的用途。
特别地,所述用途可以在此通过根据本发明的方法的措施来进行。
本发明的进一步特征源自权利要求书以及源自下述本发明的实施例。
本文中公开的本发明的所有特征可单独或结合地互相组合。
实施例
制造四个根据本发明的批料,其各自具有由烧结氧化镁形式的耐火陶瓷原材料形成的基础组分以及合成原材料。
基础组分的烧结氧化镁以下列晶粒度分布存在,基于该烧结氧化镁计:
1至5 mm: 50质量%
0.1至<1mm: 20质量%
< 0.1 mm: 30质量%
此外,烧结氧化镁具有基于该烧结氧化镁计的下列化学组成:
MgO: 96.4质量%
CaO: 2.0质量%
SiO2: 0.7质量%
Fe2O3: 0.1质量%
余量: 0.8质量%
合成原材料由片形实体或杆形实体构成,其各自由烧结刚玉的烧结在一起的晶粒形成。片形实体和杆形实体中的矿物相刚玉(Al2O3)的比例各自> 99.8质量%。片形实体具有各为大约3至10 mm的长度和宽度和大约1 mm的厚度。杆形实体具有各为大约1 mm的厚度和宽度和大约8 mm的长度。
由这些组分制造在下表1中标作V1至V4的四个批料,其各自的组成列在表1中。
为了比较,制造另外两个不根据本发明的批料。一方面,这些批料也具有根据本发明的实施例的批料也具有的烧结氧化镁。但是,所述不根据本发明的批料不具有根据本发明的批料的合成原材料之一,而是具有高级刚玉(Edelkorund)形式的另一原材料,其具有0.5至1 mm的晶粒度和基于该高级刚玉计99.8质量%的Al2O3比例。下表1中标作V5和V6的这些不根据本发明的批料的组成也列在表1中。
组分 | V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | V5 | V6 |
烧结氧化镁 | 96 | 96 | 98 | 98 | 96 | 99 |
高级刚玉 | 4 | 1 | ||||
片形实体 | 4 | 2 | ||||
杆形实体 | 4 | 2 |
表1
表1中的批料实施例V1至V6的数值各自是基于各自批料的总体积计的体积%数值。
批料V1至V6根据本发明的方法进行处理。为此,首先在混合机中混合批料V1至V6。在混合过程中,批料V1至V6各自与木质素磺酸盐形式的生坯粘合剂混合。在此,粘合剂各自以基于扣除粘合剂的批料总质量计3.9%的质量比例添加到批料V1至V6中。
然后在压机中在130 MPa压制压力下将批料V1至V6成型为生坯体,然后在干燥机中在120℃的温度下干燥24小时。
将干燥的生坯体最终烧制成耐火陶瓷产品。所述烧制在炉中在1600℃的温度下进行6小时的时间。在此,批料V1至V6各自的组分烧结成耐火陶瓷产品。
通过烧制批料V1至V4而获得的烧结耐火陶瓷产品各自具有由烧结在一起的基础组分的烧结氧化镁晶粒形成的第一区域。此外,由批料V1和V3制成的产品各自具有由各自的批料V1和V3的片形实体形成的第二区域。相应地,由批料V2和V4制成的产品各自具有由各自的批料V2和V4的杆形实体形成的第二区域。在此,由烧结氧化镁形成的第一区域各自形成该产品的基质,第二区域各自像岛一样嵌在其中。第二区域的微结构由烧结在一起的熔融刚玉晶粒的各自内部区域和包围熔融刚玉晶粒内部区域的镁氧尖晶石边缘区域形成。第二区域的这一镁氧尖晶石边缘区域在烧制过程中由一方面片形和杆形实体的熔融刚玉和另一方面基础组分的烧结氧化镁形成。来自批料V1和V3的产品中的第二区域的几何构造对应于片形实体的几何构造,且来自批料V2和V4的产品中的第二区域的几何构造对应于杆形实体的几何构造。
由于批料V1至V4的混合,片形和杆形实体各自均匀和无规分布在批料V1至V4的体积中,因此使第二区域在各自的耐火陶瓷产品中各自均匀且无序地排列在由第一区域形成的基质中。
第一区域在产品中各自形成烧结在一起的烧结氧化镁的晶粒的微结构。第一区域各自主要由矿物相方镁石构成。因此,第一区域的微结构和第二区域的微结构各自明显彼此不同,并且尤其是在各自的矿物相方镁石和刚玉/镁氧尖晶石方面。
由于它们的特殊几何构造和它们的不同于第一区域的微结构,第二区域各自充当产品中的增弹剂。通过耐火陶瓷产品的显著降低的弹性模量,可以证实这一增弹作用。
通过烧制批料V5和V6而获得的烧结耐火陶瓷产品各自具有由烧结在一起的烧结氧化镁晶粒形成的第一区域,镁氧尖晶石区域嵌在其中。这种镁氧尖晶石在陶瓷烧制过程中由烧结氧化镁和高级刚玉形成。这种镁氧尖晶石在产品中充当如现有技术中已知的增弹剂。
为了可以测定由批料V1至V6制成的耐火陶瓷产品的脆性,测定由批料V1至V6制成的耐火陶瓷产品的弹性模量(E-模量)。在此根据ASTM C 1419-99a(重新批准2009)由声波飞渡时间(Schalllaufzeit)测定E-模量。
下表2显示此后获得的这些测量的结果,其中由根据本发明的批料V1至V4制成的耐火陶瓷产品被标作V1至V4,且由根据现有技术的批料V5和V6制成的耐火陶瓷产品被标作V5和V6。
产品 | E-模量 [kN/mm<sup>2</sup>] |
V1 | 17 |
V2 | 26 |
V3 | 33 |
V4 | 35 |
V5 | 52 |
V6 | 65 |
表2
从表2中给出的值可以看出,通过根据本发明将批料V1至V4中的由刚玉的烧结晶粒的实体形成的合成原材料用于由所述批料制成的耐火陶瓷产品中,可以使得与由对比批料制成的这种产品中的E-模量相比显著降低E-模量,其中对比批料与批料V1至V4的区别仅在于对比批料具有高级刚玉代替所述实体。
Claims (14)
1.用于制造耐火产品的批料,其包含下列组分:
1.1 由至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的基础组分,该基础组分由至少80质量%的MgO构成;和
1.2 至少一种合成原材料,其具有下列特征:
1.2.1 所述合成原材料由实体构成,其中所述实体具有下列特征:
1.2.1.1 所述实体由烧结在一起的由至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒构成,其中
1.2.1.2. 所述实体具有基于所述实体的总质量计小于10质量%的粘土矿物比例;
1.2.2 所述实体具有(1):(≥ 1且≤长度):(≥ 3)的(厚度):(宽度):(长度)比。
2.根据权利要求1的批料,其中所述实体包含烧结在一起的由至少一种下列耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒:氧化镁、尖晶石、刚玉、氧化锆、镁橄榄石、铬矿石、锆刚玉、锆莫来石、钛酸铝、钛酸镁或钛酸钙。
3.根据权利要求1或2的批料,其中所述实体具有1至30 mm的长度。
4.根据权利要求1或2的批料,其中所述基础组分的所述至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料以晶粒形式存在,并且其中所述实体具有至少与所述基础组分的最大晶粒的平均晶粒直径的长度相等的长度。
5.根据权利要求1或2的批料,其中所述实体以基于所述批料的总体积计0.5至30体积%的体积存在于批料中。
6.根据权利要求1或2的批料,其中所述基础组分以基于所述批料的总体积计70至99.5体积%的体积比例存在于批料中。
7.根据权利要求1或2的批料,其中所述基础组分以及所述实体以这样的方式存在于批料中,以使得在由所述批料通过陶瓷烧制制成的耐火产品中,一方面由所述基础组分形成的产品区域和另一方面由所述实体形成的产品区域在它们各自的微结构方面不同。
8.制造耐火产品的方法,其包含下列特征:
8.1 提供根据权利要求1至7任一项的批料;
8.2 将所述批料烧制成耐火产品。
9.耐火产品,其包含下列特征:
9.1 第一区域,其由结合在一起的、至少90质量%由至少一种下列的耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒构成:氧化镁、白云石熟料、镁氧尖晶石或者氧化镁-铬铁矿;和
9.2 第二区域,其中所述第二区域具有下列特征:
9.2.1 第二区域由烧结在一起的由至少一种耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒构成,其中
9.2.2 第二区域具有基于第二区域的总质量计小于10质量%的粘土矿物比例;
9.2.3 第二区域具有(1):(≥ 1且≤长度):(≥ 3)的(厚度):(宽度):(长度)比;
9.3第二区域无序排列在第一区域中;
9.4 一方面第一区域和另一方面第二区域在它们各自的微结构方面不同。
10.根据权利要求9的产品,其中第二区域包含烧结在一起的由至少一种下列耐火陶瓷原材料形成的晶粒:氧化镁、尖晶石、刚玉、氧化锆、镁橄榄石、铬矿石、锆刚玉、锆莫来石、钛酸铝、钛酸镁或钛酸钙。
11.根据权利要求9或10的产品,其中第二区域具有1至30 mm的长度。
12.根据权利要求9或10的产品,其中第二区域具有至少与第一区域的最大晶粒的平均晶粒直径的长度相等的长度。
13.根据权利要求9或10的产品,其中第二区域以基于所述产品的总体积计0.5至30体积%的体积比例存在。
14.根据权利要求9或10的产品,其中第一区域以基于所述产品的总体积计70至99.5体积%的体积比例存在于所述产品中。
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CN111348905A (zh) * | 2019-07-08 | 2020-06-30 | 营口石兴耐火材料科技有限公司 | 一种氧化镁微粉增强铝锆碳质滑板及其制备方法 |
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