CN110988906A - Terahertz intensity correlation detection device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a terahertz intensity correlation detection device which comprises a terahertz transceiving unit, a spatial modulator and a control unit; the terahertz receiving and transmitting unit is used for generating terahertz signals and local oscillator signals, the terahertz signals are output through the transmitting port and focused and then irradiate a target object, and generated target reflected light is focused and then irradiates the spatial modulator; the spatial modulator is used for modulating the target emission light according to a modulation instruction sent by the control unit, and a generated random echo signal enters the terahertz transceiving unit through the receiving port after being collimated; the terahertz receiving and transmitting unit mixes the random echo signal with a local oscillator signal to generate an electromagnetic signal; the control unit is used for carrying out image reconstruction on the electromagnetic signals by utilizing a compressed sensing image reconstruction algorithm to realize terahertz imaging; the spatial light modulator is used for presetting the light field intensity on the reference arm, and single-arm correlation imaging is realized, so that real-time measurement of the reference arm on the light field is omitted, and an imaging light path is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of terahertz imaging, and particularly relates to a terahertz intensity correlation detection device.
Background
Terahertz is an electromagnetic wave between microwave and infrared, is called as one of ten technologies for changing the future world, has great scientific value and wide application prospect in aspects of object imaging, medical diagnosis, radio astronomy and the like, and is a high technological control point which is preempted by countries in the world. Currently, generally used terahertz imaging is scanning imaging and array detection imaging, but mechanical scanning in scanning imaging can reduce sampling rate, and array detection imaging has the defects of high complexity, high cost and the like. For example, microbolometer arrays are not very sensitive to terahertz radiation, so a high power terahertz source is required.
Related imaging, also known as ghost imaging, is a new imaging technique that has been developed in the last 10 years; different from the traditional imaging mode, the method realizes the non-local imaging of the object; the non-local imaging means that an image is represented on an optical path not including an object by a certain means.
The existing terahertz correlated imaging device generally comprises two light paths, namely a detection arm and a reference arm, wherein the detection arm needs to detect the intensity distribution information of a light field of a light source on the reference arm in real time while detecting an object signal, so that the imaging light path is complex, and the detection efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at least one defect or improvement requirement in the prior art, the invention provides a terahertz intensity correlation detection device, which utilizes a spatial light modulator to preset the intensity of a light field on a reference arm and realizes single-arm correlation imaging, thereby omitting the real-time measurement of the reference arm on the light field, simplifying an imaging light path and only adopting a single-pixel detector to image an object.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a terahertz intensity correlation detection apparatus, including a terahertz transceiving unit, a spatial modulator, and a control unit;
the terahertz receiving and transmitting unit is used for generating terahertz signals and local oscillator signals, the terahertz signals are output through the transmitting port and focused and then irradiate a target object, and generated target reflected light is focused and then irradiates the spatial modulator;
the spatial modulator is used for modulating the target emission light according to a modulation instruction sent by the control unit, and a generated random echo signal enters the terahertz transceiving unit through the receiving port after being collimated; the terahertz receiving and transmitting unit mixes the random echo signal with a local oscillator signal to generate an electromagnetic signal;
the control unit is used for carrying out image reconstruction on the electromagnetic signals by utilizing a compressed sensing image reconstruction algorithm to realize terahertz imaging.
Preferably, the terahertz intensity correlation detection device further includes a data acquisition unit;
the input end of the data acquisition unit is connected with the terahertz transceiving unit through the SMA interface so as to acquire electromagnetic signals generated in the terahertz transceiving unit, and the electromagnetic signals are converted into random matrixes and then are sent to the control unit.
Preferably, in the terahertz intensity correlation detection device, the terahertz transceiver unit includes a signal generator, a frequency doubling module, a synthesized signal source, a mixer, and a detector;
the frequency doubling module is used for amplifying the radio-frequency signal output by the signal generator according to the frequency doubling parameter output by the synthetic signal source to obtain a terahertz signal and a local oscillator signal of a preset frequency band;
the frequency mixer is used for mixing the local oscillation signal with a random echo signal received by a receiving port to generate an electromagnetic signal;
the detector is used for acquiring the electromagnetic signals.
Preferably, in the terahertz intensity correlation detection apparatus, the frequency doubling module includes a first amplifying circuit and a second amplifying circuit;
the first amplification circuit comprises a quadrupler, a waveguide amplifier, a tripler, a power amplifier and a frequency doubler which are sequentially connected, and is used for amplifying a first path of radio frequency signal output by the signal generator to obtain a terahertz signal;
the second amplification circuit comprises a quadrupler, a waveguide amplifier and a tripler and is used for amplifying the second path of radio frequency signal output by the signal generator to obtain a local oscillator signal.
Preferably, in the terahertz intensity correlation detection device, a first lens is disposed between the emission port and the target object, and a center point of the first lens coincides with a central axis of the emission port, and is used for focusing and collimating the terahertz signal output by the emission port;
a second lens is arranged between the target object and the spatial modulator and used for focusing and collimating target reflected light;
at least one third lens is arranged between the spatial modulator and the receiving port, and the third lens is used for focusing and collimating the random echo signals output by the spatial modulator.
Preferably, in the terahertz intensity correlation detection device, an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the target object and the central axis of the first lens and the central axis of the second lens.
Preferably, in the terahertz intensity correlation detection device, the spatial modulator forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the central axis of the second lens and the central axis of the third lens.
Preferably, in the above terahertz intensity correlation detection device, the transmitting port and the receiving port are pyramidal horn antennas, and the size is 6.5mm by 7.5 mm.
Preferably, in the terahertz intensity correlation detection apparatus, the spatial modulator employs a digital micromirror.
Preferably, in the terahertz intensity correlation detection apparatus, the first lens, the second lens and the third lens are high-resistance silicon biconvex lenses.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the terahertz intensity correlation detection device provided by the invention, the light field intensity on the reference arm is preset by using the upper computer and the spatial light modulator, and the target reflected light is modulated, so that the real-time measurement of the reference arm on the light field is omitted, the imaging light path is simplified, and single-arm correlation imaging is realized.
(2) The terahertz intensity correlation detection device provided by the invention adopts a compressed sensing image reconstruction technology of an orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm to reconstruct an image, and utilizes the sparsity of signals to perform self-adaptive measurement coding on the signals at a rate far lower than the Nyquist sampling rate. The decoding process is not a simple inverse process of coding, but under the inversion idea in blind source separation, the existing reconstruction method in signal sparse decomposition is utilized to realize accurate reconstruction of signals or approximate reconstruction under certain error in the probability sense, the number of measured values required by decoding is far lower than that of samples under the traditional theory, and the imaging time is greatly reduced.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a terahertz intensity correlation detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a terahertz transceiver unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a terahertz intensity correlation detection apparatus provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus includes a terahertz transceiver unit, a spatial modulator, and an upper computer; wherein,
the terahertz receiving and transmitting unit is used for generating terahertz signals and local oscillator signals, the terahertz signals are output through a transmitting port on the terahertz receiving and transmitting unit, focused and then irradiated on a target object, and generated target reflected light is focused and then irradiated on the spatial modulator;
the spatial modulator is used for modulating the target emission light according to a modulation instruction sent by the control unit, and a generated random echo signal enters the terahertz transceiving unit through the receiving port after being collimated; the terahertz receiving and transmitting unit mixes the random echo signal with a local oscillator signal to generate an electromagnetic signal;
the upper computer is used for generating a modulation instruction for controlling the spatial modulator and is also used for carrying out image reconstruction on the electromagnetic signals by using a compressed sensing image reconstruction algorithm to realize terahertz imaging.
In the embodiment, the intensity of the light field on the reference arm is preset by using the upper computer and the spatial light modulator to modulate the target reflected light, so that the real-time measurement of the reference arm on the light field is omitted, the imaging light path is simplified, and single-arm correlation imaging is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the terahertz transceiver unit includes a signal generator, a frequency doubling module, a synthesized signal source, a mixer, and a detector;
the frequency doubling module is used for amplifying the radio-frequency signal output by the signal generator according to the frequency doubling parameter output by the synthesis signal source to obtain a terahertz signal and a local oscillator signal of a preset frequency band; the frequency mixer is used for mixing the local oscillation signal with a random echo signal received by the receiving port to generate an electromagnetic signal; the detector is used for acquiring the electromagnetic signals.
The radio frequency signal required by the frequency doubling module is input from the microwave signal generator through the radio frequency cable, the frequency doubling parameters such as frequency, power and the like required by the frequency doubling module are controlled by the synthesis signal source when the frequency doubling module is used, and the direct current drive is provided by a special power adapter. The frequency doubling module is segmented according to the standard waveguide segment, and the generation and output of signals in the frequency range of 0.17 THz-1 THz can be completed by replacing frequency doubling modules in different frequency ranges; the random echo signal and the local oscillation signal are mixed in a mixer and then output an electromagnetic wave signal with lower frequency; the detector in this embodiment adopts a heterodyne detection principle, is a direct detection technology based on electronics, and can detect information such as amplitude, frequency, and phase of an electromagnetic wave signal output by a mixer.
In the embodiment, the signal generator is a signal generating and processing board, generates 220-286 MHz signals through band-pass filtering, and can output two paths of same radio frequency signals; the frequency doubling module comprises a first amplifying circuit and a second amplifying circuit;
the first amplification circuit comprises a quadrupler, a waveguide amplifier, a tripler, a power amplifier and a frequency doubler and is used for amplifying a first path of radio frequency signal output by the signal generator to obtain a terahertz signal; the first output end of the signal generator is connected with the quadrupler, the waveguide amplifier, the tripler, the power amplifier and the frequency doubler in sequence through the semi-flexible cable.
The second amplification circuit comprises a quadrupler, a waveguide amplifier and a tripler and is used for amplifying the second path of radio frequency signal output by the signal generator to obtain a local oscillator signal; and the second output end of the signal generator is sequentially connected with the quadrupler, the waveguide amplifier and the tripler through a semi-flexible cable.
A transmitting port and a receiving port in the terahertz transceiving unit both adopt a structure of a pyramidal horn antenna, waveguide port surface feed is designed, and simulation optimization is carried out by CST electromagnetic simulation software, wherein the size is 6.5mm 7.5 mm.
As a preferable example of this embodiment, the terahertz intensity correlation detection apparatus further includes a data acquisition unit; the data acquisition unit is provided with an SMA interface and a simulation interface;
the input end of the data acquisition unit is connected with a detector in the terahertz transceiving unit through an SMA interface so as to acquire an electromagnetic signal detected by the detector; the output end of the data acquisition unit is connected with a USB interface of the upper computer through a simulation interface, and electromagnetic signals acquired by the data acquisition unit form a random matrix through a medium-frequency channel and A/D sampling and then are sent to the upper computer.
Referring to fig. 1, in the terahertz intensity correlation detection device provided in this embodiment, a lens 1 is disposed between an emission port and a target object, and a central point of the lens 1 coincides with a central axis of the emission port, and is used for focusing and collimating a terahertz signal output by the emission port; a lens 2 is arranged between the target object and the spatial modulator, and the lens 2 is used for focusing and collimating target reflected light; a lens 3 and a lens 4 are arranged between the spatial modulator and the receiving port, and the lens 3 and the lens 4 are used for focusing and collimating the random echo signals output by the spatial modulator.
The central axis of the light outlet of the transmitting port is parallel to and opposite to the central point of the lens 1, and the central axis of the light outlet of the receiving port is parallel to and opposite to the central point of the lens 3; the target object forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the central axis of the lens 1, and the target object forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the central axis of the lens 2; the central point of the target object is on the central axis of the lens 1 and is also on the central axis of the lens 2, and the central axes of the lens 1 and the lens 2 are vertical to each other;
the spatial modulator in the embodiment is realized by adopting a digital micromirror, the digital micromirror forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the central axis of the lens 2, and the digital micromirror forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the central axis of the lens 4; the central point of the digital micromirror is on the central axis of the lens 2 and is also on the central axis of the lens 4, and the central axes of the lens 2 and the lens 4 are mutually vertical;
the digital micromirror is a digital optical switch modulated by binary pulse width, is a very complicated optical switch device, consists of a substrate, a semiconductor memory device CMOS, a reflector lens bracket and a reflector lens, and is provided with a control interface used for receiving a modulation instruction sent by an upper computer;
the digital micromirrors are micromirror arrays, which can generate random matrices, the imaging is performed by the rotation of micromirrors, each pixel has a rotatable micromirror, in this embodiment, each micromirror has a size of 16 × 16 μm, the micromirrors are spaced about 1 μm apart, and each micromirror has a deflection angle of ± 10 ° corresponding to "on" state and "off" state, respectively. When in a flat state, the pixel micro-mirror is horizontally arranged; when the micromirror is deflected by +10 ° (the "on" state), light almost entirely passes through; when the micro-mirror deflects by-10 degrees (the 'off' state), light rays deviate and are absorbed by the absorption device, and the on-off state of the micro-mirror is controlled according to requirements, so that display is realized. The digital micromirror is driven by an upper computer to input a binary pulse width control signal, and the digital control of the pixel gray scale is realized by controlling the time for the reflected light of the digital micromirror to enter an exit pupil. For example, one data length of 4 bits may represent 16-level gray. These 16 levels of gray scale are achieved by the length of time the pixel point is in the "on state". Dividing the field time of the video into 15 parts, wherein the gray scale 0000 is 0/15, and the gray scale 0001 is 1/15 … … 1111 is 15/15; each bit represents a different duration within a frame time, 0001-1/15, 0010-2/15, 0100-4/15, and 1000-8/15. The gray scale control is achieved by controlling each bit 1 or 0. Higher grey levels can be achieved according to the same principle. The grey level depends on two factors: the field time of each frame of image and the response time of the mirror rotation. The first point is determined by the frame frequency of the applied image and the second point is determined by the performance of the digital micromirror.
In the embodiment, a digital micromirror is used for modulating a target object optical signal, according to a compressive sensing correlation imaging principle, a digital micromirror control signal (namely a modulation signal) output by an upper computer is used as a reference arm signal, the digital micromirror performs opening and closing operations according to an instruction of the modulation signal, an input target reflected light signal is modulated, a random echo signal is generated, and the random echo signal is collimated by lenses 3 and 4 and then received by a receiving port in a terahertz transceiving unit.
In this embodiment, the lens 1, the lens 2, the lens 3, and the lens 4 are all high-resistance silicon biconvex lenses with brackets, and the central axis of the lens 3 is parallel to the central axis of the lens 4; the distance between the lens 1 and the emission port is the focal length of the lens 1; the distance between the lens 2 and the digital micromirror is the focal length of the lens 2; the distance between the lens 4 and the digital micromirror is the focal length of the lens 4; the distance between the lens 3 and the digital micromirror is the focal length of the lens 3; in this embodiment, the distance between the lens 1 and the target object is 5m, the distance between the lens 2 and the target object is 5m, and the distance between the lens 3 and the lens 4 is 5 m.
In this embodiment, the upper computer includes a host, a display, and input devices such as a keyboard and a mouse, and further includes a USB interface, an ethernet interface, and a serial port, the upper computer is connected to the control interface of the digital micromirror through the serial port, and the output control signal is used to control the digital micromirror to operate. The upper computer is provided with compressed sensing image reconstruction software and can perform image processing on data sent by the data acquisition unit.
The compressed sensing image reconstruction software in the upper computer adopts an Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm to reconstruct signals, and the essential idea of the OMP algorithm can be expressed as follows: selecting columns in a random matrix phi by a greedy iteration method, enabling the selected columns in each iteration to be maximally related to the current redundant vector, subtracting a related part from a measurement vector, repeatedly iterating until the iteration times reach the sparsity K, and forcibly stopping iteration; the OMP algorithm processes the two-dimensional sparse image as follows:
(1) OMP reconstruction is carried out according to columns from the observation value Y of the M multiplied by N to obtain the sparse signal of the N multiplied by N
The iteration column number i of the two-dimensional image matrix is 1;
(2) initialization residual r0 ═ Y (: i), index set Λ0Phi, atomic set A0Phi, the iteration number t is 1;
(3) finding an index λ t, satisfying: lambda [ alpha ]t＝argmaxj＝1,2…N︱(rt-1,Φ(:,j))；
(4) Updating an index set Λ t ═ Λ t-1 ∪ { λ t }, and updating an original subset At ═ At-1, Φ (: λ t) ];
(5) the least squares method calculates a new signal estimate:
namely, it is
(6) Calculating residual error
(7) Updating the iteration time t as t +1, if t<K, returning to the step (3), otherwise, stopping calculating and outputting the reconstruction signal
(8) Updating the matrix column number i to i +1 if i<N, returning to the step (2), otherwise stopping calculating and outputting the reconstructed N multiplied by N image signal
Compared with the existing terahertz imaging system, the terahertz intensity correlation detection system provided by the invention applies the digital micromirror to the correlation detection imaging system based on the compressed sensing image reconstruction technology of the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm, and modulates the reflected light signal of the target object through the preset modulation signal, so that a reference arm light path in the compressed sensing correlation imaging is omitted, the imaging light path is simplified, and the detection efficiency is improved; the compressed sensing image reconstruction technology of the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm performs sampling and compressed encoding on the signals in the same step, and performs self-adaptive measurement encoding on the signals at a rate far lower than the Nyquist sampling rate by utilizing the sparsity of the signals. The decoding process is not a simple inverse process of coding, but under the inversion idea in blind source separation, the existing reconstruction method in signal sparse decomposition is utilized to realize accurate reconstruction of signals or approximate reconstruction under certain error in the probability sense, the number of measured values required by decoding is far lower than that of samples under the traditional theory, and the imaging time is greatly reduced. Target numerical simulation and complex target simulation analysis are respectively carried out in simulation experiment result analysis, and the result shows that the image reconstruction method based on the compressed sensing algorithm has obvious effect, particularly when the sampling rate is high, the reconstruction effect of a two-dimensional image is good, noise can be inhibited, and the detail characteristics are obvious.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A terahertz intensity correlation detection device is characterized by comprising a terahertz transceiving unit, a spatial modulator and a control unit;
the terahertz receiving and transmitting unit is used for generating terahertz signals and local oscillator signals, the terahertz signals are output through the transmitting port and focused and then irradiate a target object, and generated target reflected light is focused and then irradiates the spatial modulator;
the spatial modulator is used for modulating the target emission light according to a modulation instruction sent by the control unit, and a generated random echo signal enters the terahertz transceiving unit through the receiving port after being collimated; the terahertz receiving and transmitting unit mixes the random echo signal with a local oscillator signal to generate an electromagnetic signal;
the control unit is used for carrying out image reconstruction on the electromagnetic signals by utilizing a compressed sensing image reconstruction algorithm to realize terahertz imaging.
2. The terahertz intensity correlation detection device of claim 1, further comprising a data acquisition unit;
the input end of the data acquisition unit is connected with the terahertz transceiving unit to acquire electromagnetic signals generated in the terahertz transceiving unit, and the electromagnetic signals are converted into random matrixes and then are transmitted to the control unit.
3. The terahertz intensity correlation detection device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the terahertz transceiving unit comprises a signal generator, a frequency doubling module, a synthesized signal source, a mixer and a detector;
the frequency doubling module is used for amplifying the radio-frequency signal output by the signal generator according to the frequency doubling parameter output by the synthetic signal source to obtain a terahertz signal and a local oscillator signal of a preset frequency band;
the frequency mixer is used for mixing the local oscillation signal with a random echo signal received by a receiving port to generate an electromagnetic signal;
the detector is used for acquiring the electromagnetic signals.
4. The terahertz intensity correlation detection device of claim 3, wherein the frequency doubling module comprises a first amplification line and a second amplification line;
the first amplification circuit comprises a quadrupler, a waveguide amplifier, a tripler, a power amplifier and a frequency doubler which are sequentially connected, and is used for amplifying a first path of radio frequency signal output by the signal generator to obtain a terahertz signal;
the second amplification circuit comprises a quadrupler, a waveguide amplifier and a tripler and is used for amplifying the second path of radio frequency signal output by the signal generator to obtain a local oscillator signal.
5. The terahertz intensity correlation detection device as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein a first lens is arranged between the emission port and the target object, and the first lens is used for focusing and collimating the terahertz signal output by the emission port;
a second lens is arranged between the target object and the spatial modulator and used for focusing and collimating target reflected light;
at least one third lens is arranged between the spatial modulator and the receiving port, and the third lens is used for focusing and collimating the random echo signals output by the spatial modulator.
6. The terahertz intensity correlation detection device of claim 5, wherein the target object forms an angle of 45 ° with a central axis of the first lens and the second lens.
7. The terahertz intensity correlation detection device of claim 6, wherein the spatial modulator forms an angle of 45 ° with a central axis of the second lens and the third lens.
8. The terahertz intensity correlation detection device of claim 1 or 7, wherein the transmitting port and the receiving port are pyramidal horn antennas with dimensions of 6.5mm by 7.5 mm.
9. The terahertz intensity correlation detection device of claim 1 or 7, wherein the spatial modulator employs a digital micromirror.
10. The terahertz intensity correlation detection device of claim 5, wherein the first, second and third lenses are high-resistance silicon biconvex lenses.
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