CN105509880A - Method and device for detecting terahertz radiation intensity distribution based on compressed sensing - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting terahertz radiation intensity distribution based on compressed sensing Download PDFInfo
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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Abstract
The invention relates to a terahertz wave detection technology in order to realize fast and high-sensitivity detection on terahertz radiation intensity distribution under room temperature and realize different-resolution imaging on radiation intensity distribution according to needs. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a method and a device for detecting the terahertz radiation intensity distribution based on compression sensing are provided. The device comprises an expanded beam lens assembly, a mask plate, a one-dimensional electric displacement platform, a terahertz power meter or energy meter, a focusing lens and a computer, wherein the expanded beam lens assembly is formed by a concave lens of which the focal length is 50mm and a convex lens of which the focal length is 100mm; the concave lens and the convex lens are in high transmittance in a 1 to 3 THz range; the mask plate is a matrix which is formed on a sheet metal according to two values of 0 and 1, and 1 corresponds to a hollow square hole; the mask plate is fixed on the one-dimensional electric displacement platform; a collected signal can be uploaded to a data collection card of the computer. The method and the device, disclosed by the invention, are mainly applied to a terahertz wave detection occasion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to THz wave Detection Techniques, specifically, relate to the terahertz emission intensity distribution detection method and apparatus based on compressed sensing.
Background technology
(Terahertz is called for short THz, 1THz=10 to Terahertz
12hz) radiation refers to that frequency is from 0.1THz to 10THz, corresponding wavelength from 3 millimeters to 30 microns, the electromagnetic wave spectrum region that spectral range is quite wide between millimeter wave and infrared light.The specific position of terahertz emission residing in electromagnetic wave spectrum imparts its a series of special character, and this makes Terahertz Technology can be applied to the directions such as biomedical detection, substance characteristics research, safety check.The potential broad prospect of application of terahertz emission impels its radiation source technology fast-developing, the emittance Detection Techniques of terahertz wave band are also ripe gradually, and also rest on initial point by point scanning and terahertz camera two kinds of methods to the detection means of radiation intensity distribution accordingly.Point by point scanning method is simple, only needs the laboratory infrastructure devices such as two-dimension displacement platform, terahertz emission power meter or energy meter just can realize.But there is the shortcoming that image taking speed that platform two-dimensional movement causes is slow, in addition the method is used to need to detect one by one the intensity of every bit, this requires that the energy in terahertz emission source and intensity distributions keep stable in a long time, then require that detector has higher sensitivity to obtain higher resolution image, but these require it is that the terahertz emission source of present stage and detector institute are unapproachable, range of application in this approach receive certain restriction.CCD and the CMOS camera of terahertz wave band then can realize real time imagery, but its detection sensitivity is lower, this just proposes high requirement to the output power of radiation source, in addition fancy price, and this makes it be difficult to be applied in the middle of general THz wave research.
Compressed sensing is that one makes full use of the openness or compressible brand-new signals collecting of signal, encoding and decoding are theoretical, and it breaches the constraint of traditional Shannon-nyquist sampling theorem.This theory shows, when signal has openness or compressibility, just can realize the accurate of signal or approximate reconstruction by gathering a small amount of signal projection value.Compressive sensing theory is set up based on existing blind source separating and sparse resolution theory.Blind source separating is that compressive sensing theory provides the thinking realizing signal reconstruction when unknown source signal by measuring encoded radio; Specific algorithm in Its Sparse Decomposition is then applied to compressed sensing restructuring procedure.The terahertz emission intensity distribution detection method of compressive sensing theory is adopted then only to need to introduce the mask calculation matrix being used for optical modulation, change mask plate process and only need one-dimensional movement, sampling is realized under original signal 20%-30% sampling rate, whole gatherer process can foreshorten to 8 seconds, coordinate infrared emanation detector Bolometer can realize the power detection of pW magnitude, and obtain the imaging results of different resolution by adjustment mask plate mask aperture size and lens combination.The advantage that the method has miniaturization, is easy to making, low cost, time are short, highly sensitive.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, realizing the fast high-sensitive degree detection of terahertz emission intensity distributions under room temperature, and the imaging of different resolution can be realized as required to radiation intensity distribution.
For this reason, the technical solution used in the present invention is: based on the terahertz emission intensity distribution detection device of compressed sensing, comprise the device of extender lens group, mask plate, one dimension electricity driving displacement platform, Terahertz power meter or energy meter, condenser lens, computing machine, the convex lens of concavees lens and 100mm that described extender lens group is respectively 50mm by focal length form, and described concavees lens, convex lens are thoroughly high to 1-3THz scope; Described mask plate is the matrix by 0,1 two-value composition on sheet metal, 1 square hole corresponding to hollow out; Mask plate is fixed on one dimension electricity driving displacement platform; Condenser lens is to the high saturating convex lens of 1-3THz scope; Radiation laser beam obtains the light beam after expanding after extender lens group, one dimension electricity driving displacement platform moving direction is vertical with direction, light path place, thus the beam orthogonal after expanding passes through mask plate, the convex lens being 100mm by a focal length through the emittance of mask plate converge to detector, computing machine controls movement and the data acquisition of displacement platform, mask plate often moves and moves a step, and power meter or energy meter gather corresponding energy, and the signal collected is uploaded to computer data acquiring card.
Lens combination realizes the adjustment of resolution, specifically comprises: adopt focal length to be the plano-concave mirror of 50mm and focal length to be the planoconvex lens combination of 100mm to realize 2 times of hot spot and expand, realize the imaging resolution that resolution is 250 μm; Or resolution when not adding lens combination is 500 μm; Or hot spot is comparatively large, adopts focal length to be the plano-concave mirror of 150mm and focal length to be the planoconvex lens combination of 50mm, then realize the imaging resolution of 1.5mm.
Described metal mask plate is 20 × 99 matrixes that the stainless steel substrates of 150mm × 30mm × 0.1mm forms by 0,1 two-value, 1 corresponds to the square hole that hollow out size is 0.45mm × 0.45mm, 0 corresponding part not hollow out, comprise the matrix of 80 20 × 20, often form different modulation matrixs in a mobile row light path.
Institute's translation stage be can be controlled by computer programming and positioning precision higher than the one dimension electricity driving displacement platform of 0.05mm.
Described detector is detectable wavelength coverage reaches pW magnitude to the sensitivity of 5000 μm of corresponding 30THz to 60GHz bollard bolometer bolometer from 10 μm.
Based on the terahertz emission intensity distribution detection method of compressed sensing, THz source produces THz wave and exports, estimating size and expecting that the resolution obtained selects lens combination according to radiation source hot spot, terahertz emission obtains the light beam after expanding after lens combination, mask plate is fixed on one dimension electricity driving displacement platform, one dimension electricity driving displacement platform moving direction is vertical with direction, light path place, thus the beam orthogonal after expanding is through mask plate, utilize convex lens that the emittance through mask plate is converged to power meter or energy meter, movement and the gatherer process of displacement platform is controlled by computing machine, mask plate often moves and moves a step, energy meter gathers corresponding energy, the energy value detected forms an array, be entered into MATLAB program and carry out TVAL3 algorithm process, namely recover to obtain corresponding image.
Feature of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
The advantage of patent of the present invention is: one, shared by mask plate, simplifies mask plate manufacturing process, reduces to change mask plate process beam path alignment error, shorten and change the mask plate time; Two, overcome traditional point by point scanning imaging and move by two-dimentional machinery the shortcoming that caused speed is slow, the time is long, adopt this method can make whole hot spot shortens imaging time to 8 second; Three, improve the problem that terahertz camera sensitivity is low, coordinate infrared emanation detector Bolometer can realize the power detection of pW magnitude, substantially increase sampling sensitivity.Patent of the present invention adopts the method for compressed sensing to realize the distribution of terahertz emission intensity, have low sampling rate, shorter sampling time, device simple and easy, be easy to adjust resolution, highly sensitive advantage.The radiation intensity distribution that the method can be applied to different-waveband is measured.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is that mask plate forms schematic diagram.
Correspond to the square hole (in figure white portion) that hollow out size is 0.45mm × 0.45mm, 0 non-openwork part of correspondence (in figure black part), the part terahertz emission of 1 correspondence can completely through, the part terahertz emission of 0 correspondence cannot be through, and different 0,1 is combined to form the modulation that matrix realizes terahertz emission.
Fig. 2 is terahertz emission intensity distribution detection schematic diagram.
In figure: 1. THz source; 2. extender lens group concavees lens; 3. extender lens group convex lens; 4. mask plate; 5. one dimension electricity driving displacement platform; 6. condenser lens; 7. terahertz detector; 8. computing machine.
Embodiment
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of detection method of the intensity distributions of terahertz emission fast.Design quick-replaceable mask plate based on compressive sensing theory, each mask matrix and next matrix share its part, and only mobile row can obtain new mask matrix, shorten and change the mask plate time.Employing this method can on the basis of particular mask plate, only use one-dimensional movement platform and terahertz emission power meter, just can realize the fast high-sensitive degree detection of terahertz emission intensity distributions, utilize the mask plate of different resolution and different lens combinations can realize the imaging of different resolution to radiation intensity distribution.Meanwhile, the method can also be applied to the radiation intensity distribution measurement of different-waveband.
The present invention proposes the fast simple terahertz emission intensity distribution detection scheme based on compressed sensing.Compressive sensing theory is a kind of theoretical frame that can realize compression while sampling newly, and its realization comprises three processes: the rarefaction representation of signal, choosing and signal reconstruction of calculation matrix.The precondition of compressive sensing theory is that signal has openness or compressibility, and general figures and signal all exist continuity, meet compressible condition.For one-dimensional signal, only consider that length is the discrete real-valued signal x of N, be designated as n ∈ [1,2 ..., N].Can with one group of ψ by the known x of signal theory
t=[ψ
1, ψ
2..., ψ
n] linear combination represent, then
in formula, a and x is N × 1 matrix, and x is original signal, and a is the coefficient on the sparse base of its correspondence, and Ψ is selected sparse base, is N × N matrix.When signal x only has K (K<<N) individual nonzero coefficient (all the other coefficients are zero or go to zero) on certain base, then this base is claimed to be the sparse base of signal x.Be not directly measure sparse signal x itself in measuring process, but signal x projected to one group of measurement vector
on, obtain measured value
Φ is calculation matrix, the mask matrix in corresponding measuring process, the energy value that the corresponding detector of y records.Namely
y＝Φx＝ΦΨa＝Θa(1)
In formula, Θ=Φ Ψ, Φ are M × N matrix, and y is rank, M × 1 matrixes, and Θ is M × N matrix.K<M<<N, the inverse problem of (1) formula is an ill-conditioning problem, so cannot solve x by the M of a y measured value.But x is only had K nonzero coefficient after rarefaction, if obtain this K of cicada coefficient just can better reconstruct original signal x.In order to ensure convergence, x can be recovered exactly by M measured value, in formula (1), matrix Θ must meet limited equidistant characteristics (RIP) criterion, namely for the vector ν arbitrarily with strict K sparse (during compressible situation, requirement is 3K).Matrix Θ can ensure as lower inequality is set up
The situation of a kind of equivalence of RIP criterion is the requirement that calculation matrix Φ and sparse matrix Ψ meet irrelevance.
When calculation matrix Φ meets RIP criterion, compressive sensing theory by obtaining sparse coefficient a to the solving of inverse problem of formula (1), then can obtain original signal by x=Ψ a.And the most direct method of inverse problem that will solve (1) formula is exactly l
0the norm number of nonzero element (in the vector) solves, and passes through l
0norm solves that it is optimum-and separate and be
meet y=Φ Ψ a (3)
It solves is a NP-hard problem, and this and Its Sparse Decomposition are mathematically same problems.Donoho equals to propose for 2006, l
1minimum norm under certain condition and l
0minimum norm has equivalence, can obtain identical solution.So (3) formula just can be converted into l
1optimization problem under norm
meet y=Φ Ψ a (4)
Under minimum norm, optimization problem is also called base and follows the trail of (BP), and its conventional implementation algorithm has: matching pursuit algorithm and convex relaxation method.Minimum full variational method reconstruction result in convex relaxation method accurately and have robustness, effectively can solve the problem of compression reconfiguration, but there is the shortcoming that arithmetic speed is slow, the minimum full variational method (TVAL3) combining enhancement mode Lagrangian function and alternating minimization method then finds the minimum value of enhancement mode Lagrangian model by alternating minimization method, carry out iteration by method of steepest descent again, upgrade Lagrange multiplier and greatly accelerate iteration speed.Present invention employs TVAL3 algorithm, the reconstruct of image can be completed in 0.3s.
Gauss's Two dimensional Distribution is the distribution that a kind of energy comparatively concentrates not easily rarefaction, but does discrete cosine transform to it and larger coefficient can be focused on left area, then just can complete the compression of image.Mask plate has been arranged on sheet metal in order by the mask matrix of a series of 0,1 composition, 1 corresponds to the hollow out square hole that size is 0.45mm × 0.45mm, 0 non-openwork part of correspondence, the part terahertz emission of 1 correspondence can completely through, the part terahertz emission of 0 correspondence cannot be through, and different 0,1 is combined to form the modulation that matrix realizes terahertz emission.Each mask matrix (n × n) and the next one share n-1/n wherein, and displacement platform only need be mobile with corresponding stepping (resolution), can realize the replacing of mask plate, thus realize the different modulating to terahertz emission.The introducing of compressed sensing, then make hits greatly reduce, and then can substitute two-dimensional stage by one-dimensional platform, further shorten imaging time.In the present invention, extender lens is combined as 1-3THz height thoroughly, and focal length is respectively the concavees lens of 50mm and the convex lens of 100mm, and this combination coordinates aforementioned mask plate can realize 250 μm of resolution.The increase expanding multiple directly causes the linear increase of imaging resolution, then can adopt the distribution of contracting bundle lens combination measuring radiation intensity to the radiation profiles of comparatively dispersing.
The present invention is realized by following technical proposals, comprises terahertz emission source 1, mask plate 4 and displacement platform 5, Terahertz energy meter 7.By 0 of mask matrix, 1 sequence is produced on a sheet metal, is loaded with the one dimension displacement platform movement of mask plate and gathers corresponding energy, can reconstruct corresponding image after having gathered by the TVAL3 algorithm of data importing MATLAB by conputer controlled.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fast and the detection method of easy terahertz emission intensity distributions, the fast high-sensitive degree detection of terahertz emission intensity distributions can be realized, utilize the mask plate of customization resolution and different lens combinations to realize the imaging of different resolution to radiation intensity distribution.
Embodiment of the present invention are: THz source produces THz wave and exports, lens combination is selected according to the resolution that size and the expectation of radiation source hot spot obtain, in experiment, spot size is 4mm, the convex lens of concavees lens and 100mm that extender lens group is respectively 50mm by focal length form, and terahertz emission obtains the little light beam of the angle of divergence after lens combination.Mask plate is fixed on one dimension electricity driving displacement platform, and platform movement direction is vertical with direction, light path place, and the light beam after expanding is through mask plate, and the convex lens that the emittance through mask plate is 100mm by a focal length converge to detector.Movement and the gatherer process of displacement platform is controlled by computing machine, mask plate often moves move a step (0.5mm), and detector gathers corresponding energy, and platform is that stepping moves 79 times with 0.5mm, namely change mask plate 79 times, detector place can collect 80 corresponding intensity levels.These 80 intensity levels form the matrix of 80 × 1, the y in this matrix corresponding equation (4), and calculation matrix-Φ and sparse matrix-Ψ is known, can calculate a by TVAL3 recovery algorithms, can obtain original signal x by x=Ψ a.Only need the sampling rate of 20%, fast light intensity distribution detection can be realized
The detailed process of TVAL3 algorithm is as follows: its theoretical model is
meet y=Φ Ψ a=Θ a (5)
Wherein, D
ia carries out discrete gradient calculating to the horizontal and vertical of a
In order to obtain the accurate estimation of a, in (5) formula, introduce a slack variable:
meet y=Θ aandD
ia=w
i(6)
The Lagrangian enhancement mode function of formula (6) correspondence is:
Solve minimum enhancement mode Lagrange numerical problem
Above formula is convex optimization problem, has non-differentiability and nonlinear characteristic and makes to solve and be not easy, for this is to a and w
iadopt alternating minimization method iterative
Solve a
(k)-w
isubproblem:
The available following formula of formula (9) is estimated:
Solve
subproblem, definition Q (a) is:
The gradient of above formula is:
Upgrade v
iand λ
i
λ
i＝λ
i-μ(Θa-y)(14)
Obtaining || a
(k+1)-a
k||
2enough hour, stop iteration, obtain a.
Claims (6)
1. the terahertz emission intensity distribution detection device based on compressed sensing, it is characterized in that, comprise extender lens group, mask plate, one dimension electricity driving displacement platform, Terahertz power meter or energy meter, condenser lens, computing machine, the convex lens of concavees lens and 100mm that described extender lens group is respectively 50mm by focal length form, and described concavees lens, convex lens are thoroughly high to 1-3THz scope; Described mask plate is the matrix by 0,1 two-value composition on sheet metal, 1 square hole corresponding to hollow out; Mask plate is fixed on one dimension electricity driving displacement platform; Condenser lens is to the high saturating convex lens of 1-3THz scope; Radiation laser beam obtains the light beam after expanding after extender lens group, one dimension electricity driving displacement platform moving direction is vertical with direction, light path place, thus the beam orthogonal after expanding passes through mask plate, the convex lens being 100mm by a focal length through the emittance of mask plate converge to detector, computing machine controls movement and the data acquisition of displacement platform, mask plate often moves and moves a step, and power meter or energy meter gather corresponding energy, and the signal collected is uploaded to computer data acquiring card.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the terahertz emission intensity distribution detection device of compressed sensing, it is characterized in that, adopt focal length to be the plano-concave mirror of 50mm and focal length to be the planoconvex lens combination of 100mm to realize 2 times of hot spot to expand, realize the imaging resolution that resolution is 250 μm; Or resolution when not adding lens combination is 500 μm; Or hot spot is comparatively large, adopts focal length to be the plano-concave mirror of 150mm and focal length to be the planoconvex lens combination of 50mm, then realize the imaging resolution of 1.5mm.
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the terahertz emission intensity distribution detection device of compressed sensing, it is characterized in that, described metal mask plate is 20 × 99 matrixes that the stainless steel substrates of 150mm × 30mm × 0.1mm forms by 0,1 two-value, 1 corresponds to the square hole that hollow out size is 0.45mm × 0.45mm, 0 corresponding part not hollow out, comprise the matrix of 80 20 × 20, often form different modulation matrixs in a mobile row light path.
4., as claimed in claim 1 based on the terahertz emission intensity distribution detection device of compressed sensing, it is characterized in that, institute's translation stage be can be controlled by computer programming and positioning precision higher than the one dimension electricity driving displacement platform of 0.05mm.
5. as claimed in claim 1 based on the terahertz emission intensity distribution detection device of compressed sensing, it is characterized in that, described detector is detectable wavelength coverage reaches pW magnitude to the sensitivity of 5000 μm of corresponding 30THz to 60GHz bollard bolometer bolometer from 10 μm.
6. the terahertz emission intensity distribution detection method based on compressed sensing, it is characterized in that, THz source produces THz wave and exports, estimating size and expecting that the resolution obtained selects lens combination according to radiation source hot spot, terahertz emission obtains the light beam after expanding after lens combination, mask plate is fixed on one dimension electricity driving displacement platform, one dimension electricity driving displacement platform moving direction is vertical with direction, light path place, thus the beam orthogonal after expanding is through mask plate, utilize convex lens that the emittance through mask plate is converged to power meter or energy meter, movement and the gatherer process of displacement platform is controlled by computing machine, mask plate often moves and moves a step, power meter or energy meter gather corresponding energy, the energy value detected forms an array, be entered into MATLAB program and carry out TVAL3 algorithm process, namely recover to obtain corresponding image.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106595856A (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-04-26 | 天津大学 | Terahertz wave compression perception rapid imaging apparatus based on rotation disc-like mask plate |
| CN109297925A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-02-01 | 天津大学 | A kind of Terahertz high-resolution fast imaging device based on splits' positions perception |
| CN110988906A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-10 | 湖北三江航天险峰电子信息有限公司 | Terahertz intensity correlation detection device |
| CN111579521A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-25 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Terahertz compression imaging optimization method and system based on data selection |
| WO2021121405A1 (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-24 | 华为技术有限公司 | Terahertz sensing system and terahertz sensing array |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106595856A (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-04-26 | 天津大学 | Terahertz wave compression perception rapid imaging apparatus based on rotation disc-like mask plate |
| CN109297925A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-02-01 | 天津大学 | A kind of Terahertz high-resolution fast imaging device based on splits' positions perception |
| CN110988906A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-10 | 湖北三江航天险峰电子信息有限公司 | Terahertz intensity correlation detection device |
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