CN110987919A - Detection method of heavy metal ions in water - Google Patents
Detection method of heavy metal ions in water Download PDFInfo
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- CN110987919A CN110987919A CN201911335361.0A CN201911335361A CN110987919A CN 110987919 A CN110987919 A CN 110987919A CN 201911335361 A CN201911335361 A CN 201911335361A CN 110987919 A CN110987919 A CN 110987919A
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection method of heavy metal ions in water, which comprises the following steps: the invention relates to the technical field of heavy metal ion detection, in particular to a method for detecting heavy metal ions in a water area by taking ten clean and sealed test tubes to a detection water area, taking water in a shallow layer, a middle layer and a deep layer twice respectively, and then stirring water flow to mix water in different depths. This quality of water heavy metal ion's detection method, when examining, sample through the multiple spot, when taking a sample, earlier respectively to the shallow layer, middle level and deep carry out twice water intaking, then mix the rivers, make the shallow layer, middle level and deep water mix, then carry out twice water intaking respectively at top layer and middle level, the multiple spot is taken water, make the more accurate of result that detects, greatly reduced the detection error who leads to because of environmental factor, and preserve the water sample through the same temperature of water intaking department water, prevent that the external temperature change from leading to the testing result inaccurate, the detection precision has been increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heavy metal ion detection, in particular to a method for detecting heavy metal ions in water.
Background
Heavy metal refers to metal with specific gravity greater than 5, heavy metal refers to metal with atomic weight greater than 55, such as iron with atomic weight greater than 56 and 55, and is also heavy metal, about 45 kinds of heavy metal, generally belonging to transition elements, such as copper, lead, zinc, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, cadmium, mercury, tungsten, molybdenum, gold, silver, etc., although the heavy metal such as manganese, copper, zinc, etc. is a trace element required for life activities, most of the heavy metal such as mercury, lead, cadmium, etc. is not necessary for life activities, and all heavy metals exceeding a certain concentration are toxic to human body, in addition, arsenic is not a heavy metal, and is similar to heavy metal in source and harm, therefore, heavy metal ions are generally listed for research and discussion, the chemical source of water heavy metal ions is a generation source of heavy metal ion pollution caused by water environment, and heavy metal ions (cadmium, cadmium, Chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, etc.) wastewater is a source of heavy metal ions that pollute the water environment.
When the existing detection method for heavy metal ions in water is used for sampling water during detection, the sampling is usually carried out only on a shallow layer, a middle layer and a deep layer, the accuracy of the obtained detection result is not high enough, the influence of water quality distribution is easily caused, and when the water sample is stored, the external environment easily influences the water sample, so that the detection result has errors.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting heavy metal ions in water quality, which solves the problems that when water is sampled, only shallow layer, middle layer and deep layer are sampled, the accuracy of the obtained detection result is not high enough, the detection result is easily influenced by water quality distribution, and when a water sample is stored, the external environment easily influences the water sample, so that the detection result has errors.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a detection method of heavy metal ions in water comprises the following steps:
step one, detecting water extraction: taking ten clean and sealed test tubes to a detection water area, taking water from a shallow layer, a middle layer and a deep layer for two times respectively, stirring water flow to mix water at different depths, taking water from the mixed surface layer and the mixed middle layer for two times respectively, detecting the temperature of a water body after taking, packaging the test tubes of the water sample, and keeping the ambient temperature the same as the temperature of the water body at the water taking position;
step two, preparation of a detection environment: processing an indoor environment, and directly illuminating the indoor environment to the front of the instrument; drying and ventilating, and preventing direct sunlight and strong corrosive gas; is provided with a hand washing sink and a workbench; installing an air conditioner, keeping the room temperature within 15-25 ℃, placing a detection box with flat, horizontal, corrosion-resistant and vibration-free ground, washing the water inlet pipeline and the detection test tube by distilled water without metal ions, drying after washing,
step three, mixing water and a heavy metal color reagent: wearing the anti-corrosion rubber gloves and the protective glasses, opening a sealing plug to drop two same groups of different heavy metal color developing reagents into adjacent detection test tubes through droppers respectively, then selecting distilled water without heavy metal ions, dropping the distilled water every other water inlet pipeline, then pouring the light water sample packaged and treated in the step one into a detection test tube without the distilled water through the water inlet pipeline respectively, stirring the water sample in the detection test tube through a stirring rod, standing for 5 minutes after stirring for one minute, observing color developing results, comparing the color developing results with the color developing results of the distilled water according to the color developing results of the different heavy metal color developing reagents, then recording the detection results, and repeating the steps to detect the middle layer and the light layer in the step one in sequence;
step four, detecting the mixed water sample: wearing the anti-corrosion rubber gloves and the protective glasses, opening a sealing plug to drop two same groups of different heavy metal color developing reagents into adjacent detection test tubes through droppers respectively, then selecting distilled water without heavy metal ions, dropping the distilled water every other water inlet pipeline, then pouring the water samples of the mixed surface layer packaged and treated in the step one into the detection test tubes without the distilled water through the water inlet pipelines respectively, stirring the water samples in the detection test tubes through a stirring rod, standing for 5 minutes after stirring for one minute at the speed of 15 revolutions per minute, observing color developing results, comparing the color developing results of the different heavy metal color developing reagents with the color developing results of the distilled water, then recording the detection results, and repeating the steps to detect the mixed middle-layer water samples in the step one in sequence;
step five, processing after detection: after the detection is finished, the switch valve is opened, a water sample mixed with the heavy metal color reagent is discharged, then the water inlet pipeline, the detection test tube and the drainage pipeline are washed by distilled water, the washed water and the water sample mixed with the heavy metal color reagent are subjected to filtration and harmless treatment, then the switch valve is closed, and the water inlet pipeline is sealed by the sealing plug.
The invention also discloses a detection device of the detection method of the heavy metal ions in the water quality, which comprises a detection box, wherein the inner cavity of the detection box is fixedly connected with a detection test tube, the surface of the detection test tube is fixedly connected with light-transmitting glass, and one side of the light-transmitting glass penetrates through the inner cavity of the detection box and extends to the surface of the detection box.
Preferably, a water inlet pipeline penetrates through the top of the detection box, the top end of the water inlet pipeline is communicated with the top end of the detection test tube, and the inner cavity of the water inlet pipeline is movably connected with a sealing plug.
Preferably, the bottom intercommunication of detecting the test tube has drainage pipe, drainage pipe's bottom runs through the inner chamber of detection case and extends to the detection case below, drainage pipe's fixed surface is connected with the switch valve.
Preferably, the detection test tube is provided with a plurality ofly, and at the inner chamber evenly distributed of detection case.
Preferably, the water sample in the step one is filtered to filter out internal solid impurities.
Preferably, the rotating speed in the third cloth step is 15 revolutions per minute.
Preferably, the water sample does not contact with metal substances during detection.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a detection method of heavy metal ions in water. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the detection method of the heavy metal ions in the water quality comprises the following steps of: taking ten clean and sealed test tubes to a detection water area, respectively taking water from a shallow layer, a middle layer and a deep layer twice, then stirring water flow to mix water at different depths, then taking water from the mixed surface layer and the mixed middle layer twice, after taking, detecting the temperature of water, packaging the test tubes of water samples, keeping the ambient temperature the same as the temperature of the water at the water taking position, sampling by multiple points during detection, taking water from the shallow layer, the middle layer and the deep layer twice respectively during sampling, then stirring water flow to mix the water from the shallow layer, the middle layer and the deep layer, taking water from the surface layer and the middle layer twice respectively, performing multiple points to obtain more accurate detection results, greatly reducing detection errors caused by environmental factors, and preserving the water samples by the same temperature of the water at the water taking position, and the inaccurate detection result caused by the change of the external temperature is prevented.
(2) And the detection method of the heavy metal ions in the water quality comprises the following steps of mixing water and a heavy metal color reagent: wearing the anti-corrosion rubber gloves and the protective glasses, opening a sealing plug to drop two same groups of different heavy metal color developing reagents into adjacent detection test tubes through droppers respectively, then selecting distilled water without heavy metal ions, dropping the distilled water every other water inlet pipeline, then pouring the light water sample packaged and treated in the step one into the detection test tubes without the distilled water through the water inlet pipelines respectively, stirring the water sample in the detection test tubes through a stirring rod, standing for 5 minutes after stirring for one minute, observing color developing results, comparing the color developing results with the color developing results of the distilled water according to the color developing results of the different heavy metal color developing reagents, then recording the detection results, repeating the steps to detect the middle layer and the light layer in the step one in sequence, and when detecting, each group of heavy metal color developing reagents performs color developing comparison through the distilled water, the multiple groups of water samples are concentrated together for detection, the detection effect is more visual, the detection result can be better distinguished, and the detection precision is increased.
(3) This quality of water heavy metal ion's detection method, through the inner chamber fixedly connected with detection test tube at the detection case, the fixed surface of detection test tube is connected with printing opacity glass, printing opacity glass's one side runs through the inner chamber of detection case and extends to the surface of detection case, the top of detection case runs through there is the inlet channel, the top of inlet channel and the top intercommunication of detecting the test tube, and the inner chamber swing joint of inlet channel has the sealing plug, when examining, through the cooperation of detecting test tube and detection case, can be quick detect the water sample, and detect and finish the back through the quick water sample emission of switching valve, can be quick detect the water sample, the detection efficiency of water sample has been increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-a detection box, 2-a detection test tube, 3-light-transmitting glass, 4-a water inlet pipeline, 5-a sealing plug, 6-a drainage pipeline and 7-a switch valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a technical solution: a detection method of heavy metal ions in water comprises the following steps:
step one, detecting water extraction: taking ten clean and sealed test tubes to a detection water area, taking water from a shallow layer, a middle layer and a deep layer for two times respectively, stirring water flow to mix water at different depths, taking water from the mixed surface layer and the mixed middle layer for two times respectively, detecting the temperature of a water body after taking, packaging the test tubes of the water sample, and keeping the ambient temperature the same as the temperature of the water body at the water taking position;
step two, preparation of a detection environment: processing an indoor environment, and directly illuminating the indoor environment to the front of the instrument; drying and ventilating, and preventing direct sunlight and strong corrosive gas; is provided with a hand washing sink and a workbench; an air conditioner is arranged, the room temperature is kept within the range of 15-25 ℃, the ground placed in the detection box 1 is flat, horizontal, corrosion-resistant and vibration-free, distilled water without metal ions is adopted to wash the water inlet pipeline 4 and the detection test tube 2, drying treatment is carried out after washing is finished,
step three, mixing water and a heavy metal color reagent: wearing the anti-corrosion rubber gloves and the protective glasses, opening a sealing plug 5, dropping two identical groups of different heavy metal color developing reagents into adjacent detection test tubes 2 through droppers respectively, then selecting distilled water without heavy metal ions, dropping the distilled water every other water inlet pipeline 4, then pouring the shallow water sample packaged and treated in the step one into the detection test tubes 2 without the distilled water through the water inlet pipelines 4 respectively, stirring the water sample in the detection test tubes 2 through a stirring rod, standing for 5 minutes after stirring for one minute, observing color developing results, comparing the color developing results with the color developing results of the distilled water according to the color developing results of the different heavy metal color developing reagents, then recording the detection results, and repeating the steps to detect the middle-layer water sample and the shallow water sample in the step one in sequence;
step four, detecting the mixed water sample: wearing the anti-corrosion rubber gloves and the protective glasses, opening a sealing plug 5, dropping two identical groups of different heavy metal color developing reagents into adjacent detection test tubes 2 through droppers respectively, then selecting distilled water without heavy metal ions, dropping the distilled water every other water inlet pipeline 4, then pouring the water samples of the mixed surface layers packaged and treated in the step one into the detection test tubes 2 without the distilled water through the water inlet pipelines 4 respectively, stirring the water samples in the detection test tubes 2 through a stirring rod, stirring for one minute at the speed of 15 revolutions per minute, standing for 5 minutes, observing color developing results, comparing the color developing results of the different heavy metal color developing reagents with the color developing results of the distilled water, then recording the detection results, and repeating the steps to detect the water samples of the mixed middle layers in the step one in sequence;
step five, processing after detection: after the detection is finished, the switch valve 7 is opened, the water sample of the mixed heavy metal color reagent is discharged, then the water inlet pipeline 4, the detection test tube 2 and the drainage pipeline 6 are washed by distilled water, the washed water and the water sample of the mixed heavy metal color reagent are subjected to filtration and harmless treatment, water is discharged, then the switch valve 7 is closed, and the water inlet pipeline 4 is sealed by the sealing plug 5.
The invention also discloses a detection device of the detection method of the heavy metal ions in the water, which comprises a detection box 1, wherein the inner cavity of the detection box 1 is fixedly connected with a detection test tube 2, the surface of the detection test tube 2 is fixedly connected with a light-transmitting glass 3, one side of the light-transmitting glass 3 penetrates through the inner cavity of the detection box 1 and extends to the surface of the detection box 1, the top of the detection box 1 is penetrated with a water inlet pipeline 4, the top end of the water inlet pipeline 4 is communicated with the top end of the detection test tube 2, the inner cavity of the water inlet pipeline 4 is movably connected with a sealing plug 5, the bottom end of the detection test tube 2 is communicated with a drainage pipeline 6, the bottom end of the drainage pipeline 6 penetrates through the inner cavity of the detection box 1 and extends to the lower part of the detection box 1, the surface of the drainage pipeline 6 is fixedly connected with a switch valve 7, the detection test tubes 2 are uniformly distributed in, can be quick detect the water sample to detect through the quick water sample emission of switch valve 7 after finishing, can be quick detect the water sample, increased the detection efficiency of water sample.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A detection method of heavy metal ions in water quality is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, detecting water extraction: taking ten clean and sealed test tubes to a detection water area, taking water from a shallow layer, a middle layer and a deep layer for two times respectively, stirring water flow to mix water at different depths, taking water from the mixed surface layer and the mixed middle layer for two times respectively, detecting the temperature of a water body after taking, packaging the test tubes of the water sample, and keeping the ambient temperature the same as the temperature of the water body at the water taking position;
step two, preparation of a detection environment: processing an indoor environment, and directly illuminating the indoor environment to the front side of the instrument (a 40W fluorescent lamp); drying and ventilating, and preventing direct sunlight and strong corrosive gas; is provided with a hand washing sink and a workbench; an air conditioner is arranged, the room temperature is kept within the range of 15-25 ℃, the ground placed in the detection box (1) is flat, horizontal, corrosion-resistant and vibration-free, the water inlet pipeline (4) and the detection test tube (2) are washed by distilled water without metal ions, and after washing, drying treatment is carried out,
step three, mixing water and a heavy metal color reagent: wearing the anti-corrosion rubber gloves and the protective glasses, opening a sealing plug (5), dropping two identical groups of different heavy metal color developing reagents into adjacent detection test tubes (2) through droppers respectively, then selecting distilled water without heavy metal ions, dropping the distilled water every other water inlet pipeline (4), then pouring the shallow water sample packaged and treated in the step one into the detection test tubes (2) without the distilled water through the water inlet pipelines (4), stirring the water sample in the detection test tubes (2) through a stirring rod, standing for 5 minutes after stirring for one minute, observing color developing results, comparing the color developing results of the different heavy metal color developing reagents with the color developing results of the distilled water, then recording the detection results, and repeating the steps to detect the middle-layer water sample and the shallow water sample in the step one in sequence;
step four, detecting the mixed water sample: wearing the anti-corrosion rubber gloves and the protective glasses, opening the sealing plug (5) to drip two same groups of different heavy metal color developing reagents into the adjacent detection test tubes (2) respectively through the dropper, then distilled water without heavy metal ions is selected, the distilled water is dripped into every other water inlet pipeline (4), then pouring the water sample of the mixed surface layer packaged and processed in the step one into a detection test tube (2) without distilled water through a water inlet pipeline (4) respectively, stirring the water sample in the detection test tube (2) by a stirring rod, stirring for one minute at the speed of 15 r/min, standing for 5 minutes, observing the color development result, comparing the color development result of different heavy metal color development reagents with the color development result of distilled water, then recording the detection result, and repeating the steps to sequentially detect the mixed middle-layer water sample in the step one;
step five, processing after detection: after the detection is finished, the switch valve (7) is opened, the water sample mixed with the heavy metal color developing reagent is discharged, then the water inlet pipeline (4), the detection test tube (2) and the drainage pipeline (6) are washed by distilled water, the washed water and the water sample mixed with the heavy metal color developing reagent are subjected to filtration and harmless treatment, water is discharged, then the switch valve (7) is closed, and the water inlet pipeline (4) is sealed by the sealing plug (5).
2. The method for detecting heavy metal ions in water according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a detection box (1), wherein the inner cavity of the detection box (1) is fixedly connected with a detection test tube (2), the surface of the detection test tube (2) is fixedly connected with light-transmitting glass (3), and one side of the light-transmitting glass (3) penetrates through the inner cavity of the detection box (1) and extends to the surface of the detection box (1).
3. The method for detecting heavy metal ions in water according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the top of detection case (1) is run through and is had inlet channel (4), the top of inlet channel (4) and the top intercommunication that detects test tube (2) to the inner chamber swing joint of inlet channel (4) has sealing plug (5).
4. The method for detecting heavy metal ions in water according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bottom intercommunication of detecting test tube (2) has drainage pipe (6), the inner chamber that detects case (1) is run through and extend to detection case (1) below to the bottom of drainage pipe (6), the fixed surface of drainage pipe (6) is connected with ooff valve (7).
5. The method for detecting heavy metal ions in water according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the detection test tubes (2) are arranged in a plurality of cavities and are uniformly distributed in the detection box (1).
6. The method for detecting heavy metal ions in water according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) filtering the water sample in the step one to filter out internal solid impurities.
7. The method for detecting heavy metal ions in water according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rotating speed in the third step is 15 revolutions per minute.
8. The method for detecting heavy metal ions in water according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the water sample is detected, the water sample does not contact metal substances.
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