CN110985079B - Energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method - Google Patents
Energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110985079B CN110985079B CN201911165258.6A CN201911165258A CN110985079B CN 110985079 B CN110985079 B CN 110985079B CN 201911165258 A CN201911165258 A CN 201911165258A CN 110985079 B CN110985079 B CN 110985079B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
Abstract
The invention discloses an energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method, which belongs to the technical field of mine safety, and is characterized in that based on the energy-absorbing characteristic of a porous dielectric material, 5D section steel fibers with bent hooks at the end parts are added into foam concrete in a certain proportion to further improve the strength of the concrete, and the concrete is applied to an impact ground pressure support structure to construct a metal template + foam concrete + anchor rope energy-absorbing anti-seismic support system, so that a large amount of impact energy can be effectively absorbed, the action of a dynamic load is buffered, the safety degree of a roadway is improved, and the disaster caused by impact ground pressure is reduced and avoided. The support system of the invention has obvious attenuation and absorption effects on the impact stress wave, eliminates or weakens the impact disaster degree, effectively prevents the impact mine pressure, can reduce the impact load by more than 60 percent compared with the prior art, improves the stability of the roadway, and has simple process and strong operability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine safety, and particularly relates to an energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method.
Background
Rock burst is a sudden dynamic disaster in the coal mining process, and due to the sudden and violent release of high stress and high energy accumulated in coal and rock masses, the mining space usually collapses, falls and even closes and blocks instantly. The seismic source disturbance type impact is an impact caused by that a disturbance source (blasting or roof board breaking) is separated from a rock pressure generating place by a certain distance, vibration energy is transmitted through rock stratum breaking, rotation and the like, or the rock stratum is broken to fracture surface sliding or fault activation.
The foam concrete is a porous ultralight material which is mainly prepared from siliceous materials (quartz sand, slag, fly ash, shale, and the like), calcareous materials (lime, cement), a proper amount of air entraining agent and processes of stirring, building, and the like. The foam structure is internally distributed with a large number of pores, so that the foam concrete has remarkable impact resistance and energy absorption characteristics, can absorb impact kinetic energy when being damaged, and in addition, impact waves in free surfaces in the pores of the concrete material can have the effects of multiple refraction, reflection, superposition and the like, the effect can further weaken the energy of the impact waves so as to achieve the effect of energy absorption, and the impact resistance and the energy absorption are mainly realized by the deformation and the damage of the foam concrete layer in the practical engineering application. The foam concrete is mainly applied to the aspects of civil air defense, military, vehicle arresting systems, structural earthquake resistance and the like.
In the prior art, the problem of damage caused by strong shock waves cannot be solved by enhancing the self strength of surrounding rocks of a roadway and improving the bearing capacity of a support. According to the invention, based on the energy absorption characteristic of the porous dielectric material, 5D section steel fibers with hooks at the end parts are added into the foam concrete in a certain proportion to further improve the strength of the concrete, and the foam concrete is applied to a rock burst supporting structure to construct a metal template, foam concrete and anchor rope energy-absorption anti-seismic supporting system, so that a large amount of impact energy can be effectively absorbed, the action of dynamic load is buffered, the safety degree of a roadway is improved, and rock burst disasters are reduced and avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an energy-absorbing and impact-resisting roadway support method, which improves the anti-seismic and impact-resisting capabilities of a roadway by adopting a combined support system of metal templates, foam concrete and anchor cables, and adopts the specific technical scheme that the energy-absorbing and impact-resisting roadway support method comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, tunneling a tunnel, wherein the width of a tunneling section of the tunnel is 1-4 m wider than the designed section of the tunnel, the height of the tunneling section of the tunnel is 1-4 m higher than the designed section of the tunnel, then, supporting a top plate and two sides of the tunneling section of the tunnel by using anchor rods, wherein the length of each anchor rod is 1.8-2.4 m, the spacing of the anchor rods is 800-1200 mm, and the row spacing is 800-1200 mm;
step 2: laying a metal template on the lagging tunneling working surface by 30-50 m, wherein the section of the metal template is a rectangle without a bottom edge or a straight wall arch, and the length of the metal template is 3-5 m;
and step 3: adding 2-4% by volume of steel fibers into the prefabricated foam concrete, and filling paste foam concrete between the metal template and the wall of the tunneling roadway from bottom to top by using a concrete filling pump for coal mines;
and 4, step 4: after the foam concrete reaches the designed strength level, mounting anchor cables on a roadway top plate and two sides formed by the metal template to the deep surrounding rock, wherein the anchoring section is positioned in a firm coal rock mass area outside the foam concrete;
and 5: paving a layer of foam concrete with the thickness of 500mm on the bottom surface of the tunneling roadway, and paving a layer of common concrete with the thickness of 300mm after the foam concrete reaches the designed strength level to form a roadway bottom plate;
the energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method comprises the following steps:
in the step 2, the metal template is formed by splicing prefabricated steel plates in an underground roadway, and holes for mounting anchor cables are distributed on the surface of the metal template;
in the step 2, the width and the height of the metal template are determined by combining the design section of the roadway, wherein the width is the width of the design section of the roadway, and the height is the sum of the height of the design section of the roadway and the thickness of concrete paved on the bottom surface of the driving roadway;
in the step 3, the steel fiber is 5D 65/60BG steel fiber with a hook at the end part;
in the step 4, the design strength grade of the foam concrete is not less than C20;
in the step 4, the distance between the anchor cables is 1200-2000 mm, the row pitch is 1200-2000 mm, the length of the anchor cables is 4-7 m, and the length of the anchoring section is 2-5 m;
in the step 5, the design strength grade of the foam concrete is not less than C20.
Compared with the prior art, the energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the invention adopts a combined supporting system of metal templates, foam concrete and anchor cables to support the roadway, when impact vibration occurs, the strong impact load transmitted from an impact seismic source can be greatly weakened under the action of the supporting system.
Secondly, the support system plays an obvious attenuation and absorption effect on the impact stress wave, eliminates or weakens the impact disaster degree, effectively prevents the impact mine pressure, and compared with the prior art, the support system can reduce the impact load by more than 60 percent and improve the stability of the roadway.
The method has the advantages of simple process, strong operability, important practical significance and social benefit in the aspects of ensuring safe and efficient mining of coal mines, saving production cost, improving economic benefit, maintaining social stability and the like, and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a roadway section in the energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method of the invention: 1-anchor rod, 2-anchor cable, 3-foam concrete, 4-metal template, 5-tunneling roadway bottom surface, 6-bottom surface foam concrete and 7-common concrete.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following description and the accompanying drawing 1, but the invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
An energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, tunneling a roadway, wherein the size of the section of the roadway is designed in a combined manner: the width multiplied by the height is 5m multiplied by 3m, and the size of the tunneling section is determined as follows: width × height ═ 6m × 4.3 m; then, supporting a top plate and two sides of a roadway driving section by using anchor rods 1, wherein the length of each anchor rod 1 is 1.8m, the distance between every two anchor rods 1 is 1200mm, and the row spacing is 1200 mm;
step 2: laying a metal template 4 on a lagging tunneling working surface 50m, wherein the section of the metal template 4 is a rectangle without a bottom edge or a straight wall arch, and the length of the metal template 4 is 5 m;
and step 3: adding 2% by volume of steel fiber into the prefabricated foam concrete, and filling the pasty foam concrete 3 between the metal template 4 and the wall of the tunneling roadway from bottom to top by adopting a concrete filling pump for coal mine;
and 4, step 4: after the foam concrete 3 reaches the designed strength level, mounting anchor cables 2 on a roadway top plate and two sides formed by the metal template 4 to the deep surrounding rock, wherein the anchoring section is positioned in a firm coal rock mass area outside the foam concrete 3;
and 5: paving a layer of bottom surface foam concrete 6 with the thickness of 500mm on the bottom surface 5 of the tunneling roadway, and paving a layer of common concrete 7 with the thickness of 300mm after the bottom surface foam concrete 6 reaches the designed strength level to form a roadway bottom plate; the cross-sectional layout is schematically shown in FIG. 1;
the energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method comprises the following steps:
in the step 2, the metal template 4 is formed by splicing prefabricated steel plates in an underground roadway, and holes for mounting anchor cables are distributed on the surface of the metal template 4;
in the step 2, the width and the height of the metal template 4 are determined by combining the design section of the roadway, wherein the width is the width of the design section of the roadway, and the height is the sum of the height of the design section of the roadway and the thickness of concrete paved on the bottom surface 5 of the driving roadway;
in the step 3, the steel fiber is 5D 65/60BG steel fiber with a hook at the end part;
in the step 4, the design strength grade of the foam concrete 3 is C20;
in the step 4, the distance between the anchor cables 2 is 2000mm, the row pitch is 2000mm, the length of each anchor cable 2 is 4m, and the length of each anchor section is 2 m;
in the step 5, the design strength grade of the bottom surface foam concrete 6 is C20.
The test of the embodiment shows that under the action of strong impact load, the impact load of the roadway is reduced by 80%, and the deformation of the surface of the roadway is small.
Example 2
An energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, tunneling a roadway, wherein the size of the section of the roadway is designed in a combined manner: the width multiplied by the height is 5m multiplied by 3m, and the size of the tunneling section is determined as follows: width × height ═ 9m × 5.8 m. Then, supporting a top plate and two sides of a roadway driving section by using anchor rods 1, wherein the length of each anchor rod 1 is 2.4m, the distance between the anchor rods 1 is 800mm, and the row spacing is 800 mm;
step 2: laying a metal template 4 on a lagging tunneling working surface by 30m, wherein the section of the metal template 4 is a rectangle without a bottom edge or a straight wall arch, and the length of the metal template 4 is 3 m;
and step 3: adding 4% by volume of steel fiber into the prefabricated foam concrete, and filling the pasty foam concrete 3 between the metal template 4 and the wall of the tunneling roadway from bottom to top by adopting a concrete filling pump for coal mine;
and 4, step 4: after the foam concrete 3 reaches the designed strength level, mounting anchor cables 2 on a roadway top plate and two sides formed by the metal template 4 to the deep surrounding rock, wherein the anchoring section is positioned in a firm coal rock mass area outside the foam concrete 3;
and 5: paving a layer of bottom surface foam concrete 6 with the thickness of 500mm on the bottom surface 5 of the tunneling roadway, and paving a layer of common concrete 7 with the thickness of 300mm after the bottom surface foam concrete 6 reaches the designed strength level to form a roadway bottom plate; the cross-sectional layout is schematically shown in FIG. 1;
the energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method comprises the following steps:
in the step 2, the metal template 4 is formed by splicing prefabricated steel plates in an underground roadway, and holes for mounting anchor cables are distributed on the surface of the metal template 4;
in the step 2, the width and the height of the metal template 4 are determined by combining the design section of the roadway, wherein the width is the width of the design section of the roadway, and the height is the sum of the height of the design section of the roadway and the thickness of concrete paved on the bottom surface 5 of the driving roadway;
in the step 3, the steel fiber is 5D 65/60BG steel fiber with a hook at the end part;
in the step 4, the design strength grade of the foam concrete 3 is C20;
in the step 4, the distance between the anchor cables 2 is 1200mm, the row pitch is 1200mm, the length of each anchor cable 2 is 7m, and the length of each anchor section is 5 m;
in the step 5, the design strength grade of the bottom surface foam concrete 6 is C20.
According to the test, under the action of strong impact load, the impact load of the roadway is reduced by 70%, and the deformation of the surface of the roadway is small.
Claims (6)
1. An energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, tunneling a tunnel, wherein the width of a tunneling section of the tunnel is 1-4 m wider than the designed section of the tunnel, the height of the tunneling section of the tunnel is 1-4 m higher than the designed section of the tunnel, then, supporting a top plate and two sides of the tunneling section of the tunnel by using anchor rods, wherein the length of each anchor rod is 1.8-2.4 m, the spacing of the anchor rods is 800-1200 mm, and the row spacing is 800-1200 mm;
step 2: laying a metal template on the lagging tunneling working surface by 30-50 m, wherein the section of the metal template is a rectangle without a bottom edge or a straight wall arch, and the length of the metal template is 3-5 m;
and step 3: adding 2-4% by volume of steel fibers into the prefabricated foam concrete, wherein the steel fibers adopt 5D 65/60 BG-end hook-type steel fibers, and filling paste foam concrete between a metal template and the wall of a tunneling roadway from bottom to top by using a concrete filling pump for coal mines;
and 4, step 4: after the foam concrete reaches the designed strength level, mounting anchor cables on a roadway top plate and two sides formed by the metal template to the deep surrounding rock, wherein the anchoring section is positioned in a firm coal rock mass area outside the foam concrete;
and 5: and paving a layer of foam concrete with the thickness of 500mm on the bottom surface of the tunneling roadway, and paving a layer of common concrete with the thickness of 300mm after the foam concrete reaches the designed strength level to form a roadway bottom plate.
2. The energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the metal formwork is formed by splicing prefabricated steel plates in an underground roadway, and holes for installing anchor cables are distributed on the surface of the metal formwork.
3. The energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the width and height of the metal formwork are determined by combining the design section of the roadway, the width is the width of the design section of the roadway, and the height is the sum of the height of the design section of the roadway and the thickness of concrete paved on the bottom surface of the driving roadway.
4. The method for supporting roadway with energy absorption and impact resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the design strength grade of the foam concrete is not less than C20.
5. The energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the spacing between the anchor cables is 1200-2000 mm, the row spacing is 1200-2000 mm, the length of the anchor cables is 4-7 m, and the length of the anchor section is 2-5 m.
6. The method for supporting roadway with energy absorption and impact resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the design strength grade of the foam concrete is not less than C20.
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| CN201911165258.6A CN110985079B (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2019-11-25 | Energy-absorbing impact-resistant roadway support method |
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| CN112049659B (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2022-08-30 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Rock burst roadway bottom plate buffering and damping structure and arrangement method thereof |
| CN112595480B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-08-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Roadway hydraulic energy-absorbing support analog simulation experiment device |
| CN113309539A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-08-27 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Tunnel supporting structure with shock attenuation and stress early warning effect |
| CN114483086A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-05-13 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Energy-absorbing composite supporting system for protective tunnel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| SU977811A1 (en) * | 1981-02-25 | 1982-11-30 | Ленинградский Ордена Ленина,Ордена Октябрьской Революции И Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Горный Институт Им.Г.В.Плеханова | Anchor support for mining workings |
| JP2001227290A (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2001-08-24 | Meiko:Kk | Construction method for preventing fall of through-part retaining wall |
| JP3483857B2 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2004-01-06 | 羽田コンクリート工業株式会社 | Reinforcement structure of concrete structure |
| CN101975073B (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2013-08-07 | 王晓利 | Retractable concrete arch and anchor rod combined support system and construction method |
| DE102011009266B4 (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2014-01-23 | Otto Zwick | Knautschtübbing for tunnel shells |
| CN202325548U (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-07-11 | 西安科技大学 | Secondary yielding uniform pressure supporting structure of roadway surrounding rock under high ground stress |
| CN103061788A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-04-24 | 江苏建筑职业技术学院 | Loose broken tunnel top plate reinforcing and supporting method |
| CN204060720U (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2014-12-31 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | A kind of inverted arch structure being applicable to soft rock tunnel |
| CN204691789U (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-10-07 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | A kind of adjustable tunnel support structure |
| CN204738817U (en) * | 2015-05-16 | 2015-11-04 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | Flexible supporting construction pattern in tunnel |
| CN106988763A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-07-28 | 长春黄金研究院 | A kind of spray foam concrete carries out the method that supporting prevents and treats rock burst hazard |
| CN106988759A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-07-28 | 中南林业科技大学 | Lining also serves as the tunnel structure of buffer layer at the beginning of foam concrete |
| CN207111104U (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2018-03-16 | 中交基础设施养护集团有限公司 | A kind of big cross section pole Support System in Soft Rock Tunnels tunneling boring yield supporting structure |
| CN208396724U (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-01-18 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司常村煤矿 | A kind of mine laneway composite supporting construction |
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