CN110982086A - 一种主客体组装的超分子聚合物及其制备和识别汞离子的应用 - Google Patents
一种主客体组装的超分子聚合物及其制备和识别汞离子的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明设计合成了一种主客体组装的超分子聚合物,是以罗丹明酰肼功能化的柱[5]芳烃(APRA)为主体化合物,以双边6碳吡啶盐(G)为客体化合物,在DMSO‑H2O体系中通过自组装形成主客体组装的超分子聚合物。在该超分子聚合物的DMSO‑H2O溶液中,分别加入一系列阳离子的DMSO溶液,只有Hg2+的加入可使超分子聚合物DMSO‑H2O溶液的荧光打开并变为粉色荧光,同时溶液颜色由无色变为红色,因此可用于荧光紫外双通道高选择性、高灵敏度的识别Hg2+;这种识别性能在离子识别领域具有重要的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能够单一选择性识别汞离子的主客体组装的超分子聚合物;本发明同时还涉及该超分子聚合物在DMSO-H2O溶液中荧光识别Hg2+的应用,属于化学合成领域、阳离子检测领域。
背景技术
汞离子(Hg2+)是一种常见的重金属,主要来源于化工产品。它在食物循环中起着作用,就像它存在于某些鱼类中一样。即使在低浓度下,Hg2+也会对人体功能造成很大的危害。在过去的几十年里,Hg2+的检测主要依靠大型的专用设备,通常需要很长的时间才能实现。近年来,制备了许多简单的汞离子检测传感器,包括显色和荧光传感器、贵金属纳米粒子(NPs)、荧光纳米团簇(NCS)、量子点(QDs)、碳纳米点,和表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)。然而,这些方法要么昂贵(使用贵金属如Au或Ag),要么需要特殊的解决方案。目前,显色和荧光探针在化学传感器领域有着巨大的发展潜力。
柱芳烃作为一种新型的大环主体化合物,它的空腔带有富电性,与电子贫乏的化合物有很强的相互作用。此外,柱芳烃的刚性结构和易于功能化使它们在构建超分子聚合物方面具有独特的优势。罗丹明B具有激发波长、光稳定性好、荧光量子产率高、水溶性好、毒性小等优点,是一种很有前途的Hg2+检测基质。罗丹明对内酰胺的“关闭”作用使其能够鉴别特定的金属离子。。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种主客体组装的超分子聚合物及其合成方法;
本发明的另一目的是对该主客体组装的超分子聚合物在荧光紫外双通道识别Hg2+中的具体应用。
一、主客体组装的超分子聚合物
本发明主客体组装的超分子聚合物,是以罗丹明酰肼功能化的柱[5]芳烃(APRA)为主体化合物,以双边6碳吡啶盐(G)为客体化合物,在DMSO-H2O体系中以等当量通过自组装形成主客体组装的超分子聚合物。
其中,主体化合物APRA的制备:在乙醇溶剂中,对羟基苯甲醛功能化的柱芳烃和罗丹明酰肼以1:1~1:2摩尔比,于80~85℃下反应7~8h;反应结束后采用硅胶柱层析分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1),所得粉红色固体产物即为APRA。其分子式为:C85H94N4O13,结构式为:
主体分子APRA的质谱图、氢谱图分别见图1、图2。
客体化合物双边6碳吡啶盐G的合成:在乙腈溶剂中,吡啶和1,6-二溴己烷以2:1~3:1的摩尔比,于80~85℃下反应7~8h;反应结束后冷却至室温,析出白色固体,乙醇重结晶,得到客体化合物G。具体参见文献(Q. Lin,; K. P. Zhong,; J. H. Zhu,; L. Ding,; J.-X. Su,; H. Yao,; T. B. Wei,; and Y. M. Zhang,; Macromolecules 50(2017), 7863−7871)。客体化合物G的分子式为C16H22N2,结构式为:
上述DMSO-H2O中,H2O的体积百分数为10~90%。
三、主客体组装的超分子聚合物对Hg2+的识别
1、主客体组装的超分子聚合物对Hg2+的荧光识别
移取2 mL超分子传感聚合物APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液(CAPRA-G=2×10-4M,VDMSO: V水= 3:2)于一系列比色管中,分别加入Mg2+,Ca2+,Cr3+,Fe3+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Ag+, Cd2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,Ba2+,Al3+,La3+,Eu3+和 Hg2+的DMSO溶液(C=4×10-3M),观察溶液荧光的变化。
图3为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液中分别加入不同阳离子的荧光全扫描(λex=380 nm)。图3的结果显示,只有Hg2+的加入,能使传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液的荧光打开并变为粉红色(传感器分子APRA-G在DMSO-H2O溶液本没有荧光),而其他阳离子溶液的加入不能使传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液的荧光打开。因此,APRA-G在DMSO-H2O溶液中能够单一选择性荧光识别Hg2+。
在此基础上分别加入不同阳离子的荧光抗干扰图。结果如图4所示,传感器分子APRA-G在DMSO-H2O溶液中荧光识别Hg2+不受其他阳离子的干扰。
图7、9分别为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液中加入Hg2+的荧光滴定图及Hg2+的荧光最低检测限。显示,Hg2+的荧光最低检测线为1.69×10-8M。超分子聚合物(APRA-G)可高灵敏检测Hg2+。
2、主客体组装的超分子传感器对Hg2+的紫外识别
移取2 mL超分子传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液(CAPRA-G=2×10-4M,VDMSO: V水= 3:2)于一系列比色管中,分别加入Mg2+,Ca2+,Cr3+,Fe3+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Ag+, Cd2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,Ba2+,Al3+,La3+,Eu3+和 Hg2+的DMSO溶液(C=4×10-3M),观察溶液颜色的变化。
图5为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液中分别加入不同阳离子的紫外全扫描(λex=505 nm)。图5的结果显示,只有Hg2+的加入,能使传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液的颜色由原来的无色变为粉红色。而其他阳离子溶液的加入不能使传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液的颜色发生变化。因此,APRA-G在DMSO-H2O溶液中能够单一选择性紫外识别Hg2+。
在此基础上分别加入不同阳离子的紫外抗干扰图。结果如图6所示,传感器分子APRA-G在DMSO-H2O溶液中紫外识别Hg2+不受其他阳离子的干扰。
图8、10分别为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液中加入Hg2+的紫外滴定图及对Hg2+的紫外最低检测限。显示,Hg2+的紫外最低检测限为4.06×10-7M。
实验表明,DMSO-H2O中,H2O的体积百分数为10~90%,APRA-G均能够单一选择性紫外识别Hg2+,而且随着含水量的增加,APRA-G-Hg2+的荧光强度逐渐降低。
4、识别机理分析
图11为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的主客体核磁滴定图。如图11,客体G上的H1、H2、H3质子向高场移位。同时,柱[5]芳烃的甲氧基氢质子H5和芳环氢质子H6向低场移动。结果表明,通过APRA与G之间的相互作用,客体吡啶环进入到柱[5]芳烃的空腔中,通过主客体包结,形成超分子聚合物。
在DMSO-H2O溶液中,超分子传感器APRA-G能与Hg2+开环配位形成配合物APRA-G-Hg,同时荧光变为粉红色,溶液颜色变为红色。图12为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的汞离子核磁滴定图。从图12可以看出,当Hg2+加入到APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液中后,主体APRA-G的N=C-H氢质子峰先向高场移动;汞离子加入6倍当量时又向低场移动,说明Hg2+首先使APRA-G的罗丹明酰肼环单元进行开环进而与-C=O和-N配位,致使荧光重新打开,呈现红色荧光;溶液颜色变为红色。基于该原理,超分子聚合物(APRA-G)可以用于吸附分离水中的Hg2+。
附图说明
图1为本发明传感器主体分子APRA的质谱图;
图2为本发明传感器主体分子APRA的氢谱图;
图3为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液中分别加入不同阳离子的荧光全扫描(λex=380 nm);
图4为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液中加入Hg2+,在此基础上分别加入不同阳离子的荧光抗干扰图;
图5为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液中分别加入不同阳离子的紫外全扫描(λex=505 nm);
图6为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液中加入Hg2+,在此基础上分别加入不同阳离子的紫外抗干扰图;
图7为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液中加入Hg2+的荧光滴定图;
图8为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液中加入Hg2+的紫外滴定图;
图9为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液中加入Hg2+的荧光最低检测限;
图10为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液中加入Hg2+的紫外最低检测限;
图11为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的主客体核磁滴定图;
图12为本发明传感器分子APRA-G的汞离子核磁滴定图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明传感器分子APRA-G的制备和荧光识别Hg2+的应用做进一步说明。
实施例1、主客体组装的超分子传感器的合成
(1)主体APRA的合成:取0.940g(0.001mol)羟基苯甲醛功能化的柱芳烃,0.68g(0.0015mol)罗丹明酰肼,加入到50mL乙醇中,再加入3-4滴乙酸做催化剂,于85℃下反应8h;反应结束后采用硅胶柱层析法(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)过柱,所得产物粉红色固体,即为主体分子APRA。产率为56%。主体分子APRA的合成路线为:
(2)客体分子G的制备:取1.98g(0.025mol)吡啶,1.244g(0.01mol)1,6-二溴己烷,加入到50mL乙腈,于85℃下反应8h,反应结束,冷却至室温,析出白色固体,用乙醇重结晶,得到客体分子G。其合成式如下:
(3)超分子聚合物的合成:配制25ml浓度为2×10-4mol/L的主体APRA的DMSO-H2O(6:4v/v)溶液,加入相同当量的客体分子G, 主体APRA分子与客体G通过主客体包结相互作用,使吡啶环进入柱芳烃的空腔中,进而形成超分子聚合物。
实施例2、APRA-G荧光识别Hg2+
移取2 ml超分子传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液(CAPRA-G=2×10-4M,V DMSO: V 水= 3:2)于一系列比色管中,分别加入Mg2+,Ca2+,Cr3+,Fe3+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Ag+, Cd2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,Ba2+,Al3+,La3+,Eu3+和 Hg2+的DMSO溶液(C=4×10-3M),若传感器分子的DMSO-H2O溶液荧光打开并变为粉红色,说明加入的是Hg2+,若传感器分子的荧光没有发生变化,则说明加入的不是Hg2+。
实施例3、APRA-G紫外识别Hg2+
移取2 ml超分子传感器分子APRA-G的DMSO-H2O溶液(CAPRA-G=2×10-4M,V DMSO: V 水= 3:2)于一系列比色管中,分别加入Mg2+,Ca2+,Cr3+,Fe3+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Ag+, Cd2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,Ba2+,Al3+,La3+,Eu3+和 Hg2+的DMSO溶液(C=4×10-3M),若传感器分子的DMSO-H2O溶液的颜色有原来的无色变为粉红色,说明加入的是Hg2+,若传感器分子的DMSO-H2O溶液颜色没有发生变化,则说明加入的不是Hg2+。
实施例4、超分子聚合物对水体中Hg2+吸附
将Hg2+配置成浓度为1×10-3mol/L,体积为5ml的溶液,加入相同当量的APRA-G固体,在磁力搅拌器作用下搅拌3天,最后测试汞离子的残留浓度仅仅为3.189×10-6mol/L。结果:超分子聚合物对水体中Hg2+吸附率高达99.68%。
Claims (6)
2.如权利要求1所述一种主客体组装的超分子聚合物,其特征在于:DMSO-H2O体系中,H2O的体积百分数为10~90%。
3.如权利要求1所述主客体组装的超分子聚合物在识别Hg2+中的应用。
4.如权利要求3所述主客体组装的超分子聚合物在识别Hg2+中的应用,其特征在于:在主客体组装的超分子聚合物的DMSO-H2O溶液中,分别加入Mg2+,Ca2+,Cr3+,Fe3+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2 +,Ag+, Cd2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,Ba2+,Al3+,La3+,Eu3+和 Hg2+的DMSO溶液,只有Hg2+的加入可使超分子聚合物DMSO-H2O溶液的产生粉红色荧光。
5.如权利要求3所述一种主客体组装的超分子聚合物在识别Hg2+中的应用,其特征在于:在超分子聚合物的DMSO-H2O溶液中,分别加入Mg2+,Ca2+,Cr3+,Fe3+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Ag+,Cd2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,Ba2+,Al3+,La3+,Eu3+和 Hg2+的DMSO溶液,只有Hg2+的加入可使超分子聚合物DMSO-H2O溶液的颜色由无色变为粉红色。
6.如权利要求3所述一种主客体组装的超分子聚合物在识别Hg2+中的应用,其特征在于:DMSO-H2O体系中,H2O的体积百分数为10~90%。
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