CN108912182B - 一种铝、铬离子多通道响应探针及其合成方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种铝、铬离子多通道响应探针及其合成方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铝、铬离子多通道响应探针及其合成方法与应用,探针分子为2‑二茂铁基咪唑‑4,5‑二杂芳基衍生物。探针分子特有的整体结构可以使其有选择地与Al3+、Cr3+离子结合,并以二茂铁为电信号响应中心,以咪唑及芳香杂环为光信号响应中心,通过荧光、电化学、比色等信号的改变对Al3+、Cr3+离子做出识别响应。探针分子集成了荧光探针和电化学探针的优点,可以多通道、高选择性地检测Al3+、Cr3+离子,检测下限可达2.21×10‑6~3.06×10‑5M(Al3+离子)和4.54×10‑5M~2.40×10‑5M(Cr3+离子)。本发明的探针结构稳定,合成和使用方法简单,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光电功能材料领域,具体涉及一种铝、铬离子多通道响应探针的设计、合成及其应用。
背景技术
铝、铬元素广泛存在于人类生存环境中。高浓度的铝(Al3+)不仅会对水生动植物产生毒害,而且其在人体内过量累积会导致人类神经系统和消化系统的多种严重疾病。铬(Cr3+)是人体所必需的微量元素之一,对人体内的糖类和脂类代谢有着不可忽视的生理功能,缺乏和过量摄入铬都会影响人体健康。因此,铝、铬离子的选择性识别和定量分析对于相关疾病的有效防治和污染物的监控治理等研究课题都具有重要意义。
近年来,设计和使用有机配体分子来检测金属离子的离子探针法,因其具有操作简便、成本低、对特定离子的灵敏度和选择性高、可实现(细胞内)原位分析和成像等诸多优点,而成为目前研究的一大热点。已报道的铝、铬离子探针大多为荧光探针,基于单一的光学信号响应进行检测,手段相对单一,应用受到一定限制。若在荧光分子中同时引入电化学响应基团则可形成光电双信号响应通道。相比于单一信号响应的离子探针,多信号响应的离子探针能更准确地检测待测物。目前,光电双响应铝、铬离子探针的研究相对较少。
二茂铁具有优良的单电子可逆氧化还原特性,是首选电化学信号报告中心,而且性质稳定,容易进行结构修饰,将其引入具有良好离子配位能力的芳香杂环体系,特别是具有荧光性质的含氮杂环体系中,可制备高选择性的光电双响应离子探针。在众多的含氮杂环中,咪唑环独特的两性结构使其同时具备识别阴离子和阳离子的能力,若在咪唑环上同时引入噻吩、呋喃等荧光配位基团,不但可以增加此类化合物的离子识别位点,而且可以提高其荧光活性。因此包含二茂铁、咪唑环和荧光基团的化合物将是良好的光电双响应离子探针,可实现对特定离子的多通道检测。
发明内容
本发明旨在发展一种基于二茂铁和咪唑的多通道响应探针分子,并将其应用于高灵敏和高选择性地检测Al3+、Cr3+离子。
本发明采用的技术路线如下:
本发明的第一个目的是提供两个检测Al3+、Cr3+离子的多通道响应探针,探针的结构通式如式1所示:
本发明探针的设计:以2-二茂铁基咪唑为母体,在咪唑环的4位和5位上以σ键连接的噻吩基或呋喃基,构建了两条柔性识别侧臂;探针分子中各杂原子间相隔2个C原子,当相邻两个杂原子同时参与配位时,能形成稳定的五元环,提高探针对离子的结合能力;侧臂识别位点位置可随σ键和茂环的旋转而发生变化,高选择性地结合Al3+、Cr3+离子。探针分子以二茂铁为电信号响应单元,以芳香杂环为荧光信号响应单元,可对Al3+、Cr3+离子产生荧光、电化学和比色三重信号响应,提高检测效率。
本发明的第二个目的是提供检测Al3+、Cr3+离子的多通道响应探针的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)氩气保护下,将A mol二茂铁甲醛,B mol 2,2’-二(2-噻吩基)乙二酮或2,2’-二(2-呋喃基)乙二酮,C mol醋酸铵加入到溶剂中,酸催化下加热回流至原料完全反应,得到粗产物,具体可为A∶B∶C=1∶1∶20。
(2)粗产物经中和、水洗、萃取、干燥后减压除去溶剂,柱层析方法提纯后得到离子探针化合物。
其中,步骤(1)中使用的有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环;
其中,步骤(1)反应温度为40~120℃,优选为110℃;
其中,步骤(1)反应的催化剂为有机酸,优选为冰醋酸;
其中,步骤(2)所述的浓缩方法是减压蒸馏法,提纯技术是利用柱层析和重结晶技术来分离提纯产品;
其中,步骤(2)所述,石油醚、甲醇、二氯甲烷等常用溶剂为分析纯,在使用前无需处理。
本发明的第三个目的是提供上述探针在检测Al3+、Cr3+离子中的应用;本发明的探针能通过荧光/电化学/比色手段选择性的检测的Al3+、Cr3+离子。
本发明通过荧光手段选择性检测Al3+/Cr3+离子的方法为:
(1)所述探针与待测样品充分接触,以形成含有经探针和Al3+/Cr3+离子反应得到的化合物的检测体系;
(2)测量所述体系的荧光发射光谱,以确定所述样品中Al3+/Cr3+离子的含量。
本发明通过电化学手段选择性检测Al3+/Cr3+离子的方法为:
(1)所述探针与待测样品充分接触,以形成含有经探针和Al3+/Cr3+离子反应得到的化合物的检测体系;
(2)测量所述体系的电化学性质,以确定所述样品中Al3+/Cr3+离子的含量。
本发明通过比色手段选择性检测Al3+/Cr3+离子的方法为:
(1)所述探针与待测样品充分接触,以形成含有经探针和Al3+/Cr3+离子反应得到的化合物的检测体系;
(2)通过比较或测量所述检测体系颜色改变程度,以确定所述样品中Al3+/Cr3+离子的含量。
电化学测定采用标准三室电极体系,以[(n-C4H9)N]ClO4为支持电解质,在室温条件下利用循环伏安(CV)测定所述体系的电化学性质。
本发明通过荧光、电化学、比色手段检测时所用的溶剂为乙腈和水的混合溶液;探针浓度为1×10-4mol/L;探针和离子结合前后溶液由浅黄变为浅红色。
经实验验证,检测体系中的Al3+/Cr3+离子时,至少不受下列离子的干扰:Na+、Mg2+、Al3+、Ca2+、Cr3+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Sr2+、Ag+、Cd2+、Ba2+、Hg2+和Pb2+。
本发明合成的探针分子,其检测性能采用以下过程进行评价:
荧光光谱评价:配制浓度为1.0×10-4mol/L的探针分子乙腈溶液和2.5×10-3mol/L不同金属离子水溶液。取一定量的探针分子乙腈溶液与1当量金属离子水溶液混合后,用320nm紫外光激发,在350~650nm范围内测定探针分子及其与不同离子混合液的荧光发射光谱。结果表明,Al3+、Cr3+离子对探针分子有明显的荧光增强作用,而其余离子没有显著的变化,这说明探针分子对Al3+、Cr3+离子有明显的荧光识别选择性。
电化学评价:电化学测定采用标准三室电极体系,以[(n-C4H9)N]ClO4为支持电解质,在室温条件下利用循环伏安(CV)测定探针分子及其与不同离子混合液的电化学性质。结果表明,探针分子具有可逆的氧化还原性质;当分别加入1当量的Al3+、Cr3+离子溶液后,探针分子中二茂铁基的氧化电位均明显向阳极移动了240~270mV,其选择性表现为加入其它离子后探针的氧化电位没有明显变化。
现有技术中基于荧光响应识别Al3+、Cr3+离子的分子探针报道较多,但是光电双信号通道响应的Al3+、Cr3+离子的分子探针报道较多还比较少。本发明人发现,结构式1所示的探针分子,其特有的整体结构能够选择性地与Al3+、Cr3+离子结合,实现Al3+、Cr3+离子的多通道、高效率检测。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明的探针以二茂铁为电信号响应中心,以咪唑及芳香杂环为光信号响应中心,具有荧光、电化学、比色等多信号响应功能。探针分子特有的整体结构可以很好地与Al3+、Cr3+离子结合。探针集成了电化学探针和荧光探针的优点,可以多通道、高选择性地检测Al3+、Cr3+离子,检测下限可达2.21×10-6~3.06×10-5M(Al3+离子)和4.54×10-5M~2.40×10-5M(Cr3+离子)。
(2)本发明的探针结构稳定,合成方法简单,具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的探针与不同金属离子作用后的荧光发射光谱。
图2为本发明实施例2的探针与不同金属离子作用后的荧光发射光谱。
图3为本发明实施例1的探针与不同含量Al3+离子作用后的荧光发射光谱。
图4为本发明实施例1的探针与不同含量Cr3+离子作用后的荧光发射光谱。
图5为本发明实施例2的探针与不同含量Al3+离子作用后的荧光发射光谱。
图6为本发明实施例2的探针与不同含量Cr3+离子作用后的荧光发射光谱。
图7为本发明实施例1的探针与不同金属离子作用后的循环伏安图。
图8为本发明实施例2的探针与不同金属离子作用后的循环伏安图。
图9为本发明实施例1的探针与Al3+、Cr3+离子作用后的溶液颜色照片。
图10为本发明实施例2的探针与Al3+、Cr3+离子作用后的溶液颜色照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明进一步详细说明,本发明的实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,而不是用于限定本发明的范围。
本发明荧光探针的合成路线如下:
实施例1
2-二茂铁基-4,5-二(2-噻吩基)咪唑的合成
在氩气保护下,向50mL史莱克瓶中分别加入二茂铁甲醛(100mg,0.47mmol),2,2’-二(2-噻吩基)乙二酮(109mg,0.49mmol),醋酸铵(725mg,9.4mmol),1mL冰乙酸和10mL 1,4二氧六环溶剂。将反应液加热回流,薄层色谱监测反应进程。反应完全后,反应混合液用饱和碳酸钠溶液中和至pH>7。用二氯甲烷萃取,萃取相经水洗,干燥,过滤后,减压除去溶剂。粗产物用柱层析分离(二氯甲烷/甲醇=98∶2,V/V),得35mg黄色晶体,产率为49%,熔点为161-163℃。1H NMR(500MHz,(CD3)2SO,TMS):δ12.40(s,1H),7.67(s,1H),7.39(s,2H),7.19-7.15(d,2H),7.00(s,1H),4.92(t,2H),4.37(t,2H),4.41(s,5H);13C NMR(125MHz,(CD3)2SO,TMS):δ146.42,137.72,132.90,131.24,128.08,127.48,127.22,127.00,124.41,123.03,119.42,74.95,69.22,68.87,66.40;HRMS(ESI,m/z):calcd.for C21H16FeN2S2417.0183[M+H]+,found 417.0183。
实施例2
2-二茂铁基-4,5-二(2-呋喃基)咪唑的合成
在氩气保护下,向50mL史莱克瓶中分别加入二茂铁甲醛(100mg,0.47mmol),2,2’-二(2-呋喃基)乙二酮(93mg,0.49mmol),醋酸铵(725mg,9.4mmol),1mL冰乙酸和10mL 1,4二氧六环溶剂。将反应液加热回流,薄层色谱监测反应进程。反应完全后,反应混合液用饱和碳酸钠溶液中和至pH>7。用二氯甲烷萃取,萃取相用水洗涤后,无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,减压除去溶剂。黄色粗产物用柱层析分离,以二氯甲烷、石油醚/二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯(10∶40∶1,V/V/V)为淋洗剂进行梯度洗脱,得91mg黄色晶体,产率为70%,熔点为236-238℃。1H NMR(500MHz,(CD3)2SO,TMS):δ12.40(s,1H),7.82(s,1H),7.71(s,1H),6.92(s,1H),6.70(s,1H),6.66(s,1H),6.57(s,1H),5.01(d,2H),4.38(d,2H),4.12(d,5H);13C NMR(125MHz,(CD3)2SO,TMS):δ149.45,146.98,144.73,142.17,141.53,129.04,118.20,111.86,111.31,107.77,106.51,74.78,69.20,68.96,66.50;HRMS(ESI,m/z):calcd.for C21H16FeN2O2385.0639[M+H]+,found 385.0650。
实施例3
荧光检测探针对各离子的作用
分别在100mL容量瓶中配制1×10-4mol/L的实施例1和实施例2的探针分子乙腈溶液,在25mL容量瓶中,配制浓度为2.5×10-3mol/L的不同金属离子水溶液;用移液枪从容量瓶中分别取出2mL 1×10-4mol/L的探针分子乙腈溶液与80uL上述的各离子溶液混合均匀后,在350~650nm范围内测试其荧光发射光谱(激发波长为320nm)。
结果表明,实施例1和实施例2的探针分子仅对Al3+、Cr3+离子具有荧光响应;实施例1和实施例2的探针分子加入Al3+、Cr3+离子之后分别在474nm和480nm处出现强的荧光发射峰,荧光强度增加42~132倍;其选择性表现在加入Na+、Mg2+、Al3+、Ca2+、Cr3+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Fe3 +、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Sr2+、Ag+、Cd2+、Ba2+、Hg2+和Pb2+离子后,其荧光性质并未产生明显的响应。
实施例4
荧光滴定检测探针对Al3+、Cr3+离子的作用
分别在100mL容量瓶中配制1×10-4mol/L的实施例1和实施例2的探针分子乙腈溶液,在25mL容量瓶中,分别配制成浓度为2.5×10-3mol/L的Al3+或Cr3+离子水溶液;用移液枪从容量瓶中取出2mL 1×10-4mol/L的探针分子乙腈溶液与0,8,16,24,32,40,48,56,64,72,80uL上述的Al3+或Cr3+离子水溶液混合后,在350~650nm范围内测试其荧光发射光谱(激发波长为320nm)。
通过荧光技术测得实施例1中的探针分子与Al3+、Cr3+的络合常数分别为2.53×103M-1和3.57×103M-1,检测限分别可达到2.21×10-6M和4.54×10-5M。
通过荧光技术测得实施例2中的探针分子与Al3+、Cr3+的络合常数分别为2.26×103M-1和3.29×103M-1,检测限分别可达到3.06×10-5M和2.40×10-5M。
实施例5
电化学检测探针对Al3+、Cr3+离子的作用
分别在100mL容量瓶中配制1×10-4mol/L的实施例1和实施例2的探针分子乙腈溶液,在25mL容量瓶中,配制成浓度为2.5×10-3mol/L的不同金属离子水溶液;用移液枪从容量瓶中分别取出2mL 1×10-4mol/L的探针分子乙腈溶液与80uL上述的各离子溶液混合均匀后,以0.1mol/L的[(n-C4H9)N]ClO4作为支持电解质,在100mV/s的扫描速度下测定循环伏安图。
结果表明,实施例1和实施例2的探针分子具有可逆的电化学性质,其二茂铁基的氧化电位分别为0.63V和0.72V;在实施例1和实施例2的探针分子中加入Al3+/Cr3+离子后,其氧化电位向正极移动了240~300mV,这说明探针分子可以电化学识别Al3+、Cr3+离子,其选择性表现在加入Na+、Mg2+、Al3+、Ca2+、Cr3+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Sr2+、Ag+、Cd2+、Ba2+、Hg2+和Pb2+离子后,其氧化电位并没有产生明显的变化。
实施例6
比色法检测探针对Al3+、Cr3+离子的作用
实施例1和实施例2的探针分子分别与Al3+、Cr3+离子混合后,探针的颜色由浅黄色变为棕黄色,由于图片为黑白图片所以色彩未能显示出来。
对比例
本对比例中的探针具有以下分子结构
测定步骤同实施例5。
对比例中的探针分子没有电化学活性基团,因此循环伏安图中没有明显的氧化还原峰,加入金属离子后也没有明显的电化学信号变化。
Claims (7)
2.权利要求1所述的一种铝、铬离子多通道响应探针的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤(1):氩气保护下,将A mol二茂铁甲醛,B mol 2,2’-二(2-噻吩基)乙二酮或2,2’-二(2-呋喃基)乙二酮,C mol醋酸铵加入到溶剂中,酸催化下加热回流至原料完全反应,得到粗产物,具体可为A∶B∶C=1∶1∶20;
步骤(2):粗产物经中和、水洗、萃取、干燥后减压除去溶剂,柱层析方法提纯后得到离子探针化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中使用的有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环;反应温度为40~120℃;反应的催化剂为有机酸。
4.权利要求1所述的探针在检测铝、铬离子中的应用,其特征在于,所述的探针用于检测非人体样品的铝、铬离子。
5.权利要求4所述的应用,其特征是通过荧光手段选择性检测Al3+/Cr3+离子的方法为:(1)所述探针与待测样品充分接触,以形成含有经探针和Al3+/Cr3+离子反应得到的化合物的检测体系;(2)测量所述体系的荧光发射光谱,以确定所述样品中Al3+/Cr3+离子的含量;或者, 通过电化学手段选择性检测Al3+/Cr3+离子的方法为:(1)所述探针与待测样品充分接触,以形成含有经探针和Al3+/Cr3+离子反应得到的化合物的检测体系;(2)测量所述体系的电化学性质,以确定所述样品中Al3+/Cr3+离子的含量;或者, 通过比色手段选择性检测Al3+/Cr3+离子的方法为:(1)所述探针与待测样品充分接触,以形成含有经探针和Al3+/Cr3+离子反应得到的化合物的检测体系;(2)通过比较或测量所述检测体系颜色改变程度,以确定所述样品中Al3+/Cr3+离子的含量。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征是:通过荧光、电化学、比色手段检测时所用的溶剂为乙腈和水的混合溶液;探针浓度为1×10mol/L。
7.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征是:检测体系中的Al3+/Cr3+离子时,至少不受下列离子的干扰:Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Mn3+、Fe2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Sr2+、Ag+、Cd2+、Ba2+、Hg2+和Pb2+。
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