CN110981604A - Special nutritional set fertilizer for protected grapes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special nutritional set fertilizer for protected grapes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110981604A CN110981604A CN201911326910.8A CN201911326910A CN110981604A CN 110981604 A CN110981604 A CN 110981604A CN 201911326910 A CN201911326910 A CN 201911326910A CN 110981604 A CN110981604 A CN 110981604A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The technical scheme of the invention discloses a preparation method of a special nutritional package fertilizer for protected grapes, which comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing a solid organic fertilizer, preparing a liquid organic fertilizer, preparing a slow-release bulk blend fertilizer and preparing a package fertilizer special for grapes under the facility. The special nutritional package fertilizer for the protected grapes, provided by the technical scheme of the invention, combines an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, so that the fertilizer efficiency is more obvious, meanwhile, the solid organic fertilizer is rich in functional bacteria such as azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria, so that the soil nutrient and fertile soil are further activated, the slow-release blended fertilizer reasonably distributes available nutrients and slow-release nutrients, the nutrient requirements of the grape growth cycle are more matched, the nutrient utilization rate is higher, and the plant grows healthily without nutrient elements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer production, in particular to a special nutritional package fertilizer for protected grapes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The grape has high nutritive value, contains a large amount of sugar (particularly glucose), a plurality of vitamins, minerals and dozens of amino acids, tastes sweet and juicy, and is popular with consumers. Therefore, the grape cultivation area is the second place in the fruit tree, and most countries and regions in the world are cultivated.
The facility cultivation of grapes refers to a special form for people to artificially create microclimate conditions suitable for the growth and development of grape plants in a certain facility in cold seasons unsuitable for the growth and development of the grape plants or cold regions unsuitable for open field cultivation of certain varieties in order to advance or delay the time of marketing of grapes and increase the fruiting times. However, in order to seek high yield on a large scale, a grower uses excessive fertilizer in the grape cultivation process, which causes serious degradation of soil microbial function, soil acidification, eutrophication, secondary salinization, weak root growth and even serious plant diseases and insect pests, and threatens the healthy development of the grape cultivation industry.
In order to effectively relieve the problems of the grapes in the facility, the long-lasting improvement effect cannot be achieved by only applying organic fertilizer. The method needs to systematically combine soil and fertilizer into consideration, and can restore the planting of the grapes under the facility to a healthier state only by simultaneously changing the 'three fertility' of the soil, namely physical fertility, chemical fertility and biological fertility.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a special nutritional set fertilizer for grapes under a facility, which meets the physiological characteristics and nutrient demand characteristics of grapes, and can change the 'three kinds of fertility' of soil and restore the planting of grapes under a healthier state after long-term application.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a special nutritional package fertilizer for grapes under protected cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a solid organic fertilizer:
mixing aspergillus niger, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus to prepare a first compound microorganism bacterium;
uniformly mixing bagasse, corn stalks and edible fungus residues, and uniformly spraying a urea ammonium nitrate solution on the mixture to obtain a mixed organic matter to be fermented;
adjusting the pH value and the water content of the mixed organic matter to be fermented, adding the first compound microorganism bacterium into the obtained mixed organic matter to be fermented, uniformly mixing, and fermenting to obtain a fermented mixed organic matter;
controlling the water content of the fermented mixed organic matter to be lower than 30%, and granulating to obtain organic fertilizer particles with the particle size of less than 4mm, namely obtaining the solid organic fertilizer;
preparing a liquid organic fertilizer:
mixing Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus licheniformis and yeast to prepare second compound microorganism, inoculating the second compound microorganism, culturing and fermenting until the total number of effective viable bacteria reaches 3 × 108CFU/mL or more;
adding the second compound microorganism bacterium into biogas slurry to be fermented for fermentation;
filtering the fermented system to obtain filtrate, namely the liquid organic fertilizer;
preparing a slow-release bulk blend fertilizer:
uniformly mixing resin coated urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, resin coated potassium sulfate and potassium sulfate in proportion;
preparing a special set of meal fertilizer for facility grapes:
uniformly mixing the solid organic fertilizer and the slow-release bulk blend fertilizer in proportion to obtain a base fertilizer;
respectively selecting a balanced water-soluble fertilizer, a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and a liquid organic fertilizer to be combined according to a certain proportion as additional fertilizers.
Preferably, in the preparation of the solid organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of the aspergillus niger, the lactic acid bacteria, the photosynthetic bacteria group, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium and the bacillus mucilaginosus is 2.5: 2: 2: 2: 1.5: 1: 1.
preferably, in the preparation of the solid organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of the bagasse, the corn straw, the edible fungus residue and the urea ammonium nitrate solution is (29-32): (36-40): (25.5-28): (5-6.5). Further preferably, the mass ratios of carbon and nitrogen in the bagasse, the corn stalks and the edible fungus residues are 84, 65 and 40 respectively, and the mass fraction of nitrogen in the urea ammonium nitrate solution is 32%.
Preferably, in the preparation of the solid organic fertilizer, the pH value of the mixed organic matter to be fermented is adjusted to 6-8, the water content of the mixed organic matter to be fermented is adjusted to 50-60%, and 0.30-0.35% by mass of first compound microorganism bacteria are added into the mixed organic matter to be fermented.
Preferably, in the preparation of the solid organic fertilizer, the fermentation comprises two stages, wherein the fermentation temperature in the first stage is 55-65 ℃, and the fermentation time lasts for 5-7 days; the fermentation temperature of the second stage is 45-55 ℃, and the fermentation time lasts for 10-14 days.
Preferably, the technical indexes of the solid organic fertilizer are as follows: the organic matter is more than or equal to 25 percent; wherein the content of the micromolecule water-soluble organic matter is more than or equal to 20 percent; the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g.
Preferably, in the preparation of the liquid organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of the aspergillus oryzae to the bacillus laterosporus to the bacillus licheniformis to the yeast is 1.5: 1.5: 1: 1.
preferably, in the preparation of the liquid organic fertilizer, 0.15-0.18 mass percent of second compound microorganism strains are added into the biogas slurry to be fermented for fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 25-35 ℃, the stirring speed is 10-15 r/min, and the fermentation time is 48-60 hours.
Preferably, the technical indexes of the liquid organic fertilizer are as follows: organic matter is more than or equal to 150 g/L; wherein the micromolecule water-soluble organic matter is more than or equal to 100 g/L; the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.1 hundred million/mL.
Preferably, in the preparation of the slow-release bulk blended fertilizer, the mass ratio of resin coated urea to diammonium hydrogen phosphate to potassium sulfate is (16-20) to (8-10) to (23-27) to (22-26) to (23-25), wherein the release period of the resin coated urea is 90 days, and the release period of the resin coated potassium sulfate is 180 days.
Preferably, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the slow-release blended fertilizer is (15-17): (10-12): 22-24).
Preferably, in the preparation of the package fertilizer special for grapes under protected cultivation, the mass ratio of the solid organic fertilizer to the slow-release bulk blend fertilizer is (4-5): 1, the mass ratio of the balanced water-soluble fertilizer to the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer to the liquid organic fertilizer is (7-9) to (1-3).
Preferably, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is 1:1:1, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 16:10: 32.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the base fertilizer to the additional fertilizer is (4-5): 1, the additional fertilizer comprises a germination accelerating fertilizer, a fruit retention fertilizer and a fruit strengthening fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1:2, the germination accelerating fertilizer and the fruit retention fertilizer are both a composition of a balanced water-soluble fertilizer and a liquid organic fertilizer, and the fruit strengthening fertilizer is a composition of a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and a liquid organic fertilizer.
The invention also provides a package fertilizer special for grapes under protected cultivation, which is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of the package fertilizer special for grapes under protected cultivation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and advantages:
1. the preparation processes of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer are all combined with the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer, so that the fertilizer efficiency is more remarkable.
2. The solid organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is also rich in functional bacteria such as azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria and the like, and plays a role in further activating soil nutrients and fertilizing soil.
3. The slow-release bulk blend fertilizer in the base fertilizer reasonably distributes available nutrients and slow-release nutrients, is more consistent with the nutrient requirement of the growth cycle of grapes, has higher nutrient utilization rate, and ensures that plants grow healthier without nutrient elements.
4. The liquid organic fertilizer in the top dressing is rich in functional bacteria capable of promoting root growth and cell division and improving disease resistance of crops, and can be used for multiple times in the later stage of top dressing, so that flower bud differentiation of the grapes can be promoted, stress resistance can be enhanced, and meanwhile, the grape fruit grains are early and more uniform in color change.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The specific preparation situation is illustrated by taking the example of producing 1000 kg of the special nutritional package fertilizer for grapes in facilities.
Example 1:
(1) preparing a solid organic fertilizer:
a) 3kg of the first complex microorganism was prepared. The compound microorganism bacterium consists of 0.75kg of Aspergillus niger, 0.60kg of lactic acid bacteria, 0.60kg of photosynthetic bacteria, 0.45kg of Bacillus subtilis, 0.30kg of Bacillus megaterium and 0.30kg of Bacillus mucilaginosus;
b) weighing 320kg of crushed bagasse, 360kg of corn straw, 255kg of edible fungus residue and 65kg of urea ammonium nitrate solution, uniformly mixing the bagasse, the corn straw and the edible fungus residue, and uniformly spraying the urea ammonium nitrate solution on the mixture to obtain a to-be-fermented mixed organic matter with the carbon-nitrogen ratio adjusted to be 25.2;
c) the pH value of the mixed material is adjusted to be 6.5, and if the pH value of the mixed material is lower, alkaline raw materials such as phosphorus magnesium phosphate fertilizer, hydrated lime and the like can be used. If the material is alkaline, calcium superphosphate and the like can be used, and the water content of the initial mixed material is adjusted to 55%;
d) adding 3kg of first compound microorganism bacteria, and uniformly mixing for fermentation;
the first stage, pile-building high-temperature fermentation is carried out, and meanwhile, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 55-65 ℃ in the fermentation process, and the time lasts for 5 days;
the second stage, low-temperature fermentation, wherein the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 45-55 ℃ in the fermentation process, and the fermentation time lasts for 10 days;
e) and after fermentation, controlling the water content of the mixed material to be lower than 30%, drying at a low temperature of not more than 60 ℃, and finally obtaining about 700kg of organic fertilizer particles with the particle size of less than 4mm by using an extrusion granulator.
The technical indexes of the solid organic fertilizer are as follows: the organic matter is more than or equal to 25 percent, the small molecular water-soluble organic matter is more than or equal to 20 percent, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g.
(2) Preparing a liquid organic fertilizer:
a) and (4) preparing a second compound microorganism bacterium. The composite microbial bacteria consists of 30 percent of aspergillus, 30 percent of bacillus laterosporus, 20 percent of bacillus licheniformis and 20 percent of microzyme, the composite microbial bacteria is inoculated, cultured and fermented to certain concentration and then inoculated for use, and the total number of effective viable bacteria in the fermented bacteria liquid reaches 3 multiplied by 108CFU/mL or more;
b) taking 500 kg of biogas slurry to be fermented, adding 1000g of fermented second compound microorganism bacteria (300 g of aspergillus oryzae, 300g of bacillus laterosporus, 200g of bacillus licheniformis and 200g of yeast respectively), maintaining the temperature at 30 ℃, stirring at the speed of 10r/min, and fermenting for 60 hours;
c) filtering with a 50-mesh filter screen to obtain filtrate, namely the liquid organic fertilizer rich in biological bacteria.
The technical indexes of the liquid organic fertilizer are as follows: organic matter is more than or equal to 150g/L, micromolecule water-soluble organic matter is more than or equal to 100g/L, and effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.1 hundred million/mL.
(3) Preparing a slow-release bulk blend fertilizer:
preparation of 160 kg of slow-release bulk blend fertilizer: 32 kg of tree finger coated urea (release period 90 days, N content 44%), 16 kg of macrogranular urea (N content 46.3%), 36.8 kg of granular diammonium phosphate, 35.2 kg of resin coated potassium sulfate (release period 180 days, K)247% O) and 40 kg of granular potassium sulfate (K)2O content of 50%) are uniformly mixed in a mixer to obtain N-P2O5-K2The content of O is 17-10-22.
(4) Preparing a special set of meal fertilizer for facility grapes:
a) preparing a base fertilizer:
640 kg of the prepared solid organic fertilizer is weighed and evenly mixed with 160 kg of 17-10-22 slow-release bulk blend fertilizer, and 800 kg of base fertilizer of the special nutritional package fertilizer for grapes under protected facilities is obtained.
b) Preparation of the additional fertilizer:
preparation of 80 kg of 19-19-19+ TE balanced water-soluble fertilizer: 21.6 kg of crushed prilled urea (N content 46.3%), 17.6 kg of small crystal ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (nutrient content N12%, P)2O561 percent), 27.2 kilograms of small crystal potassium nitrate (the nutrient content is N13.5 percent, K2O46 percent), 10.4 kilograms of small crystal potassium dihydrogen phosphate (with the nutrient content of P)2O552％，K2O34 percent, boric acid (B:17 percent) 0.88 kg, EDTA iron (Fe:13 percent) 0.72 kg, EDTA manganese (Mn:13 percent) 0.70 kg, EDTA copper (Cu:15 percent) 0.32 kg, EDTA zinc (Zn:15 percent) 0.56 kg and sodium molybdate dihydrate (Mo:39 percent) 0.02 kg are mixed evenly in a mixer to obtain the 19-19-19+ TE balanced water soluble fertilizer.
80 kg of 16-10-32+ TE high potassium formPreparation of water-soluble fertilizer: 16.0 kg of crushed small granular urea (N content 46.3%) and 44.8 kg of small crystal potassium nitrate (nutrient content N13.5%, K) were weighed2O46 percent), 16 kilograms of small crystal potassium dihydrogen phosphate (with the nutrient content of P)2O552％，K2O34 percent, boric acid (B:17 percent) 0.88 kg, EDTA iron (Fe:13 percent) 0.72 kg, EDTA manganese (Mn:13 percent) 0.70 kg, EDTA copper (Cu:15 percent) 0.32 kg, EDTA zinc (Zn:15 percent) 0.56 kg and sodium molybdate dihydrate (Mo:39 percent) 0.02 kg are mixed evenly in a mixer to obtain the 16-10-32+ TE high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer.
And taking 40 kg of the liquid organic fertilizer, and combining the balanced water-soluble fertilizer, the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and the liquid organic fertilizer to serve as additional fertilizer.
The 800 kg base fertilizer and 200 kg top dressing fertilizer form the special nutritional package fertilizer for grapes under the protected condition.
The special nutritional package fertilizer for the facility grapes in the embodiment is applied according to the following method:
and (4) applying the base fertilizer once after 1 month of grape harvesting. The dosage of the base fertilizer is 160 kilograms per mu, wherein the dosage of the solid organic fertilizer is 128 kilograms, and the dosage of the slow-release bulk blend fertilizer is 32 kilograms; macroelement water-soluble fertilizer balance fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer are used in the germination period and the early flowering period, the application mode is watering application, and the use amount of the balance fertilizer and the liquid organic fertilizer is 8 kg and 2 kg per mu. In the fruit swelling period, macroelement water-soluble fertilizers, namely high-potassium fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer are used, the application mode is pouring application, the application amount is 8 kilograms of high-potassium fertilizer and 2 kilograms of liquid organic fertilizer per mu of land at one time, the application is carried out twice, and the interval application time of the two times is 14 days.
Example 2:
(1) the preparation of the solid organic fertilizer and the preparation of the liquid organic fertilizer (2) are the same as those in example 1, and are not described again.
(3) Preparing a slow-release bulk blend fertilizer:
preparation of 180 kg of slow release bulk blend fertilizer: 28.8 kg of gum-coated urea (release period 90 days, N content 44%), 18 kg of macrogranular urea (N content 46.3%), 41.4 kg of granular diammonium phosphate, 46.8 kg of resin-coated potassium sulfate (release period)Period 180 days, K247% O) and 45kg of granular potassium sulfate (K)2O content of 50%) are uniformly mixed in a mixer to obtain N-P2O5-K2The content of O is 15-10-24.
(4) Preparing a special set of meal fertilizer for facility grapes:
a) preparing a base fertilizer:
620 kg of the prepared solid organic fertilizer is weighed and evenly mixed with 180 kg of 15-10-24 kg of slow-release bulk blend fertilizer, and 800 kg of base fertilizer of the special nutritional package fertilizer for grapes under the protected facilities is obtained.
b) Preparation of additional fertilizer
Preparation of 70 kg of 19-19-19+ TE balanced water-soluble fertilizer: 18.9 kg of finely divided prilled urea (N content 46.3%) and 15.4 kg of small crystalline monoammonium phosphate (nutrient content N12%, P)2O561 percent of potassium nitrate, 23.8 kilograms of small crystal potassium nitrate (the nutrient content is N13.5 percent, K)2O46 percent), 9.1 kilograms of small crystal potassium dihydrogen phosphate (the nutrient content is P)2O552％，K2O34 percent, boric acid (B:17 percent) 0.77 kg, EDTA iron (Fe:13 percent) 0.63 kg, EDTA manganese (Mn:13 percent) 0.62 kg, EDTA copper (Cu:15 percent) 0.28 kg, EDTA zinc (Zn:15 percent) 0.46 kg and sodium molybdate dihydrate (Mo:39 percent) 0.01 kg are mixed evenly in a mixer to obtain the 19-19-19+ TE balanced water soluble fertilizer.
Preparation of 70 kg of 16-10-32+ TE high potassium water soluble fertilizer: 14.0 kg of crushed small granular urea (N content 46.3%) and 39.2 kg of small crystal potassium nitrate (nutrient content N13.5%, K) were weighed2O46 percent), 14.0 kilograms of small crystal potassium dihydrogen phosphate (the nutrient content is P)2O552％，K2O34 percent, boric acid (B:17 percent) 0.77 kg, EDTA iron (Fe:13 percent) 0.63 kg, EDTA manganese (Mn:13 percent) 0.62 kg, EDTA copper (Cu:15 percent) 0.28 kg, EDTA zinc (Zn:15 percent) 0.49 kg and sodium molybdate dihydrate (Mo:39 percent) 0.01 kg are mixed evenly in a mixer to obtain the 16-10-32+ TE high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer.
And taking 60kg of the liquid organic fertilizer, and combining the balanced water-soluble fertilizer, the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and the liquid organic fertilizer to serve as additional fertilizer.
The 800 kg base fertilizer and 200 kg top dressing fertilizer form the special nutritional package fertilizer for grapes under the protected condition.
The special nutritional package fertilizer for facility grapes in the embodiment is applied according to the following method:
and (4) applying the base fertilizer once after 1 month of grape harvesting. The dosage of the base fertilizer is 160 kilograms per mu, wherein 124 kilograms of the solid organic fertilizer and 36 kilograms of the slow-release bulk blend fertilizer are used; macroelement water-soluble fertilizer balance fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer are used in the germination period and the early flowering period, the application mode is watering application, and the using amount of the balance fertilizer and the liquid organic fertilizer is 7 kilograms and 3 kilograms per mu. In the fruit swelling period, macroelement water-soluble fertilizers, namely high-potassium fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer are used, the application mode is pouring application, the using amount of the high-potassium fertilizer and the liquid organic fertilizer is 7 kilograms and 3 kilograms per mu of land at one time, the application is carried out twice, and the interval application time of the two times is 14 days.
Example 3:
(1) the preparation of the solid organic fertilizer and the preparation of the liquid organic fertilizer (2) are the same as those in example 1, and are not described again.
(3) Preparing a slow-release bulk blend fertilizer:
preparation of 200 kg of slow release bulk blend fertilizer: 36.0 kg of gum-coated urea (release cycle 90 days, N content 44%), 16 kg of macrogranular urea (N content 46.3%), 54.0 kg of granular diammonium phosphate, 48.0 kg of resin-coated potassium sulfate (release cycle 180 days, K)247% O) and 46 kg of granular potassium sulfate (K)2O content of 50%) are uniformly mixed in a mixer to obtain N-P2O5-K2The content of O is 16-12-22.
(4) Preparing a special set of meal fertilizer for facility grapes:
a) preparing a base fertilizer:
600 kg of the prepared solid organic fertilizer is weighed and evenly mixed with 200 kg of 16-12-22 slow-release bulk blend fertilizer to obtain 800 kg of base fertilizer of the special nutrition package fertilizer for grapes under the protected facilities.
b) Preparation of additional fertilizer
90 kg of 19-19-19+ TE balancePreparation of type water soluble fertilizer: 24.3 kg of crushed prilled urea (N content 46.3%), 19.8 kg of small crystalline monoammonium phosphate (nutrient content N12%, P)2O561 percent), 30.6 kilograms of small crystal potassium nitrate (the nutrient content is N13.5 percent, K2O46 percent), 11.7 kilograms of small crystal potassium dihydrogen phosphate (the nutrient content is P)2O552％，K2O34 percent, boric acid (B:17 percent) 0.99 kg, EDTA iron (Fe:13 percent) 0.81 kg, EDTA manganese (Mn:13 percent) 0.79 kg, EDTA copper (Cu:15 percent) 0.36 kg, EDTA zinc (Zn:15 percent) 0.63 kg and sodium molybdate dihydrate (Mo:39 percent) 0.02 kg are mixed evenly in a mixer to obtain the 19-19-19+ TE balanced water soluble fertilizer.
Preparation of 90 kg of 16-10-32+ TE high potassium water soluble fertilizer: 18.0 kg of crushed small granular urea (N content 46.3%), 50.4 kg of small crystal potassium nitrate (nutrient content N13.5%, K)2O46 percent), 18.0 kilograms of small crystal potassium dihydrogen phosphate (the nutrient content is P)2O552％，K2O34 percent, boric acid (B:17 percent) 0.99 kg, EDTA iron (Fe:13 percent) 0.81 kg, EDTA manganese (Mn:13 percent) 0.79 kg, EDTA copper (Cu:15 percent) 0.36 kg, EDTA zinc (Zn:15 percent) 0.63 kg and sodium molybdate dihydrate (Mo:39 percent) 0.02 kg are mixed evenly in a mixer to obtain the 16-10-32+ TE high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer.
And taking 20kg of the liquid organic fertilizer, and combining the balanced water-soluble fertilizer, the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and the liquid organic fertilizer to serve as additional fertilizer.
The 800 kg base fertilizer and 200 kg top dressing fertilizer form the special nutritional package fertilizer for grapes under the protected condition.
The special nutritional package fertilizer for facility grapes in the embodiment is applied according to the following method:
and (4) applying the base fertilizer once after 1 month of grape harvesting. The dosage of the base fertilizer is 160 kilograms per mu, wherein the dosage of the solid organic fertilizer is 120 kilograms, and the dosage of the slow-release bulk blend fertilizer is 40 kilograms; macroelement water-soluble fertilizer balance fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer are used in the germination period and the early flowering period, and the application mode is watering application, and the using amount of the balance fertilizer and the liquid organic fertilizer is 9 kilograms and 1 kilogram per mu. In the fruit swelling period, macroelement water-soluble fertilizers, namely high-potassium fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer are used, the application mode is pouring application, the using amount of the 9 kg high-potassium fertilizer and 1 kg liquid organic fertilizer is used twice per mu of land, and the interval using time of the two times is 14 days.
Test examples:
facility grape condition: the planting density is 400 plants/mu, the overwintering greenhouse and spring shed cultivation mode is mainly used, the yield per mu is about 3000 kg, and the yield per mu is about 2-3 ten thousand yuan.
Grape test varieties: victoria.
And (3) experimental design: the test was divided into 4 treatments, treatment 1 was experimental example 1, treatment 2 was experimental example 2, treatment 3 was experimental example 3, and treatment 4 was a control treatment. Control treated fertilizer application rates: the conventional organic fertilizer and 15-15-15 compound fertilizer in the market are used as base fertilizers, wherein the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the total nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide) are more than or equal to 5.0 percent. The top dressing is a balanced type 19-19-19+ TE and high-potassium type 16-10-32+ TE water soluble fertilizer, and does not use an organic liquid fertilizer. The using amount of the base fertilizer is 160 kg per mu, wherein 120 kg of organic fertilizer and 40 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer are used. The top dressing is that 10 kilograms of balanced type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is used in the germination period and the early flowering period respectively, and 10 kilograms of high-potassium type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is used in the fruit swelling period for twice; the control treated fertilizer application method was: the application time was kept the same as in the examples.
The application effect of the special nutritional package fertilizer for grapes is as follows:
1) effect of different treatments on the growth and development of grapes under protected conditions
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on the growth and development of grapes under protected conditions
As can be seen from Table 1, after the special nutritional set fertilizer for grapes under protected cultivation is applied, the leaves of the grapes are obviously green, glossy and vigorous in growth, the leaf thickness is increased by 16% at most compared with that of the conventional fertilizer, the pitch spacing is shortened by 6.9% at most, and the stem thickness is increased by 14.8% at most.
2) Effect of different treatments on quality of facility grape fruit pieces
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on the quality of the grape fruit pieces in the facility
As can be seen from Table 2, the special nutritional set fertilizer for grapes under protected cultivation in the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that grape fruit grains are obviously increased, the coloring is fast, and the sugar degree is high after the special nutritional set fertilizer for grapes under protected cultivation is applied. Compared with a control group, the weight of a single fruit is increased by 17.8 percent to the maximum extent, the diameter of the fruit is increased by 35.4 percent to the maximum extent, and the sugar degree is increased by 33.3 percent to the maximum extent.
3) Impact of different treatments on facility grape economic benefits
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on facility grape economics
As can be seen from Table 3, after the nutritional set fertilizer special for facility grapes is applied, the yield per mu is increased by 17.5% at most compared with that of a control group. Meanwhile, the cost of the self-made solid and liquid organic fertilizers is low and cannot be higher than the price of the organic fertilizers in the market, so that the cost of the fertilizers per mu is lower. Assuming that the fertilizer cost per mu is consistent, the income per mu of grapes can be increased by 34.3% at most.
Meanwhile, the grape facility soil is also obviously improved, the soil becomes loose, the air permeability and the water retention are good, and the specific application effect is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 comparison of soil quality after different treatments
As can be seen from Table 4, after the special nutritional set fertilizer for grapes under protected cultivation is applied, compared with a control group, the organic matter content of soil is improved by 117.1% to the maximum, microorganisms in the soil are active, and the volume weight is reduced by 11.7% to the maximum. The improvement of the soil quality also promotes the yield increase of the facility grapes, and the two have close relationship.
While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon attaining an understanding of the foregoing may readily produce alterations to, variations of, and equivalents to these embodiments. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a package fertilizer special for facility grapes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a solid organic fertilizer:
mixing aspergillus niger, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus to prepare a first compound microorganism bacterium;
uniformly mixing bagasse, corn stalks and edible fungus residues, and uniformly spraying a urea ammonium nitrate solution on the mixture to obtain a mixed organic matter to be fermented;
adjusting the pH value and the water content of the mixed organic matter to be fermented, adding the first compound microorganism bacterium into the obtained mixed organic matter to be fermented, uniformly mixing, and fermenting to obtain a fermented mixed organic matter;
controlling the water content of the fermented mixed organic matter to be lower than 30%, and granulating to obtain organic fertilizer particles with the particle size of less than 4mm, namely obtaining the solid organic fertilizer;
preparing a liquid organic fertilizer:
mixing Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus licheniformis and yeast to prepare second compound microorganism, inoculating the second compound microorganism, culturing and fermenting until the total number of effective viable bacteria reaches 3 × 108CFU/mL or more;
adding the second compound microorganism bacterium into biogas slurry to be fermented for fermentation;
filtering the fermented system to obtain filtrate, namely the liquid organic fertilizer;
preparing a slow-release bulk blend fertilizer:
uniformly mixing resin coated urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, resin coated potassium sulfate and potassium sulfate in proportion;
preparing a special set of meal fertilizer for facility grapes:
uniformly mixing the solid organic fertilizer and the slow-release bulk blend fertilizer in proportion to obtain a base fertilizer;
respectively selecting a balanced water-soluble fertilizer, a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and a liquid organic fertilizer to be combined according to a certain proportion as additional fertilizers.
2. The method for preparing the package fertilizer special for grapes under protected cultivation in claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the solid organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of aspergillus niger, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus is 2.5: 2: 2: 2: 1.5: 1: 1.
3. the method for preparing the package fertilizer special for grapes under the protected period as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the solid organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of bagasse, corn straw, edible fungus residue and urea ammonium nitrate solution is (29-32): (36-40): (25.5-28): (5-6.5).
4. The preparation method of the package fertilizer special for grapes under protected installation of claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the solid organic fertilizer, the pH value of the mixed organic matter to be fermented is adjusted to 6-8, the water content of the mixed organic matter to be fermented is adjusted to 50% -60%, and 0.30% -0.35% by mass of first compound microorganism bacteria are added into the mixed organic matter to be fermented.
5. The method for preparing the package fertilizer special for grapes under protected cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the solid organic fertilizer, the fermentation comprises two stages, the fermentation temperature in the first stage is 55-65 ℃, and the fermentation time lasts for 5-7 days; the fermentation temperature of the second stage is 45-55 ℃, and the fermentation time lasts for 10-14 days.
6. The method for preparing the package fertilizer special for grapes under protected cultivation of claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the liquid organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of aspergillus oryzae, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis and yeast is 1.5: 1.5: 1: 1.
7. the preparation method of the package fertilizer special for grapes under protected cultivation of claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the liquid organic fertilizer, 0.15% -0.18% by mass of second compound microorganism bacteria are added into biogas slurry to be fermented for fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 25-35 ℃, the stirring speed is 10-15 r/min, and the fermentation time is 48-60 hours.
8. The method for preparing the package fertilizer special for grapes under protected cultivation in claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the slow-release bulk blended fertilizer, the mass ratio of resin coated urea to diammonium hydrogen phosphate to resin coated potassium sulfate to potassium sulfate is (16-20) to (8-10) to (23-27) to (22-26) to (23-25), wherein the release period of the resin coated urea is 90 days, and the release period of the resin coated potassium sulfate is 180 days.
9. The preparation method of the package fertilizer special for grapes under protected cultivation of claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the package fertilizer special for grapes under protected cultivation, the mass ratio of the solid organic fertilizer to the slow-release bulk blend fertilizer is (4-5): 1, the mass ratio of the balanced water-soluble fertilizer to the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer to the liquid organic fertilizer is (7-9) to (1-3).
10. The package fertilizer special for grapes under protected cultivation is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of the package fertilizer special for grapes under protected cultivation in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN111517878A (en) * | 2020-05-30 | 2020-08-11 | 博兴天竹菌剂生物科技有限公司 | Biological source bacterial fertilizer system special for grapes and using method thereof |
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