CN110977367A - Finish machining method for spindle of numerical control machine tool - Google Patents
Finish machining method for spindle of numerical control machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN110977367A CN110977367A CN201911247672.1A CN201911247672A CN110977367A CN 110977367 A CN110977367 A CN 110977367A CN 201911247672 A CN201911247672 A CN 201911247672A CN 110977367 A CN110977367 A CN 110977367A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of spindle machining, and particularly relates to a finish machining method of a spindle of a numerical control machine tool. The invention leads the blank to be processed, positioned and clamped in advance during finish machining, is convenient for one-time processing and forming of the periphery of the blank, reduces the error of repeated clamping and positioning of the blank, and thus improves the precision of finish machining of the main shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spindle machining, in particular to a finish machining method for a spindle of a numerical control machine tool.
Background
The main shaft of the machine tool refers to a shaft on the machine tool for driving a workpiece or a cutter to rotate. The main shaft component is generally composed of a main shaft, a bearing, a transmission member (gear or pulley), and the like. The machine is mainly used for supporting transmission parts such as gears and belt wheels and transmitting motion and torque, such as a machine tool spindle; some are used to clamp a workpiece, such as a mandrel. Most of machine tools have a spindle unit except for a planer, a broaching machine, and the like, which are linearly moved in main motion. The movement accuracy and structural rigidity of the spindle unit are important factors determining the machining quality and the cutting efficiency. The main shaft component performance measuring indexes are mainly rotation precision, rigidity and speed adaptability. Rotation accuracy: the radial and axial runout (see form and position tolerances) that occur when the spindle rotates in a direction that affects the machining accuracy is determined primarily by the quality of the manufacture and assembly of the spindle and the bearings. Dynamic and static stiffness: mainly determined by the bending stiffness of the main shaft, the stiffness of the bearings and the damping. Speed adaptability: the allowable maximum rotating speed and the range of the rotating speed are mainly determined by the structure and lubrication of the bearing and the heat dissipation condition;
when the main shaft is machined, the positioning clamping times are less, the positioning error is smaller, so that the error is smaller during machining, the conventional main shaft needs to be clamped and positioned back and forth during machining, and a finish machining method of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a finish machining method for a spindle of a numerical control machine tool, which solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a finish machining system of a spindle of a numerical control machine tool comprises a bottom plate, wherein a housing with an opening formed in one side is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate, a lifting mechanism located at the top of the bottom plate is installed inside the housing, a front end processing mechanism fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the housing is installed at one end of the lifting mechanism, a cutting mechanism arranged along the length direction of the housing is installed on one side, away from the opening of the housing, of the lifting mechanism, and a rear end processing mechanism fixedly connected with the housing is installed at the other end of the lifting mechanism;
the front-end processing mechanism comprises a rotary table with a circular structure, a base with a U-shaped structure of an open groove lifting mechanism is movably sleeved on the outer ring of the rotary table, a drilling chuck, a cutter chuck and a collision chuck are arranged on one side of the rotary table close to the lifting mechanism, a rotary shaft is fixedly connected to the middle position of one side of the rotary table extending into the base, a first motor fixedly connected with the base is installed at the other end of the rotary shaft, and a first pushing mechanism fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the housing is installed on one side of the base far away from the lifting mechanism;
the lifting mechanism comprises a supporting plate of a U-shaped structure arranged along the length direction of the housing, the opening of the supporting plate is upwards arranged, two ends of the top of the supporting plate are fixedly connected with a supporting plate of an L-shaped structure fixedly connected with the bottom of the bottom plate, through channels arranged along the length direction in equal intervals are arranged on two sides of the supporting plate, a push plate arranged along the length direction is arranged on two sides of the supporting plate, one side of the supporting plate, away from the push plate, is provided with a second pushing mechanism fixedly connected with the supporting plate, one side of the push plate, close to the supporting plate, is provided with a connecting rod arranged along the length direction in equal intervals, and.
Preferably, rear end processing mechanism is unanimous with front end processing mechanism structure, installs the drill bit on the drilling chuck, and cutting tool is installed to the cutter chuck, and the ejector pin of conical structure is installed to the chuck of contradicting, and the tip touch panel with the chuck rigid coupling of contradicting is installed to the outer lane of ejector pin.
Preferably, the cutting mechanism includes the third pushing mechanism who sets up along housing length direction, and the third pushing mechanism is close to one side output rigid coupling of lifting mechanism and has the fourth pushing mechanism who sets up along vertical direction, and the fourth pushing mechanism is close to one side output rigid coupling of lifting mechanism and has the fifth pushing mechanism, and the drive case is installed to one side that the fifth pushing mechanism is close to lifting mechanism, and drive case internally mounted has driving motor, and the cutting chuck is installed to one side that the drive case is close to lifting mechanism.
Preferably, the rotary table is provided with a rotary motor fixedly connected with the drilling chuck, the cutter chuck and the abutting chuck.
Preferably, a front end baffle is movably sleeved on one side of the supporting plate close to the front end processing mechanism, and a sixth pushing mechanism fixedly connected with the top of the bottom plate is installed at the bottom of the front end baffle.
Preferably, the first pushing mechanism, the second pushing mechanism and the sixth pushing mechanism adopt linear motors, and the third pushing mechanism, the fourth pushing mechanism and the fifth pushing mechanism adopt linear modules.
A use method of a finish machining system of a spindle of a numerical control machine tool comprises the following steps:
s blank clamping
Placing a blank to be processed inside an upper supporting plate of a lifting mechanism, starting a sixth pushing mechanism, enabling a front end baffle positioned on one side, close to a front end processing mechanism, of the supporting plate to extend upwards, pushing the blank to enable the front end of the blank to be abutted against the front end baffle, so as to position the blank, starting a second pushing mechanism to push the push plate towards the direction close to each other, then clamping the blank by using clamping plates of an arc-shaped structure, and enabling the axis of the clamped blank to be positioned in the middle position of the two groups of clamping plates close to each other all the time due to the fact that the clamping plates are symmetrically arranged along the supporting plate, and finally starting the sixth pushing mechanism to enable the front end baffle to move downwards;
rough cutting of S-shaped blank
After the blank is clamped, a first motor on a turntable is started, a cutter chuck is rotated to one side of the blank, then first pushing mechanisms on a front-end processing mechanism and a rear-end processing mechanism are started, a base is pushed towards the blank, and under the starting of the rotating motor on the cutter chuck, a cutting tool of the cutter chuck performs flat cutting on two ends of the blank, so that the two ends of the blank are always kept parallel, and then the first pushing mechanism is started to enable the base to return to an initial position;
s blank end positioning hole machining
After the two ends of the blank are cut flatly, the drilling chuck is positioned at the position of the blank according to the same step of the S, and then a positioning hole is drilled at the axial position of the blank in the same step of the flat cutting;
s blank positioning and clamping
After positioning holes are drilled at two ends of the blank, the abutting chuck is positioned at the position of the blank according to the same step of S, then the same step of flat cutting is carried out, the ejector rods positioned on the abutting chuck extend into the positioning holes at the two ends of the blank, the abutting plate abuts against the end part of the blank at the same time, and finally the abutting mechanism returns to the initial position according to the opposite step of S;
s blank cutting finish machining
After finishing the truncation, drilling and the location centre gripping to the stock tip, the outside of cutting mechanism begins to the stock is processed, utilize third pushing mechanism, fourth pushing mechanism and fifth pushing mechanism adjustment cutting chuck and stock between the relative position during processing, can also carry out the trompil with the cutter of cutting chuck to the stock when driving motor on the drive box starts simultaneously, lie in the synchronous start-up of the rotating electrical machines on two sets of conflict chucks and make stock rotational machining during the smear metal.
In the present invention,
through the bottom plate that sets up, the housing, lift the mechanism, front end processing mechanism, rear end processing mechanism, smear metal mechanism, drive case, carousel, base, pivot, drilling chuck, cutter chuck, conflict chuck, backup pad, layer board, through-channel, connecting rod, splint and push pedal for make the stock in the finish machining in advance process location clamping position, make things convenient for the peripheral one-time processing shaping of stock, reduce the error of the repeated centre gripping location of stock, thereby improve the finish machining's of main shaft precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a finish machining system of a spindle of a numerical control machine tool provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a front-end processing mechanism and a rear-end processing mechanism of a finish machining system of a spindle of a numerical control machine tool, which is provided by the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a lifting mechanism of a finish machining system of a spindle of a numerical control machine tool provided by the invention.
In the figure: the automatic cutting machine comprises a base plate 1, a cover shell 2, a lifting mechanism 3, a front end processing mechanism 4, a rear end processing mechanism 6, a cutting mechanism 7, a driving box 8, a rotary table 9, a base 10, a rotating shaft 11, a drilling chuck 12, a tool chuck 13, an abutting chuck 14, a supporting plate 15, a supporting plate 16, a supporting plate 17, a through channel 18, a connecting rod 19, a clamping plate 20 and a push plate 20.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a finish machining system of a numerical control machine tool spindle comprises a bottom plate 1 and is characterized in that a housing 2 with an opening formed in one side is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate 1, a lifting mechanism 3 located at the top of the bottom plate 1 is installed inside the housing 2, a front end processing mechanism 4 fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the housing 2 is installed at one end of the lifting mechanism 3, a cutting mechanism 7 arranged along the length direction of the housing 2 is installed at one side, away from the opening of the housing 2, of the lifting mechanism 3, and a rear end processing mechanism 6 fixedly connected with the housing 2 is installed at the other end of the lifting mechanism 3;
the front-end processing mechanism 4 comprises a rotary table 9 with a circular structure, a base 10 with a U-shaped structure of the open-slot lifting mechanism 3 is movably sleeved on the outer ring of the rotary table 9, a drilling chuck 12, a cutter chuck 13 and a collision chuck 14 are arranged on one side, close to the lifting mechanism 3, of the rotary table 9, a rotating shaft 11 is fixedly connected to the middle position of one side, extending into the base 10, of the rotary table 9, a first motor fixedly connected with the base 10 is installed at the other end of the rotating shaft 11, and a first pushing mechanism fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the housing 2 is installed on one side, far away from the lifting;
Further, rear end processing mechanism 6 is unanimous with front end processing mechanism 4 structure, installs the drill bit on the drilling chuck 12, and cutting tool is installed to tool chuck 13, and the ejector pin of conical structure is installed to conflict chuck 14, and the tip touch panel with conflict chuck 14 rigid coupling is installed to the outer lane of ejector pin.
Especially, cutting mechanism 7 includes the third pushing mechanism who sets up along 2 length direction on the housing, and the third pushing mechanism is close to one side output rigid coupling of lifting mechanism 3 and has the fourth pushing mechanism who sets up along vertical direction, and the fourth pushing mechanism is close to one side output rigid coupling of lifting mechanism 3 and has the fifth pushing mechanism, and drive box 8 is installed to one side that the fifth pushing mechanism is close to lifting mechanism 3, and 8 internally mounted of drive box has driving motor, and the cutting chuck is installed to one side that drive box 8 is close to lifting mechanism 3.
It is worth mentioning that the turntable 9 is provided with a rotating motor fixedly connected to the drilling chuck 12, the tool chuck 13 and the abutment chuck 14.
In addition, a front end baffle is movably sleeved on one side of the supporting plate 16 close to the front end processing mechanism 4, and a sixth pushing mechanism fixedly connected with the top of the bottom plate 1 is installed at the bottom of the front end baffle.
In addition, the first pushing mechanism, the second pushing mechanism and the sixth pushing mechanism adopt linear motors, and the third pushing mechanism, the fourth pushing mechanism and the fifth pushing mechanism adopt linear modules.
A use method of a finish machining system of a spindle of a numerical control machine tool comprises the following steps:
s1 blank holding
Placing a blank to be processed inside a supporting plate 16 on a lifting mechanism 3, starting a sixth pushing mechanism, enabling a front end baffle plate positioned on one side, close to a front end processing mechanism 4, of the supporting plate 16 to extend upwards, pushing the blank to enable the front end of the blank to be abutted against the front end baffle plate, so as to position the blank, starting a second pushing mechanism to push a push plate 20 in a mutually approaching direction, then clamping the blank by using clamping plates 19 in an arc-shaped structure, and enabling the axis of the clamped blank to be always positioned in the middle position, close to each other, of the two groups of clamping plates 19 due to the fact that the clamping plates 19 are symmetrically arranged along the supporting plate 16, and finally starting the sixth pushing mechanism to enable the front end baffle plate to move downwards;
s2 rough cutting of blank
After the blank is clamped, a first motor on the rotary table 9 is started, the cutter chuck 13 is rotated to one side of the blank, then first pushing mechanisms on the front-end processing mechanism 4 and the rear-end processing mechanism 6 are started, the base 10 is pushed towards the blank, under the starting of the rotary motor on the cutter chuck 13, a cutting cutter of the cutter chuck 13 performs flat cutting on two ends of the blank, so that the two ends of the blank are always parallel, and then the first pushing mechanism is started, so that the base 10 returns to an initial position;
processing of positioning holes at ends of S3 blanks
After the two ends of the blank are cut off flatly, the drilling chuck 12 is positioned at the position of the blank according to the same step of the S2, and then a positioning hole is drilled at the axial position of the blank in the same step of the flat cutting;
s4 blank positioning and clamping
After the positioning holes are drilled at the two ends of the blank, the abutting chuck 14 is positioned at the position of the blank according to the same step of S2, then the ejector pins positioned on the abutting chuck 14 are inserted into the positioning holes at the two ends of the blank in the same step of the above flat cutting, and the abutting plate abuts against the end of the blank at the same time, and finally the lifting mechanism 3 returns to the initial position according to the opposite step of S1;
s4 blank cutting and finishing
After finishing the flat cutting, drilling and positioning and clamping of the end part of the blank, the cutting mechanism 7 starts to process the outer side of the blank, the relative position between the cutting chuck and the blank is adjusted by utilizing the third pushing mechanism, the fourth pushing mechanism and the fifth pushing mechanism during processing, meanwhile, when a driving motor on a driving box is started, a cutter of the cutting chuck can be used for drilling the blank, and when cutting is carried out, the rotating motors on the two groups of abutting chucks 14 are synchronously started to rotate the blank.
When the device is used, the two ends of the discharged material are cut and flattened synchronously to enable the end faces of the two ends of the blank to be in a parallel state, then the positioning hole is drilled in the center of the end face, finally the drilled positioning hole is used as a clamping positioning point for fine machining of the blank, and clamping and positioning are carried out on the end face of the blank, so that the clamping position is machined and positioned in advance during fine machining of the blank, one-step machining forming of the periphery of the blank is facilitated, errors of repeated clamping and positioning of the blank are reduced, and the precision of fine machining of the spindle is improved.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The finish machining system of the numerical control machine tool spindle comprises a base plate (1) and is characterized in that one side of the top of the base plate (1) is fixedly connected with an open cover shell (2), a lifting mechanism (3) located at the top of the base plate (1) is installed inside the cover shell (2), one end of the lifting mechanism (3) is provided with a front end processing mechanism (4) fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the cover shell (2), one side, away from the opening of the cover shell (2), of the lifting mechanism (3) is provided with a cutting mechanism (7) arranged along the length direction of the cover shell (2), and the other end of the lifting mechanism (3) is provided with a rear end processing mechanism (6) fixedly connected with the cover shell (2);
the front end processing mechanism (4) comprises a rotary table (9) of a circular structure, a base (10) of a U-shaped structure of an open groove lifting mechanism (3) is movably sleeved on the outer ring of the rotary table (9), a drilling chuck (12), a cutter chuck (13) and a collision chuck (14) are arranged on one side, close to the lifting mechanism (3), of the rotary table (9), a rotary shaft (11) is fixedly connected to the middle position of one side, extending into the base (10), of the rotary table (9), a first motor fixedly connected with the base (10) is installed at the other end of the rotary shaft (11), and a first pushing mechanism fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the housing (2) is installed on one side, far away from the lifting mechanism (3), of the base (10);
lifting mechanism (3) is including layer board (16) along the U type structure of housing (2) length direction setting, and layer board (16) opening upwards sets up, layer board (16) top both ends rigid coupling has backup pad (15) with the L type structure of bottom plate (1) bottom rigid coupling, the both sides of layer board (16) are seted up and are followed through passageway (17) that its length direction equidistance set up, push pedal (20) that set up along its length direction are all installed to the both sides of layer board (16), push pedal (20) are kept away from one side of layer board (16) and are installed the second pushing mechanism with backup pad (15) rigid coupling, connecting rod (18) that set up along its length direction equidistance are installed to one side that push pedal (20) are close to layer board (16), the one end rigid coupling that connecting rod (18) are close to layer board (16) has splint (.
2. The finish machining system of the spindle of the numerical control machine tool is characterized in that the rear end processing mechanism (6) is consistent with the front end processing mechanism (4) in structure, a drill bit is installed on the drilling chuck (12), a cutting tool is installed on the tool chuck (13), a push rod with a conical structure is installed on the collision chuck (14), and an end abutting plate fixedly connected with the collision chuck (14) is installed on the outer ring of the push rod.
3. The finish machining system of the spindle of the numerical control machine tool is characterized in that the cutting mechanism (7) comprises a third pushing mechanism arranged along the length direction of the housing (2), a fourth pushing mechanism arranged along the vertical direction is fixedly connected to an output end of one side, close to the lifting mechanism (3), of the third pushing mechanism, a fifth pushing mechanism is fixedly connected to an output end of one side, close to the lifting mechanism (3), of the fourth pushing mechanism, a driving box (8) is installed on one side, close to the lifting mechanism (3), of the fifth pushing mechanism, a driving motor is installed inside the driving box (8), and a cutting chuck is installed on one side, close to the lifting mechanism (3), of the driving box (8).
4. Finishing system for the main shaft of a numerical control machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said rotary table (9) is equipped with a rotating electric machine solidly connected to a drilling chuck (12), a tool chuck (13) and an interference chuck (14).
5. The finish machining system of the spindle of the numerical control machine tool is characterized in that a front end baffle is movably sleeved on one side, close to the front end processing mechanism (4), of the supporting plate (16), and a sixth pushing mechanism fixedly connected with the top of the bottom plate (1) is installed at the bottom of the front end baffle.
6. The finish machining system of the spindle of the numerical control machine tool is characterized in that the first pushing mechanism, the second pushing mechanism and the sixth pushing mechanism adopt linear motors, and the third pushing mechanism, the fourth pushing mechanism and the fifth pushing mechanism adopt linear modules.
7. The use method of the finish machining system of the numerical control machine tool spindle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 blank holding
Placing a blank to be processed inside an upper supporting plate (16) of a lifting mechanism (3), starting a sixth pushing mechanism, enabling a front end baffle plate positioned on one side, close to a front end processing mechanism (4), of the supporting plate (16) to extend upwards, pushing the blank to enable the front end of the blank to be abutted against the front end baffle plate so as to position the blank, starting a second pushing mechanism to push a push plate (20) in a mutually approaching direction, clamping the blank by using clamping plates (19) of an arc-shaped structure, and enabling the axis of the clamped blank to be always positioned in the middle position where two groups of clamping plates (19) are mutually close because the clamping plates (19) are symmetrically arranged along the supporting plate (16), and finally starting the sixth pushing mechanism to enable the front end baffle plate to move downwards;
s2 rough cutting of blank
After the blank is clamped, a first motor on a rotary table (9) is started, a cutter chuck (13) is rotated to one side of the blank, then first pushing mechanisms on a front-end processing mechanism (4) and a rear-end processing mechanism (6) are started, a base (10) is pushed towards the blank, a cutting cutter of the cutter chuck (13) performs flat cutting on two ends of the blank under the starting of the rotary motor on the cutter chuck (13), so that the two ends of the blank are always kept parallel, then the first pushing mechanism is started, and the base (10) is returned to an initial position;
processing of positioning holes at ends of S3 blanks
After the two ends of the blank are cut flatly, the drilling chuck (12) is positioned at the position of the blank according to the same step of S2, and then a positioning hole is drilled at the axial position of the blank in the same step of the flat cutting;
s4 blank positioning and clamping
After positioning holes are drilled at two ends of the blank, the abutting chuck (14) is positioned at the position of the blank according to the same step of S2, then the same step of flat cutting is that the ejector rod positioned on the abutting chuck (14) extends into the positioning holes at two ends of the blank, the abutting plate abuts against the end part of the blank, and finally the abutting mechanism (3) returns to the initial position according to the opposite step of S1;
s4 blank cutting and finishing
After finishing the flat cutting, drilling and positioning clamping of the end part of the blank, the cutting mechanism (7) begins to process the outer side of the blank, the relative position between the cutting chuck and the blank is adjusted by utilizing the third pushing mechanism, the fourth pushing mechanism and the fifth pushing mechanism during processing, meanwhile, a cutter of the cutting chuck can be used for perforating the blank when a driving motor on a driving box is started, and the rotating motors on the two groups of abutting chucks (14) are synchronously started to rotate the blank during cutting.
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