CN110973364A - Fermented feed additive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Fermented feed additive and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110973364A
CN110973364A CN201911343689.7A CN201911343689A CN110973364A CN 110973364 A CN110973364 A CN 110973364A CN 201911343689 A CN201911343689 A CN 201911343689A CN 110973364 A CN110973364 A CN 110973364A
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parts
chinese herbal
feed additive
mixture
fermented feed
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梁键钧
胡浩
王婵尤
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Zhuhai Dehai Biotechnology Co ltd
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Zhuhai Dehai Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of feed, and discloses a fermented feed additive which is mainly prepared by fermenting bean pulp and Chinese herbal medicines, wherein the weight ratio of the Chinese herbal medicines to the bean pulp is 1: (10-20); the Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 20-30 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 8-12 parts of liquorice, 6-10 parts of houttuynia cordata, 5-10 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 3-6 parts of caulis spatholobi, 4-8 parts of acanthopanax senticosus, 5-10 parts of wormwood and 1-5 parts of folium isatidis. The preparation method of the fermented feed additive comprises the following steps: (1) weighing the Chinese herbal medicines and the soybean meal according to the formula, crushing and mixing to obtain a mixture; (2) and (2) taking the mixture prepared in the step (1) as a fermentation culture medium, and adding probiotics for fermentation to prepare the fermented feed additive. The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive can effectively promote growth, improve oxidation resistance and immunity and reduce diseases.

Description

Fermented feed additive and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of feeds, and particularly relates to a fermented feed additive and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The raw fish is commonly known as snakehead, also called snakehead, croaker, snakehead and the like, and is a common edible fish. The raw fish has less bone spurs, high meat content, rich nutritive value, large individual, fast growth and high economic value. The raw fish meat contains protein, fat and 18 amino acids, and also contains calcium, phosphorus, iron and a plurality of vitamins which are necessary for human bodies, is a high-grade health care product with comprehensive nutrition and delicious meat taste, is always considered as a nourishing treasure for people who recover after illness and are old, young and weak, and thus becomes one of the current culture hotspots.
However, the most outstanding problems in the current raw fish culture are that the feed density is too high, the feed nutrition is not balanced enough, and the feed input is large, so that the water pollution problem is brought, and the possibility of occurrence and spread of fish diseases is increased. If a large amount of antibiotics is used in the fish culture process, serious problems such as antibiotic residue and drug resistance can be caused. If the problem can be well solved, the method is beneficial to the large-scale culture of the raw fish.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a feed additive that improves immunity and antioxidant capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides a fermented feed additive and a preparation method thereof, and the fermented feed additive can effectively promote growth, improve oxidation resistance and immunity and reduce diseases.
A fermented feed additive is mainly prepared by fermenting bean pulp and Chinese herbal medicines, wherein the weight ratio of the Chinese herbal medicines to the bean pulp is 1: (10-20);
the Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 20-30 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 8-12 parts of liquorice, 6-10 parts of houttuynia cordata, 5-10 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 3-6 parts of caulis spatholobi, 4-8 parts of acanthopanax senticosus, 5-10 parts of wormwood and 1-5 parts of folium isatidis.
The preparation method of the fermented feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the Chinese herbal medicines and the soybean meal according to the formula, crushing and mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) and (2) taking the mixture prepared in the step (1) as a fermentation culture medium, and adding probiotics for fermentation to prepare the fermented feed additive.
The combination of microorganisms and Chinese herbal medicines has become a hot spot of research in recent years due to the advantages of safety, greenness and no residue. Related researches in recent years show that the utilization rate of effective components of the Chinese herbal medicine can be increased by fermenting the Chinese herbal medicine with microorganisms, and the drug effect is improved; meanwhile, the rich enzyme system contained in the microorganism can modify the active ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicines to generate new effective substances, and has the advantages of reducing the toxic and side effects of the Chinese herbal medicines, saving resources, protecting the environment and the like.
The selected Chinese herbal medicine composition in the fermented feed additive has the effects of enhancing the immunity and disease resistance of organisms, protecting liver and gallbladder and promoting ingestion. The fermented feed additive contains abundant beneficial bacteria (lactobacillus and bacillus) and beneficial bacteria metabolites (various enzymes, small peptides and the like), and can regulate intestinal flora, inhibit propagation of harmful bacteria, improve the absorption and utilization rate of intestinal tracts to feed and promote intestinal health. The components in the Chinese herbal medicines can also promote the proliferation of microorganisms, promote the fermentation process of the soybean meal, improve the fermentation efficiency of the soybean meal, effectively eliminate or degrade anti-nutritional factors in the soybean meal, improve the content of small peptides and amino acids and improve the quality of the soybean meal. The soybean meal and the Chinese herbal medicines are mixed and fermented, so that the effect of the soybean meal-Chinese herbal medicines fermented tea is stronger than that of the soybean meal-Chinese herbal medicines fermented tea which are fermented separately.
Preferably, the raw material in the step (1) is crushed and then screened by a 30-50 mesh screen.
Preferably, the water content of the fermentation medium in the step (2) is 40-60%. The water content of the fermentation medium can be made to meet the range requirement by supplementing water.
Preferably, the probiotics in step (2) comprise saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, aspergillus oryzae and bacillus subtilis.
More preferably, the inoculation amount of the probiotics is 5-8% of the mass of the fermentation medium. Wherein the dosage ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae, the plant lactic acid bacteria, the aspergillus oryzae and the bacillus subtilis is 1:1:1: 2.
preferably, the fermentation time in the step (2) is 66-72 hours.
A feed comprises the fermented feed additive.
Preferably, the addition amount of the fermented feed additive in the feed is 15-40%.
The feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of the fermented feed additive, 25-32 parts of fish meal, 4-6 parts of chicken meal, 2-3 parts of corn protein powder, 2-3 parts of wheat gluten, 20-22 parts of flour, 2-4 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of soybean oil, 1-1.2 parts of vitamin premix, 1-1.2 parts of mineral premix, 0.3-1 part of betaine, 0.5-1 part of choline chloride and 0.5-1.2 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
The fish meal content in the raw fish feed on the market is higher at present, so that the feed cost is increased, and the water body condition is deteriorated, so that the incidence rate of diseases is increased. The fermented soybean meal can only partially replace fish meal, and the large amount of fish meal in raw fish feed cannot be controlled. According to the invention, by adding the fermented feed additive into raw fish feed, a good effect of promoting the growth of raw fish can be achieved when the amount of fish meal is reduced, and the fermentation level of the soybean meal is effectively improved by the co-fermentation of the Chinese herbal medicines and the soybean meal, and the action effect of the Chinese herbal medicines is enhanced.
Preferably, the vitamin premix comprises the following components in each kilogram: 200-220 mg of vitamin A, 115-23 mg of vitamin B, 2200-220 mg of vitamin B, 90-120 mg of nicotinic acid, 180-220 mg of calcium pantothenate, 100-120 mg of pyridoxine, 20-40 mg of folic acid, 121.0-1.5 mg of vitamin B, 430-460 mg of vitamin C, 4-6 mg of vitamin D, 180-220 mg of vitamin E, 30-55 mg of vitamin K, 8-10 mg of biotin, 230-245 mg of inositol and the balance of bran.
Preferably, the mineral premix comprises the following components in each kilogram: 760-820 mg of ferrous sulfate, 6-10 mg of copper sulfate, 100-120 mg of manganese sulfate, 140-160 mg of cobalt chloride, 15-25 mg of sodium selenite, 140-160 mg of calcium iodate, 230-250 mg of zinc sulfate, 800-900 mg of magnesium sulfate, 1100-1300 mg of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of zeolite powder.
The preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing fish meal, chicken meal, corn protein powder, gluten powder and flour according to the formula ratio, mixing and crushing to obtain a mixture A;
(2) weighing a fermented feed additive, a vitamin premix, a mineral premix, betaine, choline chloride and soybean oil according to the formula ratio, and mixing with the mixture A in the step (1) to obtain a mixture B;
(3) and (3) tempering, granulating and drying the mixture B in the step (2), and spraying fish oil on the surface to obtain the feed.
Preferably, after the crushing in the step (1), screening the crushed powder by a screen of 80-90 meshes.
Preferably, the method for tempering in step (3) comprises: the tempering method in the step (3) comprises the following steps: and introducing 90-95 ℃ steam into the mixture B for tempering, wherein the tempering time is 5-10 minutes.
Preferably, the temperature of the granulation in the step (3) is 95-100 ℃.
Preferably, the drying temperature in the step (3) is 85-90 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the fermented feed additive improves the release of the active ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicine by fermenting various microorganisms (saccharomyces cerevisiae, plant lactic acid bacteria, aspergillus oryzae and bacillus subtilis), reduces the toxicity of the Chinese herbal medicine and improves the palatability.
(2) The fermented feed additive disclosed by the invention has the advantages that each Chinese herbal medicine is common raw materials, so that the cost is low; the Chinese herbal medicine has the effects of improving immunity, protecting liver and gallbladder and promoting ingestion; by co-fermenting the Chinese herbal medicines and the soybean meal, the probiotics are greatly increased, the intestinal flora can be adjusted, the reproduction of harmful bacteria is inhibited, the absorption and utilization rate of the intestinal tract to the feed is improved, and the intestinal health is promoted.
(3) According to the fermented feed additive, Chinese herbal medicines and the soybean meal are mixed for common fermentation, so that the fermentation process of the soybean meal can be promoted, the fermentation efficiency is improved, anti-nutritional factors in the soybean meal are effectively eliminated or degraded, the content of small peptides and amino acids is improved, and the quality of the soybean meal is further improved.
(4) The raw fish compound feed reduces the using amount of fish meal in the formula, is favorable for reducing the cost, is also favorable for reducing ammonia nitrogen emission, and controls the pollution to water.
(5) The compound feed for the raw fish can meet the nutritional requirements of the raw fish, can promote the healthy growth of the raw fish, improve the disease resistance, is beneficial to the liver and intestine health of the raw fish, and has high feed digestibility.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples are given for illustration. It should be noted that the following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention.
Example 1
A fermented feed additive is mainly prepared by fermenting soybean meal and Chinese herbal medicines, wherein the weight ratio of the Chinese herbal medicines to the soybean meal is 1: 10;
the composition is mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 26 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 22 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 10 parts of liquorice, 8 parts of houttuynia cordata, 6 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 3 parts of caulis spatholobi, 5 parts of acanthopanax senticosus, 6 parts of wormwood and 2 parts of folium isatidis.
The preparation method of the fermented feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the Chinese herbal medicines and the bean pulp according to the formula, crushing and mixing to obtain a mixture of the bean pulp and the Chinese herbal medicines;
(2) taking the mixture of the soybean meal and the Chinese herbal medicines as a fermentation culture medium, adding probiotics for fermentation, and preparing the fermented feed additive.
Wherein the raw material in the step (1) is crushed and then passes through a 30-mesh screen. And (3) controlling the water content of the fermentation medium in the step (2) to be 40% by adding water. The probiotics in the step (2) comprise saccharomyces cerevisiae, plant lactic acid bacteria, aspergillus oryzae and bacillus subtilis. The inoculation amount of the probiotics is 6% of the mass of the fermentation medium, wherein the dosage ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae, the plant lactic acid bacteria, the aspergillus oryzae and the bacillus subtilis is 1:1:1: 2. The fermentation time in step (2) was 70 hours.
The raw fish compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of fish meal, 22 parts of the fermented feed additive, 5 parts of chicken powder, 2 parts of corn protein powder, 2 parts of wheat gluten, 20 parts of flour, 2 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1 part of mineral premix, 1 part of betaine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.5 part of monocalcium phosphate.
Wherein each kilogram of the vitamin premix contains the following components: 200mg of vitamin A, 120mg of vitamin B120 mg, 2200 mg of vitamin B, 100mg of nicotinic acid, 200mg of calcium pantothenate, 100mg of pyridoxine, 25mg of folic acid, 121.2mg of vitamin B, 450mg of vitamin C, 5mg of vitamin D, 200mg of vitamin E, 40mg of vitamin K, 8mg of biotin, 240mg of inositol and the balance of bran.
Wherein each kilogram of the mineral premix comprises the following components: 800mg of ferrous sulfate, 6mg of copper sulfate, 110mg of manganese sulfate, 150mg of cobalt chloride, 20mg of sodium selenite, 150mg of calcium iodate, 250mg of zinc sulfate, 800mg of magnesium sulfate, 1200mg of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of zeolite powder.
The preparation method of the raw fish compound feed comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing fish meal, chicken meal, corn protein powder, gluten powder and flour according to the formula ratio, mixing and crushing to obtain a mixture A;
(2) weighing the fermented feed additive, the vitamin premix, the mineral premix, the betaine, the choline chloride and the soybean oil according to the formula ratio, and mixing the fermented feed additive, the vitamin premix, the mineral premix, the betaine, the choline chloride and the soybean oil with the mixture A in the step (1) to obtain a mixture B;
(3) and (3) tempering, granulating and drying the mixture B in the step (2), and spraying fish oil on the surface to obtain the raw fish compound feed.
Wherein, after the crushing in the step (1), screening by a 80-mesh screen; the method for tempering in the step (3) comprises the following steps: introducing 93 ℃ water vapor into the mixture B for tempering, wherein the tempering time is 6 minutes; the temperature of the granulation in the step (3) is 98 ℃; the temperature for drying in step (3) was 90 ℃.
Example 2
A fermented feed additive is mainly prepared by fermenting soybean meal and Chinese herbal medicines, wherein the weight ratio of the Chinese herbal medicines to the soybean meal is 1: 12;
the Chinese herbal medicine is mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 25 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 8 parts of liquorice, 6 parts of houttuynia cordata, 8 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 5 parts of caulis spatholobi, 6 parts of acanthopanax senticosus, 8 parts of wormwood and 3 parts of folium isatidis.
The preparation method of the fermented feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the Chinese herbal medicines and the bean pulp according to the formula, crushing and mixing to obtain a mixture of the bean pulp and the Chinese herbal medicines;
(2) taking the mixture of the soybean meal and the Chinese herbal medicines as a fermentation culture medium, adding probiotics for fermentation, and preparing the fermented feed additive.
Wherein the raw material in the step (1) is crushed and then passes through a 40-mesh screen. And (3) controlling the water content of the fermentation medium in the step (2) to be 50% by adding water. The probiotics in the step (2) comprise saccharomyces cerevisiae, plant lactic acid bacteria, aspergillus oryzae and bacillus subtilis. The inoculation amount of the probiotics accounts for 7 percent of the mass of the fermentation medium; wherein the dosage ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae, the plant lactic acid bacteria, the aspergillus oryzae and the bacillus subtilis is 1:1:1: 2. The fermentation time in step (2) was 72 hours.
The raw fish compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: the feed additive comprises, by weight, 34 parts of a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, 28 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of corn protein powder, 2 parts of wheat gluten, 20 parts of flour, 3 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1 part of mineral premix, 0.75 part of betaine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.75 part of monocalcium phosphate.
Wherein each kilogram of the vitamin premix contains the following components: 210mg of vitamin A, 115mg mg of vitamin B, 2200 mg mg of vitamin B, 95mg of nicotinic acid, 200mg of calcium pantothenate, 110mg of pyridoxine, 25mg of folic acid, 121.0 mg of vitamin B, 440mg of vitamin C, 4mg of vitamin D, 200mg of vitamin E, 45mg of vitamin K, 10mg of biotin, 245mg of inositol and the balance of bran.
Wherein each kilogram of the mineral premix comprises the following components: 780mg of ferrous sulfate, 6mg of copper sulfate, 100mg of manganese sulfate, 150mg of cobalt chloride, 20mg of sodium selenite, 140mg of calcium iodate, 250mg of zinc sulfate, 800mg of magnesium sulfate, 1200mg of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of zeolite powder.
The preparation method of the raw fish compound feed comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing fish meal, chicken meal, corn protein powder, gluten powder and flour according to the formula ratio, mixing and crushing to obtain a mixture A;
(2) weighing the fermented feed additive, the vitamin premix, the mineral premix, the betaine, the choline chloride and the soybean oil according to the formula ratio, and mixing the fermented feed additive, the vitamin premix, the mineral premix, the betaine, the choline chloride and the soybean oil with the mixture A in the step (1) to obtain a mixture B;
(3) and (3) tempering, granulating and drying the mixture B in the step (2), and spraying fish oil on the surface to obtain the raw fish compound feed.
Wherein, after the crushing in the step (1), screening by a 80-mesh screen; the method for tempering in the step (3) comprises the following steps: introducing 90 ℃ water vapor into the mixture B for tempering, wherein the tempering time is 8 minutes; the temperature of the granulation in the step (3) is 95 ℃; the temperature for drying in step (3) was 88 ℃.
Example 3
A fermented feed additive is mainly prepared by fermenting soybean meal and Chinese herbal medicines, wherein the weight ratio of the Chinese herbal medicines to the soybean meal is 1: 20;
the Chinese herbal medicine is mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 25 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 9 parts of liquorice, 10 parts of houttuynia cordata, 8 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 5 parts of caulis spatholobi, 6 parts of acanthopanax senticosus, 8 parts of wormwood and 4 parts of folium isatidis.
The preparation method of the fermented feed additive comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the Chinese herbal medicines and the bean pulp according to the formula, crushing and mixing to obtain a mixture of the bean pulp and the Chinese herbal medicines;
(2) taking the mixture of the soybean meal and the Chinese herbal medicines as a fermentation culture medium, adding probiotics for fermentation, and preparing the fermented feed additive.
Wherein the raw material in the step (1) is crushed and then passes through a 50-mesh screen. And (3) controlling the water content of the fermentation medium in the step (2) to be 60% by adding water. The probiotics in the step (2) comprise saccharomyces cerevisiae, plant lactic acid bacteria, aspergillus oryzae and bacillus subtilis. The inoculation amount of the probiotics accounts for 8 percent of the mass of the fermentation medium; wherein the dosage ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae, the plant lactic acid bacteria, the aspergillus oryzae and the bacillus subtilis is 1:1:1: 2. The fermentation time in step (2) was 68 hours.
The raw fish compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: the fermented feed additive comprises 36 parts of fermented feed additive, 30 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of corn protein powder, 2 parts of wheat gluten, 20 parts of flour, 3 parts of fish oil, 1.5 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1 part of mineral premix, 0.75 part of betaine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.75 part of monocalcium phosphate.
Wherein each kilogram of the vitamin premix contains the following components: 220mg of vitamin A, 122 mg of vitamin B, 2210 mg of vitamin B, 115mg of nicotinic acid, 220mg of calcium pantothenate, 120mg of pyridoxine, 35mg of folic acid, 121.2mg of vitamin B, 450mg of vitamin C, 6mg of vitamin D, 220mg of vitamin E, 55mg of vitamin K, 10mg of biotin, 245mg of inositol and the balance of bran.
Wherein each kilogram of the mineral premix comprises the following components: 800mg of ferrous sulfate, 9mg of copper sulfate, 120mg of manganese sulfate, 150mg of cobalt chloride, 25mg of sodium selenite, 150mg of calcium iodate, 250mg of zinc sulfate, 850mg of magnesium sulfate, 1200mg of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of zeolite powder.
The preparation method of the raw fish compound feed comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing fish meal, chicken meal, corn protein powder, gluten powder and flour according to the formula ratio, mixing and crushing to obtain a mixture A;
(2) weighing the fermented feed additive, the vitamin premix, the mineral premix, the betaine, the choline chloride and the soybean oil according to the formula ratio, and mixing the fermented feed additive, the vitamin premix, the mineral premix, the betaine, the choline chloride and the soybean oil with the mixture A in the step (1) to obtain a mixture B;
(3) and (3) tempering, granulating and drying the mixture B in the step (2), and spraying fish oil on the surface to obtain the raw fish compound feed.
Wherein, after the crushing in the step (1), the mixture is screened by a 90-mesh screen; the method for tempering in the step (3) comprises the following steps: introducing 95 ℃ water vapor into the mixture B for tempering, wherein the tempering time is 5 minutes; the temperature of the granulation in the step (3) is 95 ℃; the temperature for drying in step (3) was 88 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The raw fish feed in the comparative example 1 is a commercially available common commercial raw fish expanded feed, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 42 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5 parts of peanut meal, 5 parts of chicken powder, 20 parts of flour, 2 parts of fish oil, 4 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1 part of mineral premix, 1 part of betaine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.5 part of monocalcium phosphate.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the example 1, the raw fish compound feed in the comparative example 2 has basically the same components and preparation method, and is characterized in that the Chinese herbal medicines are independently fermented (the fermentation method is the same as the example 1), and the fermented soybean meal is purchased from the market; the raw fish compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of separately fermented Chinese herbal medicines, 20 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5 parts of chicken meal, 2 parts of corn protein powder, 2 parts of wheat gluten, 20 parts of flour, 2 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1 part of mineral premix, 1 part of betaine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.5 part of monocalcium phosphate.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the example 1, the raw fish compound feed in the comparative example 3 has basically the same components and preparation method, and is characterized in that the used Chinese herbal medicines are not fermented, and the soybean meal is fermented independently (the fermentation method is the same as the example 1); the raw fish compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of Chinese herbal medicines, 20 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5 parts of chicken powder, 2 parts of corn protein powder, 2 parts of wheat gluten, 20 parts of flour, 2 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1 part of mineral premix, 1 part of betaine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.5 part of monocalcium phosphate.
Product effectiveness testing
The raw fish feed in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 3 is adopted to carry out growth and culture tests on raw fish.
The invention adopts a circulating water culture system to carry out growth culture tests, the circulating water culture system consists of 18 cylindrical experimental barrels, the diameter of each culture barrel is 80cm, the height of each culture barrel is 90cm, and the actual water capacity is 400L during culture. The method comprises the following steps of randomly dividing 720 raw fishes purchased from the market and having basically the same growth conditions into 6 groups, repeating 3 fish groups in each group, repeating 40 fish groups in each group, and performing growth and culture experiments under the environmental conditions of the same temperature, pH value and the like for 60 days; the feeding method and the culture condition are both conventional methods and conditions.
After the culture test is finished, the weight gain rate, the feed coefficient, the survival rate, the protein efficiency and the specific growth rate are measured, and the calculation formula of each index is as follows:
the weight gain (%) is (end average weight-initial average weight) × 100/initial average weight;
specific growth rate (%/d) 100 × (end ln weight-initial ln weight)/day of rearing;
survival (%) (residual fish mantissa at the end of experiment/fish tail released at the beginning of experiment) × 100;
the feed coefficient is the feed feeding amount/(final average weight-initial average weight);
protein efficiency (final weight-initial weight)/protein feed.
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002332779090000091
Remarking: the presence of at least one identical lower case letter (a, b, c, d) after the average in the same row indicates no significant difference and vice versa significant (P < 0.05).
As shown in Table 1, the weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency and feed factor of raw fish were not significantly different (P > 0.05) in the raw fish feeds of examples 1-3 compared to the commercial conventional expanded raw fish feed of comparative example 1, although the amount of fish meal was significantly reduced. The fermented feed additive is proved to be added into the feed, so that the effect of promoting the growth of the raw fish can be realized under the condition of reducing the using amount of the fish meal in the feed.
The growth rate of the raw fish is better due to the higher content of the fish meal in the common commercial raw fish expanded feed in the comparative example 1, but the survival rate of the raw fish is obviously reduced compared with that in the examples 1-3, and the obvious difference (P <0.05) is achieved, which shows that the fermented Chinese herbal medicine components play an important role in improving the survival rate in the raw fish culture.
Compared with the example 1, the raw fish fed with the raw fish feed of the comparative example 2 has poor detection indexes of weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency and feed coefficient and lower survival rate, which indicates that the Chinese herbal medicines and the bean pulp are respectively fermented independently, and the promotion effect on the growth of the raw fish is not as good as that of the Chinese herbal medicines and the bean pulp which are mixed and fermented together. The Chinese herbal medicines and the bean pulp are proved to be fermented together to really promote the fermentation process of the bean pulp, improve the fermentation efficiency, effectively eliminate or degrade anti-nutritional factors in the bean pulp, improve the content of small peptides and amino acids and further improve the quality of the bean pulp; and the efficacy of the Chinese herbal medicine components is enhanced, and the survival rate of the raw fish is improved.
Compared with the comparative example 2, the Chinese herbal medicine components in the comparative example 3 are not fermented, the survival rate and the weight gain rate in the comparative example 3 are lower, and the fact that the Chinese herbal medicine components can achieve better effects only through fermentation is proved.
After the culture test is finished, the influence of the raw fish feed in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 3 on the body shape and the conventional nutrient content of muscles of the raw fish is measured, and the test results are shown in table 2:
liver mass (%) is 100 × liver mass/end body mass;
organ mass ratio (%) -100 x organ mass/terminal body mass;
fullness (g/cm)3) 100 × (body weight/body length)3)。
TABLE 2
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Comparative example 3
Liver body ratio (%) 2.42±0.05b 2.44±0.04b 2.41±0.05b 2.38±0.06a 2.42±0.06b 2.40±0.05b
Visceral volume ratio (%) 9.31±0.04 9.30±0.05 9.32±0.03 9.33±0.05 9.30±0.04 9.31±0.03
Fullness (g/cm)3) 1.39±0.02 1.40±0.03 1.39±0.05 1.36±0.04 1.38±0.03 1.35±0.05
Crude protein (%) 19.41±0.06b 19.42±0.08b 19.41±0.08b 19.36±0.09a 19.40±0.06b 19.38±0.07ab
Crude fat (%) 1.23±0.02 1.20±0.04 1.21±0.03 1.22±0.05 1.22±0.04 1.21±0.05
Coarse ash (%) 1.39±0.02 1.37±0.03 1.39±0.03 1.41±0.03 1.40±0.03 1.41±0.02
Moisture (%) 77.58±0.22 77.43±0.12 77.19±0.15 77.22±0.15 77.27±0.17 77.39±0.11
Remarking: the presence of at least one identical lower case letter (a, b, c, d) after the average in the same row indicates no significant difference and vice versa significant (P < 0.05).
As shown in table 2, from the body type index of the raw fish, there was no significant difference between the other groups except for comparative example 1 where the liver body ratio was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P < 0.05); according to the conventional raw fish muscle, compared with the comparative example 1, the difference of water, crude fat and crude ash in the raw fish muscle is not obvious in examples 1 to 3, but the content of crude protein is obviously different, which shows that the raw fish compound feed in examples 1 to 3 can promote the deposition of the raw fish muscle protein and improve the content of the crude protein compared with the common commercial raw fish feed.
After the culture test is finished, the influence of the raw fish feed in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 3 on the biochemical indexes of the serum of the raw fish is measured, and the test result is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0002332779090000111
Remarking: the presence of at least one identical lower case letter (a, b, c, d) after the average in the same row indicates no significant difference and vice versa significant (P < 0.05).
As shown in table 3, the raw fish fed with the raw fish feed of examples 1-3 had lower contents of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and serum triglyceride than the commercial normal commercial raw fish expanded feed of comparative example 1, with significant difference (P < 0.05); and superoxide dismutase SOD activity in serum is higher, and the significant difference is realized (P < 0.05). The fermented feed additive is proved to be added into the feed, so that the oxidation resistance of the raw fish serum can be improved under the condition of reducing the using amount of fish meal in the feed. Compared with comparative examples 2-3, the superoxide dismutase SOD activity of the raw fish serum in examples 1-3 is higher; compared with comparative example 3 in which unfermented Chinese herbal medicines are added, the contents of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and triglyceride and the activity of superoxide dismutase in examples 1-3 are significantly different (P <0.05), which proves that the antioxidant capacity of the serum of the raw fish is more favorably improved by the co-fermentation of the Chinese herbal medicines and the soybean meal.
After the culture test is finished, the influence of the raw fish feed in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 on the oxidation resistance of the liver of the raw fish is measured, and the test results are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
Figure BDA0002332779090000121
Remarking: the presence of at least one identical lower case letter (a, b, c, d) after the average in the same row indicates no significant difference and vice versa significant (P < 0.05).
As shown in table 4, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in livers of raw fish fed with the raw fish feeds of examples 1 to 3 were higher and significantly different (P <0.05) compared to the commercial expanded feed for ordinary commercial raw fish of comparative example 1; and the malondialdehyde content is low, and the significance is remarkable (P is less than 0.05). The fermented feed additive is added into the feed, so that the oxidation resistance of the livers of the raw fish can be effectively improved and the immunity of the raw fish can be enhanced under the condition of reducing the using amount of fish meal in the feed.
Compared with comparative examples 2-3, the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity of the live fish liver in examples 1-3 is higher, and the malondialdehyde content is lower, so that the oxidation resistance index is better; compared with the comparative example 3 added with unfermented Chinese herbal medicines, the indexes of the antioxidant capacity in the examples 1-3 have significant difference (P < 0.05). The Chinese herbal medicines and the soybean meal are jointly fermented, so that the liver oxidation resistance of the raw fish is improved, and the healthy growth of the raw fish is promoted.

Claims (10)

1. A fermented feed additive is characterized by being mainly prepared by fermenting bean pulp and Chinese herbal medicines, wherein the weight ratio of the Chinese herbal medicines to the bean pulp is 1: (10-20);
the Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 20-30 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 8-12 parts of liquorice, 6-10 parts of houttuynia cordata, 5-10 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 3-6 parts of caulis spatholobi, 4-8 parts of acanthopanax senticosus, 5-10 parts of wormwood and 1-5 parts of folium isatidis.
2. A method for preparing a fermented feed additive according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing the Chinese herbal medicines and the soybean meal according to the formula, crushing and mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) and (2) taking the mixture prepared in the step (1) as a fermentation culture medium, and adding probiotics for fermentation to prepare the fermented feed additive.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the raw material in the step (1) is pulverized and then passed through a 30-50 mesh screen.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the water content of the fermentation medium in the step (2) is 40 to 60%.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the probiotic bacteria in step (2) include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus oryzae, and Bacillus subtilis.
6. A feed comprising the fermented feed additive of claim 1.
7. The feed of claim 6, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the fermented feed additive of claim 1, wherein the fermented feed additive comprises 30-40 parts of fish meal, 25-32 parts of chicken meal, 4-6 parts of chicken meal, 2-3 parts of corn protein powder, 2-3 parts of wheat gluten, 20-22 parts of flour, 2-4 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of soybean oil, 1-1.2 parts of vitamin premix, 1-1.2 parts of mineral premix, 0.3-1 part of betaine, 0.5-1 part of choline chloride and 0.5-1.2 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
8. A method of preparing the feed of claim 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing fish meal, chicken meal, corn protein powder, gluten powder and flour according to the formula ratio, mixing and crushing to obtain a mixture A;
(2) weighing a fermented feed additive, a vitamin premix, a mineral premix, betaine, choline chloride and soybean oil according to the formula ratio, and mixing with the mixture A in the step (1) to obtain a mixture B;
(3) and (3) tempering, granulating and drying the mixture B in the step (2), and spraying fish oil on the surface to obtain the feed.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the tempering in the step (3) is: and introducing 90-95 ℃ steam into the mixture B for tempering, wherein the tempering time is 5-10 minutes.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the temperature of the granulation in the step (3) is 95 to 100 ℃.
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