CN110970987B - Power management circuit with self-on-off switch capacitor network - Google Patents
Power management circuit with self-on-off switch capacitor network Download PDFInfo
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- CN110970987B CN110970987B CN201911214491.9A CN201911214491A CN110970987B CN 110970987 B CN110970987 B CN 110970987B CN 201911214491 A CN201911214491 A CN 201911214491A CN 110970987 B CN110970987 B CN 110970987B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
The invention relates to a power management circuit with a self-switching switched capacitor network, and belongs to the field of power management circuits. The power management circuit comprises a rectifying circuit, a switched capacitor network circuit, an auxiliary power supply, a MOSFET control circuit and a DC-DC buck voltage-stabilizing output circuit. The rectification circuit is a bridge type full-wave rectification circuit formed by 4 Schottky barrier diodes; the switch capacitor network circuit comprises a series charging loop formed by a high-voltage-resistant small-capacity electrolytic capacitor and a low-forward-turn-on voltage high-reverse breakdown voltage diode, and N-channel enhanced MOSFET is respectively connected with a parallel discharging loop formed by the anode and the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor. The invention can be applied to the field of micropower energy collection, and can greatly shorten the capacitor charging time and improve the energy utilization efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power management circuits, and relates to a power management circuit with a self-switching switched capacitor network.
Background
The energy collection technology is an emerging technology for collecting ambient stray energy, such as electric field energy, electromagnetic energy, vibration energy, friction energy and the like, converting the obtained energy into electric energy with stable voltage output, and driving a low-power consumption power module. Around the power line, there is low energy density electric field energy; vibration energy and friction energy of higher voltage and lower current exist on other mechanical equipment such as factory machine tools, conveyor belts and the like. In the prior energy collection technology research, different energy collectors are respectively designed according to different energies, and the energy in a stray state in the environment is converted into electric energy in an unstable state through the energy collectors. The micro-power energy collection power supply management circuit is used for converting the electric energy in an unstable state into stable voltage and outputting a power supply with certain driving capability. The power consumption of the internet of things, the intelligent sensor, the intelligent wearable equipment and the like is lower and lower, and the energy collection technology provides a sustainable energy supply scheme, so that the development of the related fields is greatly promoted.
Currently, micropower energy harvesting power management circuits typically include a rectifying circuit, an energy storage circuit, and a DC-DC conversion circuit. The power management circuits are different according to the characteristics of different energy collectors. However, the main problem faced in common is that the power management circuit has low energy extraction efficiency and high power management circuit loss.
The output power of the micro-power energy harvester is very low, typically a few mW, even a few uW. Therefore, the power management circuit matched with the micro-power energy collector is very required to reduce energy loss, store more energy output by the energy collector, and improve energy extraction efficiency and utilization efficiency. This is of great importance for the miniaturization and practical use of energy harvesting technology.
In the existing energy collection power supply management circuit design, an energy storage unit mainly adopts single-capacitor energy storage. In order to meet the driving requirement of the rear-end power utilization module, the energy storage capacitor is generally larger, and hundreds of uF or tens of mF are generally selected. According to energy conservation, the energy output by the energy collector is E H ＝U O Q O While the energy available by the energy storage capacitor is
The energy extraction efficiency is only 50%. The main factors influencing the energy efficiency of the energy storage capacitor are from the voltage difference between the output voltage of the collector and the voltage of the energy storage capacitor, the larger the capacitor is, the larger the voltage difference of each link in the charging process is, the longer the duration is, and the larger the loss is. The switch capacitor network designed in the invention has smaller equivalent capacitance during series charging along with the increase of capacitance and switch quantity, the voltage rise in the charging process is faster, the differential pressure of each link is smaller, the duration time is shorter, and the energy extraction efficiency is closer to 100%.
Conventionally, in the design of a switched capacitor network circuit, a microcontroller is generally used for controlling a switch, and self-switching cannot be realized. And, the energy loss from the microcontroller is very detrimental to the energy harvesting application. According to the actual MOSFET switch control condition, the invention utilizes the auxiliary power supply and the control circuit to realize the self-on and off of the switch capacitor network. The loss is lower, and the energy extraction efficiency and the utilization efficiency are higher.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a power management circuit with a self-switching capacitor network, and a power management circuit design with a self-switching capacitor network. The power management circuit adopts a broken line type switch capacitor network, and is connected with an N-channel MOSFET switch by using the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the tail capacitor as references, so that the expansion can be continued according to the output characteristics of the energy collector. The auxiliary power supply adopts a chip LTC3588 to acquire energy from the energy collector, and charges the bootstrap capacitor by taking the end capacitor anode of the switched capacitor network as analog ground, so that the bootstrap capacitor always maintains 3.3V voltage difference relative to the end capacitor anode of the switched capacitor network. The voltage monitoring circuit monitors the series charging upper limit voltage and the parallel discharging lower limit voltage of the switched capacitor network by adopting a resistor voltage dividing network respectively, and when the set threshold voltage is reached, a control signal is sent to the control circuit. The MOSFET switch control circuit adopts a voltage comparator, and the inverter simultaneously controls a plurality of MOSFET switches according to a control signal. The DC-DC buck voltage stabilizing output circuit adopts a chip LT8608 to convert the energy released by the switched capacitor network into stable 3.3V power supply output. The power management circuit can shorten the time for acquiring the same energy to 1/3 of the time for charging by adopting a single large capacitor. The energy extraction efficiency is higher.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a power management circuit with a self-switching switched capacitor network comprises a rectifying circuit, a switched capacitor network circuit, an auxiliary power supply, a MOSFET control circuit and a DC-DC buck voltage-stabilizing output circuit;
the rectifying circuit is a bridge type full-wave rectifying circuit formed by 4 Schottky barrier diodes;
the switch capacitor network circuit comprises a series charging loop formed by a high-voltage-resistant small-capacity electrolytic capacitor and a low-forward-turn-on voltage high-reverse breakdown voltage diode, and N-channel enhancement type MOSFETs are respectively connected with a parallel discharging loop formed by the anode and the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor;
the auxiliary power supply and MOSFET control circuit comprises a bootstrap capacitor charging circuit formed by a chip LTC3588-1, a low-power-consumption voltage monitoring circuit formed by an ADM8641, a bootstrap capacitor, a low-power-consumption voltage comparator and a control circuit formed by an MOSFET;
the DC-DC buck voltage stabilizing output circuit comprises a high-efficiency voltage stabilizing output circuit formed by a chip LT8608 and is used for converting capacitor release energy into stable low-ripple 3.3V power supply output.
Optionally, the rectifying circuit rectifies the stray alternating current energy collected by the micropower energy collector into direct current energy through 4 schottky barrier diodes to charge the capacitor network.
Optionally, the switched capacitor network circuit forms a charging loop through a diode series capacitor, so as to reduce the number of MOSFET switches in the traditional switched capacitor network, reduce the control difficulty and loss, and realize better voltage equalizing of the capacitor; the MOSFET switch is turned on to form a parallel discharge loop, and the 60V voltage when the capacitors are connected in series is converted into the 12V voltage when the capacitors are connected in parallel.
Optionally, the auxiliary power supply and MOSFET control circuit includes: the micro-power charging circuit, the voltage monitoring circuit and the MOSFET switch control circuit;
the micropower charging circuit converts stray alternating-current energy obtained from the energy collector into stable direct-current energy to charge the bootstrap capacitor;
a bootstrap capacitor of 1uf is used as a power supply of the MOSFET control circuit;
the voltage monitoring circuit monitors the upper limit voltage of the switched capacitor network when the switched capacitor network is charged in series and the lower limit voltage of the switched capacitor network when the switched capacitor network is discharged in parallel through the resistor voltage dividing network;
the MOSFET control circuit receives the control signal from the voltage monitoring circuit, and the MOSFET switch in the switching capacitance network is turned on or turned off through an inverter formed by MOSFETs and a low-power comparator.
Optionally, the DC-DC buck voltage stabilizing output circuit is formed by a chip LT8608 and its peripheral circuit, so as to receive energy released from the switched capacitor network, convert the voltage of 4-12V into stable power voltage of 3.3V, output the power voltage when the output power voltage drops to a certain voltage, feed back a grounding signal to the voltage monitoring circuit, and the voltage monitoring circuit gives a MOSFET turn-off signal, so that the switched capacitor network continues to charge.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a broken line type switched capacitor network circuit, a voltage monitoring circuit for realizing the self-on and off of the switched capacitor network, an auxiliary power supply and a MOSFET switch control circuit. According to the series-parallel principle of the capacitors, when the capacitors are charged in series, the equivalent capacitance is small, the charging speed is high, and the energy extraction efficiency is higher. When the capacitor is discharged in parallel, the equivalent capacitance is large, the smaller voltage difference releases more energy, and the loss of the voltage-reducing and voltage-stabilizing circuit is reduced. The power supply output adopts a DC-DC buck voltage-stabilizing output circuit, and the energy utilization efficiency is higher than that of the LDO voltage-stabilizing output circuit, and the load capacity is stronger.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in the following preferred detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of a power management circuit design with a self-switching switched capacitor network;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power management circuit of a self-switching switched capacitor network;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the power management circuit operation logic;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a charge-discharge loop of a switched capacitor network;
fig. 5 is a graph comparing a switched capacitor network with a conventional single capacitor charging curve.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present invention by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to limit the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., that indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or suggesting that the referred device or element must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, so that the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that the specific meaning of the above terms may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the whole structure of the invention, and the power management circuit mainly comprises a rectifying circuit, a switched capacitor network, a voltage monitoring circuit, an auxiliary power supply, a switch control circuit and a DC-DC buck voltage stabilizing output circuit. The rectifying circuit is a bridge type full-wave rectifying circuit formed by 4 Schottky barrier diodes; the switch capacitor network circuit comprises a series charging loop formed by a high-voltage-resistant small-capacity electrolytic capacitor and a low-forward-turn-on voltage high-reverse breakdown voltage diode, and N-channel enhancement type MOSFETs are respectively connected with a parallel discharging loop formed by the anode and the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor; the auxiliary power supply and MOSFET control circuit comprises a bootstrap capacitor charging circuit formed by a chip LTC3588-1, a low-power-consumption voltage monitoring circuit formed by an ADM8641, a bootstrap capacitor, a low-power-consumption voltage comparator and a control circuit formed by an MOSFET; the DC-DC buck voltage-stabilizing output circuit comprises a high-efficiency voltage-stabilizing output circuit formed by a chip LT8608, and can convert capacitor release energy into stable low-ripple 3.3V power supply output.
The switched capacitor network circuit is used as an important energy storage part of the whole power management circuit, and is used for bearing the rectifying circuit and storing energy. The high-voltage-resistant small-capacity electrolytic capacitor is connected with the diode alternately end to form a broken line type capacitor serial charging structure; on the basis of a capacitor series charging structure, the anode and the cathode of the tail capacitor are respectively used as references, and all the anode and the cathode of the front capacitor are connected to the anode and the cathode of the tail capacitor through an N-channel MOSFET.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a power management circuit of a self-switching switched capacitor network is shown. In the technical field of energy collection, energy acquired by an energy collector from the environment is very limited, and previous researches show that the output power utilization efficiency of the energy collector by a power management circuit is generally not high, so that the improvement of the output power utilization efficiency of the energy collector is particularly important. The main reason is that the equivalent impedance of the power management circuit is too small compared to the internal equivalent impedance of the energy harvester. Therefore, the switch capacitor network is utilized to connect the equivalent capacitance in series, so that the equivalent impedance of the power management circuit is increased and the acquired power is larger when the power management circuit is charged. Has very good inspiring and pushing effects on the energy collection technology.
As shown in fig. 3, a logic flow diagram is provided for the power management circuit. The energy collector provides energy input and converts stray alternating current energy into direct current oscillation energy through the rectifying circuit. The direct current rectifying energy flows into the switched capacitor network and begins to charge the capacitor network. The voltage monitoring circuit monitors the voltage of the switched capacitor network in series connection and the voltage of the switched capacitor network in parallel connection and discharge in real time. When the switch capacitor network is charged to 60V in series, the voltage monitoring circuit sends control signals to the inverter and the voltage comparator in the switch control circuit, the switch control circuit controls the switch inside the switch capacitor network to be turned on, the capacitor network is changed from series connection to parallel connection, the capacitors are connected in parallel to obtain about 12V of voltage equalizing, meanwhile, the load switch is turned on, and the switch capacitor network starts to discharge in parallel from 12V. The energy flows into the DC-DC buck voltage stabilizing circuit, and the buck chip with the sleep mode is adopted, so that the energy can be efficiently converted into 3.3V power supply to be output, and the low-power consumption electricity utilization module is driven. When the capacitor network discharges to 3V, the inverter and the voltage comparator also receive control signals from the voltage monitoring circuit, and the switch control circuit controls the switch and the load switch in the switch capacitor network to be closed. The capacitor network continues to charge, so that the self-switching of the switched capacitor network in the circuit is realized.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a charge-discharge loop of the switched capacitor network. When the switch capacitor network is charged, the MOSFET switch is not opened, current energy flows through the capacitor-diode-capacitor, and the capacitor network presents a series charging loop. The capacitor network is charged to a certain voltage value, the switch in the capacitor network is opened, the MOSFET switch with low on-resistance is connected with the positive terminals of all the capacitors, and the negative terminals of all the capacitors are also connected, so that the capacitors are connected in parallel to be equivalent to a capacitor with a large capacitance value, and the discharge is started. During discharging, the diode avoids current backflow of a single capacitor, and capacitor voltage equalizing and parallel discharging loops are well realized.
Fig. 5 is a graph comparing a switched capacitor network with a conventional single capacitor charging curve. According to the charging formula of the capacitor:
in the formula (1), the components are as follows,U 0 charging voltage which can be provided for the micropower energy collector; u (U) C Is a capacitor voltage; t is the time constant T=RC (R: equivalent impedance of the circuit other than the storage capacitor; C: capacitance value of the capacitor). In a switched capacitor network, 5 10uF capacitors are equivalent in series to one 2uF capacitor. It can be seen that the time constant is significantly less than with a conventional single 50uF capacitor when the switched capacitor network is charged, and the charging speed is faster. In fig. 5, the switched capacitor network and the conventional single capacitor are charged with the same micropower energy harvester, respectively. The capacitor network charges to 60V for about 90s and the single capacitor charges to 12V for about 390s. According to a capacitance energy storage formula:
the switched capacitor stores energy about:
the single capacitance energy storage is about:
the charging power obtained by the switched capacitor network is about:
the charging power obtained by the single capacitor is about:
it can be seen that the switched capacitor network energy extraction efficiency is improved by a factor of about 4.3 compared to when a single capacitor is charged. Has very good gain effect in the technical field of energy collection.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A power management circuit having a self-switching switched capacitor network, characterized by: the DC-DC buck voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a rectifying circuit, a switched capacitor network circuit, an auxiliary power supply, a MOSFET control circuit and a DC-DC buck voltage stabilizing output circuit;
the rectifying circuit is a bridge type full-wave rectifying circuit formed by 4 Schottky barrier diodes;
the switch capacitor network circuit comprises a series charging loop formed by a high-voltage-resistant small-capacity electrolytic capacitor and a low-forward-turn-on voltage high-reverse breakdown voltage diode, and N-channel enhancement type MOSFETs are respectively connected with a parallel discharging loop formed by the anode and the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor;
the auxiliary power supply and MOSFET control circuit comprises a bootstrap capacitor charging circuit formed by a chip LTC3588-1, a low-power-consumption voltage monitoring circuit formed by an ADM8641, a bootstrap capacitor, a low-power-consumption voltage comparator and a control circuit formed by an MOSFET;
the DC-DC buck voltage-stabilizing output circuit comprises a high-efficiency voltage-stabilizing output circuit formed by a chip LT8608 and is used for converting capacitor released energy into stable low-ripple 3.3V power supply output;
the auxiliary power supply and MOSFET control circuit includes: the micro-power charging circuit, the voltage monitoring circuit and the MOSFET switch control circuit;
the micropower charging circuit converts stray alternating-current energy obtained from the energy collector into stable direct-current energy to charge the bootstrap capacitor;
a bootstrap capacitor of 1uf is used as a power supply of the MOSFET control circuit;
the voltage monitoring circuit monitors the upper limit voltage of the switched capacitor network when the switched capacitor network is charged in series and the lower limit voltage of the switched capacitor network when the switched capacitor network is discharged in parallel through the resistor voltage dividing network;
the MOSFET control circuit receives the control signal from the voltage monitoring circuit, and the MOSFET switch in the switching capacitance network is turned on or turned off through an inverter formed by MOSFETs and a low-power comparator.
2. A power management circuit with a self-switching switched capacitor network as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the rectification circuit rectifies stray alternating current energy collected by the micropower energy collector into direct current energy through 4 Schottky barrier diodes to charge a capacitor network.
3. A power management circuit with a self-switching switched capacitor network as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the switch capacitor network circuit forms a charging loop through the diode series capacitor, is used for reducing the number of MOSFET switches in the traditional switch capacitor network, reducing the control difficulty and loss, and realizing better voltage equalizing of the capacitor; the MOSFET switch is turned on to form a parallel discharge loop, and the 60V voltage when the capacitors are connected in series is converted into the 12V voltage when the capacitors are connected in parallel.
4. A power management circuit with a self-switching switched capacitor network as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the DC-DC buck voltage stabilizing output circuit is composed of a chip LT8608 and peripheral circuits thereof, and is used for receiving energy released by a switched capacitor network, converting 4-12V voltage into stable 3.3V power supply voltage and outputting the power supply voltage when the output power supply voltage is reduced to
A certain voltage is fed back to a grounding signal of the voltage monitoring circuit, the voltage monitoring circuit gives a MOSFET turn-off signal,
the switched capacitor network continues to charge.
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