CN110967736B - Single-point seismic acquisition system and seismic data synchronization and calibration method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A single point seismic acquisition system and a method for synchronizing and calibrating seismic data are disclosed. The system comprises a data processor, a plurality of data recovery units and a plurality of single-point acquisition units, wherein: the data recovery units correspond to the single-point acquisition units one by one; the single-point acquisition unit receives the analog electric signal, converts the analog electric signal into a digital signal, and acquires and stores acquired data; the data recovery unit acquires the acquired data from the corresponding single-point acquisition unit and transmits the acquired data to the data processor; the data processor receives the collected data and carries out correction processing on the collected data. The invention corrects the information stored when the GPS can not output the second pulse, solves the problem of continuous acquisition synchronization when the PPS is absent under the conditions of complex terrain and complex weather, improves the application range of acquisition equipment, provides high-precision and high-quality data for the application of geophysical prospecting technologies such as microseism monitoring and the like, and obviously improves the accuracy of seismic exploration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seismic exploration, in particular to a single-point seismic acquisition system and a seismic data synchronization and calibration method.
Background
Since the development of seismic exploration techniques in the thirties of the last century, seismic recording instruments and seismic geophysical prospecting techniques have been developed. In the process of the development of the seismic geophysical prospecting technology in the last hundred years, seismic acquisition equipment is key equipment of the seismic geophysical prospecting technology, the equipment and the development of the seismic geophysical prospecting technology are complementary, and the technical level, the performance index and the application effect of the equipment are directly related to the effect of seismic acquisition data.
With the change of exploration and development targets, the seismic geophysical prospecting technology develops towards different directions, and the requirements on a receiving system of seismic acquisition equipment are greatly changed. In recent decades, fracture micro-seismic monitoring and passive source seismic exploration technology has made a major breakthrough, and seismic acquisition equipment is required to be developed from every recording for several seconds to ten seconds to continuous acquisition and recording, and the acquisition mode is developed from a wired connection mode to a node mode. For the wired connection mode, engineers adopt the same trigger signal as a synchronous acquisition signal, so that the synchronization of the acquired data is realized, and the acquisition recording time after each synchronization is shorter, the clock errors of different acquisition units are smaller, and the synchronization is within the technical allowable range. However, how to achieve synchronization and calibration between different acquisition units for a continuous acquisition system is a key technology in the development of seismic acquisition equipment. The existing single-point acquisition equipment utilizes GPS second pulse to carry out synchronization. However, the construction site often has complicated terrain, and the signal received by the GPS is influenced by the mountain ditches, forests, weather changes and the like. For the processing method that the GPS signal cannot be received, there are two main methods: firstly, stopping collecting when no GPS pulse exists; the other method is that the GPS pulse signal is not available, and the internal clock of the acquisition unit is used for acquisition. For the former, the synchronization accuracy is high, but the use range is limited; for the latter, a synchronization error may occur. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a single-point seismic acquisition system and a seismic data synchronization and calibration method capable of eliminating synchronization errors.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single-point seismic acquisition system and a synchronization and calibration method of seismic data, which can correct data format conversion and storage by storing information when a GPS can not output a second pulse in the acquisition process, solve the problem of continuous acquisition synchronization when PPS is absent under the conditions of complex terrain and complex weather, improve the application range of acquisition equipment, provide high-precision and high-quality data for the application of geophysical prospecting technologies such as microseism monitoring and the like, and obviously improve the accuracy of seismic exploration.
According to one aspect of the invention, a single-point seismic acquisition system is provided, which is characterized by comprising a data processor, a plurality of data recovery units and a plurality of single-point acquisition units, wherein: the data recovery units correspond to the single-point acquisition units one by one; the single-point acquisition unit receives an analog electric signal, converts the analog electric signal into a digital signal, and acquires and stores acquired data; the data recovery unit obtains the acquired data from the corresponding single-point acquisition unit and transmits the acquired data to the data processor; and the data processor receives the acquired data and performs correction processing on the acquired data.
Preferably, the single-point acquisition unit includes: the analog input module is used for inputting the analog electric signal to the AD conversion module; the AD conversion module is used for converting the analog electric signal into the digital signal and transmitting the digital signal to a central processing unit; the central processing unit is used for acquiring the acquired data according to the digital signal and transmitting the acquired data to the memory; the memory is used for receiving and storing the acquired data; the communication interface module acquires the acquired data from the memory and transmits the acquired data to the data recovery unit; the GPS module is connected with the synchronous signal module and used for acquiring PPS time; the oscillation module is connected with the synchronous signal module and is used for obtaining the CLK time; and the synchronous signal module is connected with the AD conversion module, acquires a synchronous signal according to the PPS time and the CLK time and synchronizes the single-point acquisition units.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method of synchronization and calibration of seismic data is provided. The method may include: step 1: converting the analog electric signal into a digital signal according to the analog electric signal to obtain collected data; step 2: judging whether PPS time exists or not, if not, starting CLK time, and after the CLK time is started, judging whether the PPS time is recovered or not, and if so, closing the CLK time; and step 3: marking the collected data in the CLK time as data to be processed; and 4, step 4: and correcting the data to be processed to obtain optimized seismic data, and further obtaining final seismic data.
Preferably, the step 2 includes: step 201: obtaining PPS time; step 202: judging the parameter change value of the PPS, if the parameter change value is 0, the PPS time exists, if the parameter change value is 1, the current PPS time is taken as PPS disappearance time, and CLK time is started; step 203: after the CLK time is started, judging the parameter change value of the PPS, if the parameter change value is 2, taking the current PPS time as the PPS recovery time, and closing the CLK time; step 204: clearing the PPS time and the CLK time, and repeating the step 201 and the step 204.
Preferably, the step 4 comprises: calculating the length of the data to be processed; calculating the length of theoretical data in the CLK time; calculating the length difference between the data to be processed and the theoretical data; and judging the size of the length difference and carrying out correction processing.
Preferably, the determining the size of the length difference and the performing the correction process includes: if the length difference is 0, the data to be processed is the optimized seismic data; if the length difference is larger than 0, deleting a plurality of data at intervals in the data to be processed to obtain the optimized seismic data; and if the length difference is less than 0, adding a plurality of data at the interval of the data to be processed to obtain the optimized seismic data.
Preferably, the number of the deleted or added data is equal to the value of the length difference.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and correcting the data adjacent to the deleted data or the added data.
Preferably, the correction processing includes: calculating an average value of the deleted data and adjacent data of the deleted data; replacing the neighboring data with the average.
Preferably, the correction processing includes: calculating an average value of the added data and neighboring data of the added data; replacing the neighboring data with the average.
The method and apparatus of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a single point seismic acquisition system according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a single point acquisition unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of the steps of a method of synchronization and calibration of seismic data according to the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a data processor; 2. a data recovery unit; 3. a single point acquisition unit; 301. a central processing unit; 302. an analog input module; 303. an AD conversion module; 304. a memory; 305. a communication interface module; 306. a synchronization signal module; 307. a GPS module; 308. and an oscillating module.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a single-point seismic acquisition system is provided, which is characterized by comprising a data processor, a plurality of data recovery units and a plurality of single-point acquisition units, wherein: the data recovery units correspond to the single-point acquisition units one by one; the single-point acquisition unit receives the analog electric signal, converts the analog electric signal into a digital signal, and acquires and stores acquired data; the data recovery unit acquires the acquired data from the corresponding single-point acquisition unit and transmits the acquired data to the data processor; the data processor receives the collected data and carries out correction processing on the collected data.
In one example, a single point acquisition unit includes: the analog input module is used for inputting an analog electric signal to the AD conversion module through the analog input module; the AD conversion module is used for converting the analog electric signal into a digital signal and transmitting the digital signal to the central processing unit; the central processing unit acquires the acquired data according to the digital signals and transmits the acquired data to the memory; the memory is used for receiving and storing the collected data; the communication interface module acquires the acquired data from the memory and transmits the acquired data to the data recovery unit; the GPS module is connected with the synchronous signal module and used for acquiring PPS time; the oscillation module is connected with the synchronous signal module and used for obtaining the CLK time; and the synchronous signal module is connected with the AD conversion module, acquires a synchronous signal according to the PPS time and the CLK time and synchronizes the plurality of single-point acquisition units.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a single point seismic acquisition system according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a single point acquisition unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Specifically, the single-point seismic acquisition system comprises a data processor 1, a plurality of data recovery units 2 and a plurality of single-point acquisition units 3, wherein: the data recovery units 2 correspond to the single-point acquisition units 3 one by one; the single-point acquisition unit 3 receives the analog electric signal, converts the analog electric signal into a digital signal, and acquires and stores acquired data; the data recovery unit 2 obtains the collected data from the corresponding single-point collection unit 3 in a wired or wireless mode and transmits the collected data to the data processor 1; the data processor 1 receives the collected data from the data collection unit 2 by a wired or wireless method, and performs correction processing on the collected data, and the data processor 1 is a computer in which a data management program is installed, and may be a server, a workstation, a desktop, a notebook, a tablet, or the like.
The single-point acquisition unit 3 includes: an analog input module 302, through which analog electrical signals are input to the AD conversion module 303; the AD conversion module 303 is used for converting the analog electric signal into a digital signal and transmitting the digital signal to the central processing unit 301; the central processing unit 301 obtains the acquired data according to the digital signal and transmits the acquired data to the memory 304; a memory 304 for receiving and storing the collected data; the communication interface module 305, the communication interface module 305 obtains the collected data from the memory 304, and transmits the collected data to the data recovery unit 2, and the communication mode may be a wired mode or a wireless mode; the GPS module 307 is connected with the synchronous signal module 306, and the PPS time is obtained through the GPS module 307; the oscillation module 308 is connected with the synchronization signal module 306, and obtains the CLK time through the oscillation module 308; the synchronizing signal module 306 is connected with the AD conversion module 303, obtains synchronizing signals according to the PPS time and the CLK time, and synchronizes the plurality of single-point acquisition units 3; the functions of synchronizing, collecting data and the like are controlled by the central processing unit 301.
The system stores the information when the GPS can not output the pulse per second in the acquisition process, corrects the information when data format conversion and storage are carried out, solves the problem of continuous acquisition synchronization when PPS is lost under the conditions of complex terrain and complex weather, improves the application range of acquisition equipment, provides high-precision and high-quality data for the application of geophysical prospecting technologies such as microseism monitoring and the like, and obviously improves the accuracy of seismic exploration.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a method for synchronization and calibration of seismic data is provided. The method can comprise the following steps: step 1: converting the analog electric signal into a digital signal according to the analog electric signal to obtain collected data; step 2: judging whether the PPS time exists or not, if not, starting the CLK time, and after the CLK time is started, judging whether the PPS time is recovered or not, and if so, closing the CLK time; and step 3: marking the collected data in the CLK time as data to be processed; and 4, step 4: and correcting the data to be processed to obtain optimized seismic data, and further obtaining final seismic data.
In one example, step 2 comprises: step 201: obtaining PPS time; step 202: judging the parameter change value of the PPS, if the parameter change value is 0, the PPS time exists, if the parameter change value is 1, the current PPS time is taken as the PPS disappearance time, and the CLK time is started; step 203: after the CLK time is started, judging the parameter change value of the PPS, if the parameter change value is 2, taking the current PPS time as the PPS recovery time, and closing the CLK time; step 204: clearing the PPS time and the CLK time, and repeating the steps 201 and 204.
In one example, step 4 comprises: calculating the length of data to be processed; calculating the length of theoretical data in the CLK time; calculating the length difference between the data to be processed and theoretical data; and judging the size of the length difference and carrying out correction processing.
In one example, the determining the size of the length difference and the performing the correction process includes: if the length difference is 0, the data to be processed is optimized seismic data; if the length difference is larger than 0, deleting a plurality of data at intervals in the data to be processed to obtain optimized seismic data; and if the length difference is less than 0, adding a plurality of data at the data interval to be processed to obtain optimized seismic data.
In one example, the amount of deleted or added data is equal to the value of the length difference.
In one example, further comprising: and correcting the data adjacent to the deleted data or the added data.
In one example, the correction process includes: calculating the average value of the deleted data and the adjacent data of the deleted data; the adjacent data are replaced with the average.
In one example, the correction process includes: calculating an average value of the added data and adjacent data of the added data; the adjacent data are replaced with the average.
Specifically, the synchronization and calibration method of seismic data may include:
step 1: and converting the analog electric signal into a digital signal according to the analog electric signal to obtain the acquired data.
The step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 201: obtaining PPS time;
step 202: judging the parameter change value of the PPS, if the parameter change value is 0, the PPS time exists, if the parameter change value is 1, the current PPS time is taken as the PPS disappearance time, and the CLK time is started;
step 203: after the CLK time is started, judging the parameter change value of the PPS, if the parameter change value is 2, taking the current PPS time as the PPS recovery time, and closing the CLK time;
step 204: clearing the PPS time and the CLK time, and repeating the steps 201 and 204.
The PPS time and the CLK time are synchronously timed, and the CLK time is adopted when the system cannot receive the PPS time.
And step 3: and marking the collected data in the CLK time as data to be processed.
And 4, step 4: calculating the length of data to be processed; calculating the length of theoretical data in the CLK time; calculating the length difference between the data to be processed and theoretical data; judging the size of the length difference, and performing correction processing: if the length difference is 0, the data to be processed is optimized seismic data; if the length difference is larger than 0, deleting a plurality of data at intervals in the data to be processed to obtain optimized seismic data; and if the length difference is less than 0, adding a plurality of data at the data interval to be processed to obtain optimized seismic data and further obtain final seismic data, wherein the number of the deleted or added data is equal to the length difference.
Further comprising: correcting the data adjacent to the deleted data or the added data, namely calculating the average value of the deleted (added) data and the deleted (added) data; the adjacent data are replaced with the average.
According to the method, the information that the GPS can not output the pulse per second is stored in the acquisition process, and the correction is carried out during data format conversion and storage, so that the problem of continuous acquisition synchronization when the PPS is lost under the conditions of complex terrain and complex weather is solved, the application range of acquisition equipment is enlarged, high-precision and high-quality data are provided for the application of geophysical prospecting technologies such as microseism monitoring and the like, and the accuracy of seismic exploration is obviously improved.
Application example
To facilitate understanding of the solution of the embodiments of the present invention and the effects thereof, a specific application example is given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The synchronization and calibration method of the seismic data comprises the following steps:
step 1: and converting the analog electric signal into a digital signal according to the analog electric signal to obtain the acquired data.
The step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 201: obtaining PPS time;
step 202: judging the parameter change value of the PPS, if the parameter change value is 0, the PPS time exists, if the parameter change value is 1, the current PPS time is taken as the PPS disappearance time, and the CLK time is started;
step 203: after the CLK time is started, judging the parameter change value of the PPS, if the parameter change value is 2, taking the current PPS time as the PPS recovery time, and closing the CLK time;
step 204: clearing the PPS time and the CLK time, and repeating the steps 201 and 204.
The PPS time and the CLK time are synchronously timed, and the CLK time is adopted when the system cannot receive the PPS time.
And step 3: and marking the collected data in the CLK time as data to be processed.
And 4, step 4: calculating the length of data to be processed; calculating the length of theoretical data in the CLK time; calculating the length difference between the data to be processed and theoretical data; judging the size of the length difference, and performing correction processing: if the length difference is 0, the data to be processed is optimized seismic data; if the length difference is larger than 0, deleting a plurality of data at intervals in the data to be processed to obtain optimized seismic data; and if the length difference is less than 0, adding a plurality of data at the data interval to be processed to obtain optimized seismic data and further obtain final seismic data, wherein the number of the deleted or added data is equal to the length difference.
Further comprising: correcting the data adjacent to the deleted data or the added data, namely calculating the average value of the deleted (added) data and the deleted (added) data; the adjacent data are replaced with the average.
If the length difference is larger than 0, deleting a plurality of data at intervals of the data to be processed to obtain optimized seismic data, and storing the data in an array to explain the method as follows:
let raw data be stored in array DAT0[ m ] (m being a positive integer), the first data to begin participating in the correction starts with DAT [0 ]. The corrected data is stored in the array DAT1[ n ] (n is a positive integer). The deleted data interval m1 is first calculated as the theoretical data length divided by the difference Δ L +1, i.e., m1 ═ int) L2/(Δ L + 1). The 1 st to m1-1 st data of DAT1[ ] is unchanged from the 1 st to m1-1 st data of DAT0[ ], DAT1[ m1] is the average value of DAT0[ m1] and DAT0[ m1+1], DAT1[ m1+1] is the average value of DAT0[ m1+1] and DAT0[ m1+2], that is, the m1+1 st data is deleted, and the m1 th and m1+2 nd data are corrected. Then, m1+2 to 2 × m1-1 data of DAT1[ ] is unchanged from m1+3 to 2 × m1-1 data equal to DAT0[ ], DAT1[2m1] takes the average of DAT0[2m1] and DAT0[2m1+2], DAT1[ m1+1] takes the average of DAT0[ m1+2] and DAT0[ m1+3], that is, 2m1+2 data is deleted, and 2m1+1 and 2m1+3 data are corrected. By analogy, Δ L data are deleted altogether, and 2 × Δ L data are corrected.
If the length difference is less than 0, adding a plurality of data in the data interval to be processed to obtain optimized seismic data, and storing the data in an array for description, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
let raw data be stored in array DAT0[ m ] (m being a positive integer), the first data to begin participating in the correction starts with DAT [0 ]. The corrected data is stored in the array DAT1[ n ] (n is a positive integer). The deleted data interval m1 is first calculated as the theoretical data length divided by the difference Δ L +1, i.e., m1 ═ int) L2/(Δ L + 1). The 1 st to m1-1 st data of DAT1[ ] is unchanged from the 1 st to m1-1 st data of DAT0[ ], and DAT1[ m1] takes the average of DAT0[ m1-1] and DAT0[ m1], i.e., the fit adds the m1 th data. Then, m1+1 to 2 × m1-1 of DAT1[ ] is equal to m1 to 2 × m1-2 of DAT0[ ], and DAT1[2m1] takes the average of DAT0[2m1-2] and DAT0[2m1-1], i.e., the fit adds 2 × m1 data. By analogy, the total fit is increased by 2 × Δ L data.
After the data correction is completed, format conversion is performed according to the corrected data, and the data is stored as a specified format file.
In conclusion, the invention stores the information that the GPS can not output the second pulse in the acquisition process, corrects the information in the data format conversion and storage process, solves the problem of continuous acquisition synchronization when the PPS is absent under the conditions of complex terrain and complex weather, improves the application range of acquisition equipment, provides high-precision and high-quality data for the application of geophysical prospecting technologies such as microseism monitoring and the like, and obviously improves the accuracy of seismic exploration.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (6)
1. A method for synchronizing and calibrating seismic data, comprising:
step 1: converting the analog electric signal into a digital signal according to the analog electric signal to obtain collected data;
step 2: judging whether PPS time exists or not, if not, starting CLK time, and after the CLK time is started, judging whether the PPS time is recovered or not, and if so, closing the CLK time;
and step 3: marking the collected data in the CLK time as data to be processed;
and 4, step 4: correcting the data to be processed to obtain optimized seismic data and further obtain final seismic data;
wherein the step 4 comprises:
calculating the length of the data to be processed;
calculating the length of theoretical data in the CLK time;
calculating the length difference between the data to be processed and the theoretical data;
judging the size of the length difference and carrying out correction processing;
wherein, judging the size of the length difference, and the correcting process comprises:
if the length difference is 0, the data to be processed is the optimized seismic data;
if the length difference is larger than 0, deleting a plurality of data at intervals in the data to be processed to obtain the optimized seismic data;
and if the length difference is less than 0, adding a plurality of data at the interval of the data to be processed to obtain the optimized seismic data.
2. A method of synchronization and calibration of seismic data according to claim 1, wherein said step 2 comprises:
step 201: obtaining PPS time;
step 202: judging the parameter change value of the PPS, if the parameter change value is 0, the PPS time exists, if the parameter change value is 1, the current PPS time is taken as the PPS disappearance time, and the CLK time is started;
step 203: after the CLK time is started, judging the parameter change value of the PPS, if the parameter change value is 2, taking the current PPS time as PPS recovery time, and closing the CLK time;
step 204: clearing the PPS time and the CLK time, and repeating the step 201 and the step 204.
3. A method of seismic data synchronization and calibration according to claim 1 wherein the number of data deleted or added is equal to the value of the length difference.
4. The seismic data synchronization and calibration method of claim 1, further comprising:
and correcting the data adjacent to the deleted data or the added data.
5. A method of synchronization and calibration of seismic data according to claim 4, wherein the correction process comprises:
calculating an average value of the deleted data and adjacent data of the deleted data;
replacing the neighboring data with the average.
6. A method of synchronization and calibration of seismic data according to claim 4, wherein the correction process comprises:
calculating an average value of the added data and neighboring data of the added data;
replacing the neighboring data with the average.
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| CN105350956A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-02-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Microseism data acquisition real-time monitoring system and method thereof |
| CN105403912A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-03-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Device and system for collecting seismic data |
| CN108107478B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-06-04 | 湖南科技大学 | Magnetotelluric synchronizing detection and real time inversion method and system |
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