CN110966892A - 一种折叠防弹盾牌 - Google Patents

一种折叠防弹盾牌 Download PDF

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CN110966892A
CN110966892A CN201910771329.0A CN201910771329A CN110966892A CN 110966892 A CN110966892 A CN 110966892A CN 201910771329 A CN201910771329 A CN 201910771329A CN 110966892 A CN110966892 A CN 110966892A
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shield
bulletproof
shield plate
ballistic
plate
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张传忠
刘宏亮
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/06—Shields
    • F41H5/08—Shields for personal use, i.e. hand held shields
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    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
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  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

现有的个人防弹装备存在结构简单，折叠不充分，不具备自动打开功能等缺点，不适合车内狭小空间单手操作。本发明公开的折叠防弹盾牌，包括盾板、执手、展开动力装置和展开控制装置。盾板的折叠靠自身变形实现，展开动力装置为设置在折叠盾板内的弹力装置或弹性结构，展开控制装置由按钮和插扣绑带等组成，与执手结合为一体，使用者单手操作即可使防弹盾牌迅速由折叠状态为伸展状态。

Description

一种折叠防弹盾牌
本申请是2016年07月25日提交的发明名称是“一种折叠防弹盾牌”申请号是“201610621494.4”，优先权日是2016年3月14日的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于个人使用防弹装置。
背景技术
随着防弹材料的技术进步和成本降低，防弹衣作为民用普通安防器材正被越来越广泛地接受，但将防弹衣作为普通服装日常穿着，作为非安保人员的普通人还是不能接受的。作为有可能遭受枪械攻击的机动车驾驶人员，一款可折叠并便于迅速展开的防弹盾牌，是一种不错的选择。
在现有的个人防弹装备中，已有警用或军用的折叠防弹装置，如专利文件CN103629977A、CN104776756A、US20150047940Al、US6691601、US6807890和US6886446所公开的可折叠个人防弹装置，存在结构简单，折叠不充分，不具备自动打开功能等缺点，不便于供驾车人员在狭小空间内单手操作使用。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种折叠防弹盾牌，包括软质盾板、执手、展开动力装置和展开控制装置。所述盾板为阻止弹道物体穿过的板状体，软质是指盾板的折叠是靠自身变形而非通过铰链结构的转动达到。折叠释放动力装置与盾板紧密连接，能够使防弹盾牌由折叠状态迅速转变为伸展状态并保持理想的形状。执手与盾板适当位置连接，便于握持。展开控制装置与执手结合为一体，能够使盾牌保持折叠状态并在使用者操作下使防弹盾牌迅速由折叠状态转换成伸展状态。所述的折叠，可以是折曲、卷曲或两者的结合。所述的折曲是指板状结构沿一条以上不直接相交的直线正反交替折成重叠结构，如我们通常折叠铝箔汽车遮阳板或纸折扇的扇面部分的折叠方式，所述的直线称为折线。所述卷曲是指板状结构沿一条直线作为轴线卷成类圆柱状。折曲与卷曲的结合包括直线+卷曲，就是先折叠成两层以上再卷成类圆柱状；折曲+折曲，就是先折曲成两层以上的结构再沿另一个方向通常是垂直方向折曲。这里的类圆柱状是指不一定十分规则的几何圆柱或圆管。
为了方便说明，这里对文中涉及的方向做统一规定：按照人在直立或端坐时将防弹盾牌置于人体正前方时的相对方向指向，垂直方向等同上下方向，水平方向等同左右方向，面对人体一侧的为后侧，背向人体的一侧为前侧。
作为具体方案的优选，盾板展开后在水平方向上的断面呈类弧形，如同常见的硬质防弹盾，其意义在于这样盾牌使用时趋于围绕人体，以同样的盾牌面积防护人体更大的方位角度并占用更小的周围空间，还可以使得软质盾板更好地对抗包括重力的外力影响，比较容易保持伸展状态。
所述的展开动力装置的可选方案中可选用金属弹簧或镍钛记忆合金超弹丝或超弹片，金属弹簧成本低，镍钛记忆合金更轻便。
所述的展开控制装置可以采用捆绑部件如绑带、连接锁定部件如插扣，插扣上设置展开触发按钮，还可以加上保险部件。这种插扣捆绑装置的连接锁定部件和展开触发部件的具体技术方案可以参考较简单的车门碰锁的机械结构。
本发明还公开了另一种折叠防弹盾牌的技术方案，在前一种的基础上，其盾板改为由数块具有类弧形曲线横截面的弹性盾板块经由同样具有阻止弹道物体穿过功能的软质类铰链结构连接而成，所述的类弧形曲线包括弧形、椭弧形和容许包含部分直线的总体上看近似为弧形或椭弧形的曲线，所述的软质类铰链结构指铰链的轴线容许为具有一定宽度的弯曲窄带，在忽略窄带的宽度、度厚度将其视为一条线的情况下，铰链的轴线能够在直线和所述的类弧形曲线之间变换。实际上，窄带的宽度通常约为盾板厚度的3-4倍。因防弹材料通常不具备显著的低张力伸缩特性，窄带宽于上述范围，窄带作为类铰链结构对相邻弹性盾板块的连接约束作用减弱，展开后盾牌的伸直状态可能变得不稳定；窄于上述范围，窄带弯曲折叠后大弯侧张力过大，盾牌的折叠变得困难，甚至可能会破坏弹性盾板块的结构。
该技术方案的展开动力装置由类弧形曲线横截面的弹性盾板块和软质类铰链结构共同构成。当盾牌处于折叠状态时，由于软质铰链和释放控制装置的绑带或拉索的约束，盾板块受迫变形为近平板状，机械能以弹性形变的方式储存在弹性盾板块中。当释放控制装置解除绑带或拉索的约束时，弹性盾板块恢复类弧形截面形状时在软质铰链的作用下迫使整个盾牌回复伸展状态。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
附图说明
图1.无窗折叠软盾的外观立体图
图2.上述装置的结构拆解立体图
图3.上述装置的折曲方式折叠立体示意图
图4.上述装置的卷曲方式折叠立体示意图
图5上述装置的执手局部剖开立体图，展示展开控制装置的结构
图6.有窗折叠软盾的外观立体图
图7.上述装置的结构拆解立体图
图8.上述装置的弹簧展开动力装置立体图
图9.上述装置的折曲加卷曲折叠方式立体示意图
图10.上图展示对象的另一观察角度
图11.类弧形曲面弹性盾板外观立体图示意图，展开状态
图12.同上图，唯弹性金属板示意处在剥离位置
图13.类弧形曲面弹性盾板折叠盾牌的外观立体图，折叠状态
图14.上述装置的外观立体图，展开状态
图15.上述装置的展开控制装置的主要功能部件局部立体图
图16.上述展开控制装置中间部件立体图
具体实施方式
实施例1
折叠软盾，参见附图1-5。
该实施例的技术方案具体包括：
可折叠的软质盾板1，参见附图1-2，最外层为保护外套11，根据使用场合不同可以由耐磨的合成纤维面料如尼龙、锦纶布，或耐曝晒老化的天然纤维面料如棉布、亚麻布制成。如需在野外场所使用还需考虑使用防水面料或涂层。中间设置防弹芯板12，可由常用的防弹布料层叠局部粘合或缝合而成，防弹布料可以采用碳纤维、芳纶布或高能聚乙烯防弹布，优选芳纶布或高能聚乙烯无纬布，是防止子弹穿透的主要结构。中间还可以设置支撑帘13，位于防弹芯板后侧，其形态类似普通竹帘，可以由细棒状材料用绳线编织而成，或由细棒状材料一侧粘贴布料而成，或由韧性高分子板材一侧切削出平行沟槽而成或由韧性高分子热成型而成。所起作用是便于盾板在折叠状态时由展开控制装置中的绑带平整约束，在展开状态时使得盾板呈较平整的平面或曲面。图中支撑帘细棒呈左右方向延伸至盾板边缘，因此盾板的折叠只限于上下方向的折叠。如果希望盾板在左右方向上折叠，则支撑帘的细棒设置为在上下方向上。支撑帘在盾板内不是必要部件，缺少该部件仅影响软盾折叠状态的紧凑性和外观整洁，不影响其功能发挥。
展开动力装置2，参见附图2，这里使用环形展开弹簧21，位于盾板保护套11内，防弹芯板12与支撑帘13外缘四周。在上部环形展开弹簧外设置支撑管22，作用是在展开使用时帮助维持更好的盾板形态。
执手3、参见附图1-5，位于盾板上端，包括手柄31与执手座32，分别与支撑管22和支撑帘13、防弹芯板12局部紧固连接。
展开控制装置4，参见附图5，包括与执手结合为一体的插扣41和用于约束盾板的绑带42。插扣41包括锁钩411、按钮412和复位弹簧413，弹簧顶板414。执手同时也是插扣的外罩壳，上面设置锁孔415。
绑带42一端为固定端421与盾板外套11或执手座32固定连接，另一端为控制端422，设置一个带孔的锁舌4221，可以经锁孔415与锁钩411连接并锁紧。
该装置备用时，按如附图3的折曲方式或如附图4的卷曲方式折好，绑带42环绕折叠的盾板，锁舌4331塞入锁孔415锁好即可。
使用时拇指向上手握执手手柄31，按下按钮412，锁舌解脱，盾板1弹开并垂下即可进入防护状态。
实施例2
折叠软盾，带观察窗，参见附图5-10。
在实施例1的基础上，增加了防弹观察窗5，并改进了展开动力2。具体技术方案包括：
盾板1，参见附图7，在盾板的上部设置安装观察窗安装孔14，安装孔14贯通整个盾板，到盾板上缘的距离达到足以在前面覆盖人体眼以上部位的尺寸。
执手3及展开控制装置4，参见附图5、6、7和9，与实施例1相同，位于紧邻观察窗的下方。防弹窗包括防弹玻璃51和框架52，防弹玻璃可以由高强度有机材料如聚碳酸酯或多层无机材料加高强韧性板材制成。防弹窗与防弹芯板12需牢固连接。执手座32可以与防弹窗框架结合成一体。
支撑帘的宽度小于盾板宽度的1/2，并将其位于观察窗5和执手3的部位设置成硬板状。
展开动力装置2，参见附图7-8，在防弹芯板的前后两侧分别设置数个横向展开弹簧组23，防弹芯板前侧设置压簧231，后侧设置拉簧232，分别用耐磨布料与防弹芯板12贴紧加固。压簧231两端与边缘连接件24连接，拉簧分两段，两侧与边缘连接件24连接，中间与支撑帘13或弹簧板25连接。通过设置压簧231和拉簧232的长度可以设置盾板展开后为平面或横向弧形曲面。弹簧板25设置在盾板1上部，覆盖执手3、观察窗5以上的部位，位于防弹芯板12和支撑帘13之间，在盾板1上缘卷成管状，环形展开弹簧21从管内穿过。
该装置备用时，按如附图9-10所示的折曲+卷曲的折叠方式，即盾板左右两侧向前向中间折曲，然后从下向上向前卷曲折好，将绑带锁舌4331塞入锁孔415锁好即可。
使用时拇指向上手握执手手柄31，按下按钮412，盾板1先上下展开，然后左右弹开即可进入防护状态。
实施例3
类弧形曲面弹性盾板折叠盾，参见附图11-16.
参见附图11-12。盾板1由四块具有类弧形曲线横截面的弹性盾板块101经由同样具有阻止弹道物体穿过功能的相当于软质类铰链结构的软质弯曲窄带102组成，窄带的宽度A约为盾板厚度B的3-4倍。
在实际制作时，整个折叠盾板的主要结构由多层软质防弹面料层1001与4快弹性金属板1011经强力固定而成。弹性金属薄板1011可以夹在软质防弹面料层1001的中间或位于该层的前、后一侧，弹性金属薄板1011的四周与软质防弹面料1001通过缝制、铆接或两者结合的方式固定成一体。这里优选将弹性金属薄板1011置于后侧，即类弧形曲线截面的小弯侧，并使用缝合固定。两块弹性金属薄板1011之间的距离A约为盾板厚度B的3-4倍。这样，盾板有弹性金属薄板重叠支撑的部位即构成了弹性盾板块101，弹性金属薄板之间的空缺部位即形成了软质类铰链结构的软质弯曲窄带102。所述的防弹材料可以选用芳纶布或高能聚乙烯无纬布。
弹性金属薄板置于盾板小弯侧的优点在于防弹面料弹性模量非常大，即在弱外力作用下通常视为没有显著的伸缩性，钢板的长度在同样条件下也视为不能压缩。将弹性金属薄板置于盾板小弯侧可以使得盾板在使用状态即伸展状态时每一层防弹面料都处于完全伸展状态，当受到弹道物体撞击时有利于迅速均匀的分散吸收冲击力，阻止其穿透盾板。在盾牌处于折叠状态时大弯侧防弹面料的被挤压变皱，但不会对防弹性能造成影响。另外将弹性金属薄板置于靠近人体的盾板小弯侧还可以分散弹道物体通过防弹面料传到给人体的冲击力，有利于防止或减轻弹道物体对人体造成的非穿透性损伤。
另一种制作方式是将相当于弹性盾板块部位的防弹面料用强力弹性胶水分层粘结成厚板，而相当于软质类铰链结构的部位不予粘结，保留分层。这样也可以形成与上面的制作方法类似的功能结构。
参见附图13-16。考虑到执手3的位置适宜设置在盾牌的顶端中间并位于靠近身体的小弯侧，折叠后的盾板需要两端捆绑才能形成较规则形状。展开控制装置主要由设置在执手上端的按钮400、按钮弹簧401、按钮推架402、滑动拨杆403、支架404，和设置在按钮以外的传导线405、弹簧锁舌406、束带407、束带插片408和固定罩壳支持部件409组成的双插扣捆绑装置。固定罩壳支持部件409及束带的固定端4071分别与最上端的弹性盾板块101固定连接。
使用时，拇指向上握住处于折叠待用状态的盾牌的执手，按下按钮400，两片滑动拨片403产生左右两个方向的牵拉动作，经传导线405传至弹簧锁舌406，弹簧锁舌406从束带插片408的通孔4081内拔出，束带解脱，折叠盾牌在弹性盾板块101的回复弹力的作用下弹开，盾牌迅速转换到伸展使用状态。

Claims (8)

1.一种防弹盾牌，包括能够折叠的盾板、执手、展开动力装置和展开控制装置；所述盾板为由连续的能够阻止弹道物体穿过防弹材料制成的板状体，能够通过自身变形实现折叠状态与伸展状态的转换；展开动力装置储存能够使盾板由折叠状态迅速转变为伸展状态所需的能量并使得展开的盾板保持理想的形状；执手与盾板适当位置连接，便于握持；展开控制装置能够使盾牌保持折叠状态，实现由握持盾牌的手单手操作就能完成防弹盾牌迅速由折叠状态转换成伸展状态的功能。
2.如权利要求1的防弹盾牌，其特征是盾板的折叠通过折曲、卷曲或两者的结合实现；所述的折曲是指板状结构沿一条以上不直接相交的直线正反交替折成重叠结构，所述的直线称为折线；所述卷曲是指板状结构沿一条直线作为轴线卷成类圆柱状，所述展开动力装置包括设置在盾板边缘的环形展开弹簧。
3.如权利要求1的防弹盾牌，其特征是所述的能够折叠的盾板为由数块具有类弧形曲线横截面的弹性盾板块经由同样具有阻止弹道物体穿过功能的软质类铰链结构连接而成，所述的类弧形曲线包括弧形、椭弧形和容许包含部分直线的总体上看近似为弧形或椭弧形的曲线，所述的软质类铰链结构指铰链的轴线容许为具有一定宽度的弯曲窄带，在忽略窄带的宽度、厚度将窄带视为一条线时，铰链轴线能够在直线和所述的类弧形曲线之间变换。
4.如权利要求3的防弹盾牌，其特征是所述的窄带的宽度约为盾板厚度的3-4倍。
5.如权利要求3的防弹盾牌，其特征是在所述的类弧形曲线横截面的弹性盾板块的由软质防弹面料层和弹性金属薄板层两个结构层组成，弹性金属薄板层夹在软质防弹面料层的中间或位于软质防弹面料层的前、后一侧，两层结构在弹性金属薄板四周强力固定。
6.如权利要求3的防弹盾牌，其特征是所述的弹性金属薄板层位于软质防弹面料层的小弯侧。
7.如权利要求1-6任选之一的防弹盾牌，其特征是所述的展开控制装置包括由插扣和绑紧折叠盾板的绑带组成的插扣捆绑装置。
8.如权利要求3-6任选之一的防弹盾牌，其特征是所述的展开控制装置为由设置在执手上的按钮、按钮弹簧、按钮推架、滑动拨杆、支架和设置在按钮以外的传导线、弹簧锁舌、束带、束带插片和固定罩壳支持部件组成的双插扣捆绑装置。
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