CN110946151A - Microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberries and application thereof - Google Patents

Microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberries and application thereof Download PDF

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CN110946151A
CN110946151A CN201911247076.3A CN201911247076A CN110946151A CN 110946151 A CN110946151 A CN 110946151A CN 201911247076 A CN201911247076 A CN 201911247076A CN 110946151 A CN110946151 A CN 110946151A
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gray mold
strawberry
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microbial biocontrol
biocontrol agent
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黄洁雪
吉沐祥
王晓琳
邬劼
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Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Hilly Area
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Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Hilly Area
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients

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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of crop disease control, and discloses a microbial biocontrol preparation for controlling gray mold of strawberries and application thereof, wherein the microbial biocontrol preparation comprises a microbial biocontrol preparation and an externally added organic material; the weight ratio of the microbial biocontrol agent to the externally added organic material is 0.5-0.8: 50-100, and the microbial biocontrol agent is trichoderma or EM (effective microorganisms). The invention has the advantages that: the EM bacteria and the trichoderma can effectively reduce the incidence rate of gray mold of strawberry; the rice bran bean cake is added, so that the control effect of biocontrol bacteria can be effectively improved; the organic materials are added from the outside to increase the number of the soil microorganisms, change the microbial community group and inhibit the growth of the botrytis cinerea.

Description

Microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberries and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop disease control, and particularly relates to a microbial biocontrol preparation for controlling strawberry gray mold and application thereof.
Background
The strawberry is introduced into China from the 80 th of the last century, gradually wins the favor of consumers due to the shape and the taste, and becomes an important economic crop due to considerable economic benefits. In Jiangsu areas, strawberries are mainly planted in greenhouses, but long-term continuous cropping causes disease and pest accumulation, wherein gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers is easy to outbreak in a large area in winter with low temperature and humidity. Botrytis cinerea can cause gray mold in fruits and aging organs, and can also affect vegetative tissues. The typical symptom of gray mold fruit is a large gray brown lesion at the stem tip; fruits are susceptible to infection at various maturity stages, especially at flowering, with stamens being the primary route of infection. In humid conditions, if plants are not sprayed with a fungicide, more than 80% of the strawberry flowers and fruits are lost. Strawberries in field growth and in storage, transportation and market are affected by botrytis cinerea. Infection of fruit with gray mold is the most common cause of strawberry rejection by fruit growers, owners and consumers, causing significant economic losses. At present, the prevention and control of field gray mold are mainly chemical bactericides and are assisted by biological prevention and control, but the general effect is poor and the cost is high. Under the conventional control conditions, the rapid propagation characteristic of the gray mold can cause the yield of the strawberries to be reduced by 10-20%, and can reach 50% in severe cases.
The current commonly used bactericides often have poor effects due to the rapid generation of drug resistance of germs and new legal limits, or the dosage has to be increased or a plurality of bactericides have to be mixed for use. Based on resistance studies of griseus strains in different regions, benomyl and azoxystrobin have been found to be essentially ineffective in the united states. In 2017, the hilly area of Jiangsu also found that azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin were completely ineffective, while only 40.30% of the strains showed moderate resistance in 2012; many investigations in Jiangsu, Hunan and Sichuan have found that nearly 50% of the strains are resistant to common fungicides such as boscalid, carbendazim, procymidone and pyrimethanil, but there are also agents which are less regionally resistant and can be used, such as iprodione and fludioxonil. The residue detection of carbendazim and various commonly used pesticides shows that the risk of pesticide residue caused by excessive and irregular use hinders transformation and upgrading of the strawberry industry. Therefore, a biological control method which is not easy to generate resistance and has high safety has been proposed. However, the effect of the microbial biocontrol agent in the actual agricultural production is often difficult to control, and the time is good and bad, because the soil nutrient and physical state, and the original microbes in the soil can influence the colonization and the play of the external microbial inoculum.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberries and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following means.
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises a microbial biocontrol agent and an exogenously added organic material; the weight ratio of the microbial biocontrol agent to the externally added organic material is 0.5-0.8: 50-100, and the microbial biocontrol agent is trichoderma or EM (effective microorganisms).
Further, the externally added organic materials are rice bran and bean cakes, and the weight ratio of the rice bran to the bean cakes is 1: 4.
Further preferably the weight ratio of trichoderma, rice bran and bean cake is 0.5:20:80 or the weight ratio of EM bacteria, rice bran and bean cake is 0.8:20: 80.
The microbial biocontrol agent for further preventing and treating the gray mold of the strawberries is applied to preventing and treating the gray mold of the strawberries.
Further, the application of the microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating the gray mold of the strawberry comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving the microbial biocontrol preparation in water with the weight being 10-20 times that of the microbial biocontrol preparation, and uniformly mixing the solution and an externally added organic material;
2) and (3) uniformly spreading the newly prepared microbial biocontrol agent on the ridge surface 50-60 days after the strawberry is transplanted, spraying water, covering a mulching film after the strawberry is kept wet, and then performing conventional field management.
And further, the strawberry transplanting time is from 8 months bottom to 9 months middle.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the EM bacteria and the trichoderma can effectively reduce the incidence rate of gray mold of strawberry;
2) the rice bran bean cake is added, so that the control effect of biocontrol bacteria can be effectively improved;
3) the organic materials are added from the outside to increase the number of the soil microorganisms, change the microbial community group and inhibit the growth of the botrytis cinerea.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of the addition of organic materials and biocontrol agents on the incidence of gray mold of strawberry;
FIG. 2 the effect of the addition of organic materials and biocontrol agents on the number of soil microbes;
note: in FIG. 1, the positive and negative error lines indicate standard error, different lower case letters on the graph bars indicate that the difference between treatments is significant (P < 0.05, Duncan method), and different lower case letters on the abscissa indicate that the difference between biocontrol agents is significant (P < 0.05);
in FIG. 2, the number of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil of 0 to 20cm per treatment was determined by dilution plate counting. A-C: test site 1; D-F: trial 2. The positive and negative error bars in fig. 2 represent standard error values, different lower case letters on the bars represent significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05, duncan), and different lower case letters on the abscissa represent significant differences between biocontrol agents (P < 0.05).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. The raw materials used in the invention are all commercial products. B, bacillus subtilis: the product name is green leaves, produced by Wuhan Kenuo Biotech GmbH, wettable powder, 1000 hundred million CFU/g. And (3) trichoderma: wettable powder, 2 hundred million CFU/g, produced by Shanghai Wanli Biotech, Inc. EM bacteria: the EM research institution of independent agency of China, Nanjing, stands for Lian environmental protection biotechnology (Nanjing) Limited, and 100% of the original fermentation liquor is produced.
Strawberry variety: red cheek.
The sites are located in 2 different plots of white rabbit town of Zhenju city, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province. Test site 1: continuously cropping the strawberry greenhouse for 10 years, wherein the pH value is 5.40, the organic matter content is 1.78%, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 271.32mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 245.82mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is 236.84 mg/kg. Test site 2: and continuously cropping the strawberry in the greenhouse for 2 years, wherein the pH value is 5.77, the organic matter content is 1.09%, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 75.69mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 73.88mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is 166.57 mg/kg.
Example 1
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises 500 g/mu of trichoderma, 20 kg/mu of rice bran and 80 kg/mu of bean cake, wherein the ratio of 20 kg/mu of rice bran to 80 kg/mu of bean cake is recorded as RB.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. And on the 55 th day, before mulching, the trichoderma is dissolved by 10 times of clear water, the trichoderma is sprayed on the rice bran and bean cakes while stirring until the mixture is uniformly mixed, the mixture is uniformly spread on the surfaces of the ridges, then a small amount of water is sprayed, and the mulching film is covered after the mixture is kept wet. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. 10m per cell2And planting 100 strawberries, repeating 3 times, randomly investigating the morbidity of 2 groups per cell, investigating 50 fruits per group, and recording the fruit sepal redness as the morbidity.
Incidence (%) × 100% (number of diseased fruits/total number of investigated fruits),
control effect (%) ═ control incidence-treatment incidence)/control incidence × 100%.
Example 2
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises 500 g/mu of trichoderma, 10 kg/mu of rice bran and 40 kg/mu of bean cake, wherein 1/2RB is recorded for 10 kg/mu of rice bran and 40 kg/mu of bean cake.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. And on the 55 th day, before mulching, the trichoderma is dissolved by 10 times of clear water, the trichoderma is sprayed on the rice bran and bean cakes while stirring until the mixture is uniformly mixed, the mixture is uniformly spread on the surfaces of the ridges, then a small amount of water is sprayed, and the mulching film is covered after the mixture is kept wet. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises 800 mL/mu EM bacteria, 20 kg/mu rice bran and 80 kg/mu bean cake, wherein the ratio of 20 kg/mu rice bran to 80 kg/mu bean cake is recorded as RB.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. And on the 55 th day, before mulching, diluting the EM bacterial liquid by using 10 times of clear water, spraying the EM bacterial liquid onto the rice bran bean cakes while stirring until the EM bacterial liquid is uniformly mixed, uniformly spreading the EM bacterial liquid on the surfaces of the ridges, spraying a small amount of water, keeping the ridges wet, and then covering with a mulching film. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises 800 mL/mu EM bacteria, 10 kg/mu rice bran and 40 kg/mu bean cake, wherein 1/2RB is recorded for 10 kg/mu rice bran and 40 kg/mu bean cake.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. And on the 55 th day, before mulching, diluting the EM bacterial liquid by using 10 times of clear water, spraying the EM bacterial liquid onto the rice bran bean cakes while stirring until the EM bacterial liquid is uniformly mixed, uniformly spreading the EM bacterial liquid on the surfaces of the ridges, spraying a small amount of water, keeping the ridges wet, and then covering with a mulching film. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises 500 g/mu of trichoderma.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. And on the 55 th day, before mulching, the trichoderma is dissolved by 10 times of clear water and sprayed to the soil surface, and after the soil surface is kept wet, the mulching film is covered. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberries comprises 800 mL/mu of EM bacteria.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. And on the 55 th day, before mulching, diluting the EM bacterial liquid with 10 times of clear water, spraying the diluted EM bacterial liquid to the soil surface, keeping the diluted EM bacterial liquid wet, and then covering the mulching film. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises 250 g/mu of bacillus subtilis.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. On the 55 th day, before mulching, the bacillus subtilis is dissolved by 10 times of clear water, sprayed to the soil surface, and covered with the mulching after the soil surface is kept wet. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises 125 g/mu of bacillus subtilis and 250 g/mu of trichoderma.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. On the 55 th day, before mulching, the bacillus subtilis and the trichoderma are dissolved by 10 times of clear water, sprayed to the soil surface, kept wet and covered with the mulching film. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises 250 g/mu of bacillus subtilis, 10 kg/mu of rice bran and 40 kg/mu of bean cake, wherein 1/2RB is recorded for 10 kg/mu of rice bran and 40 kg/mu of bean cake.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. On the 55 th day, before mulching, the bacillus subtilis is dissolved by 10 times of clear water, sprayed onto the rice bran bean cakes while stirring until being uniformly mixed, uniformly spread on the ridge surface, then sprayed with a small amount of water, kept wet and covered with mulching. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises 250 g/mu of bacillus subtilis, 20 kg/mu of rice bran and 80 kg/mu of bean cake, wherein the ratio of 20 kg/mu of rice bran to 80 kg/mu of bean cake is recorded as RB.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. On the 55 th day, before mulching, the bacillus subtilis is dissolved by 10 times of clear water, sprayed onto the rice bran bean cakes while stirring until being uniformly mixed, uniformly spread on the ridge surface, then sprayed with a small amount of water, kept wet and covered with mulching. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 7
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises 125 g/mu of bacillus subtilis, 250 g/mu of trichoderma, 10 kg/mu of rice bran and 40 kg/mu of bean cake, wherein 1/2RB is recorded for 10 kg/mu of rice bran and 40 kg/mu of bean cake.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. On the 55 th day, before mulching, the bacillus subtilis and the trichoderma are dissolved by 10 times of clear water, sprayed onto the rice bran bean cakes, uniformly spread on the surfaces of the ridges while stirring, sprayed with a small amount of water, kept wet and then covered with the mulching. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 8
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises 125 g/mu of bacillus subtilis, 250 g/mu of trichoderma, 20 kg/mu of rice bran and 80 kg/mu of bean cake, wherein RB is recorded in the form of 20 kg/mu of rice bran and 80 kg/mu of bean cake.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. On the 55 th day, before mulching, the bacillus subtilis and the trichoderma are dissolved by 10 times of clear water, sprayed onto the rice bran bean cakes, uniformly spread on the surfaces of the ridges while stirring, sprayed with a small amount of water, kept wet and then covered with the mulching. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 9
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises 10 kg/mu rice bran and 40 kg/mu bean cake, wherein 1/2RB is recorded for 10 kg/mu rice bran and 40 kg/mu bean cake.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. On the 55 th day, before mulching, the rice bran bean cakes are uniformly mixed and uniformly spread on the surfaces of the ridges, then a small amount of water is sprayed, and after the ridges are kept wet, mulching is covered. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 10
A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry comprises 20 kg/mu rice bran and 80 kg/mu bean cake, wherein RB is recorded as 20 kg/mu rice bran and 80 kg/mu bean cake.
The application of a microbial biocontrol preparation for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold comprises the following steps: ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. On the 55 th day, before mulching, the rice bran bean cakes are uniformly mixed and uniformly spread on the surfaces of the ridges, then a small amount of water is sprayed, and after the ridges are kept wet, mulching is covered. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 11
Ridging in last ten days of 9 months, wherein the ridge surface is 50-60cm, transplanting strawberry seedlings for 40-60 days, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and planting the strawberry seedlings at a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. And on the 55 th day, before mulching, spraying a small amount of clear water on the ridge surface, keeping moist, and then covering with the mulching film. The incidence of gray mold at the initial stage of the treatment was examined on the 54 th day after the treatment, and the incidence of gray mold at the peak stage of the treatment was examined on the 85 th day after the treatment. The statistical method was the same as in example 1.
Through statistical analysis of two experimental places, the incidence rate of gray mold of strawberry can be effectively reduced by EM (effective microorganisms) and trichoderma harzianum (figure 1), and the control effect of the EM and trichoderma harzianum is obviously higher than that of treatment combination of bacillus subtilis and half amount of bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum (table 1). In the test site 1 (fig. 1A and 1B) with the non-serious morbidity and the morbidity generally not more than 25%, the morbidity of the non-bacteria addition control in the initial stage of the morbidity is only 4.00-5.60%, the morbidity of the trichoderma and EM can be reduced to be below 1.60% (fig. 1A), the morbidity of the non-bacteria addition control in the peak period of the morbidity is 20.00-23.20%, the morbidity of the trichoderma and EM can be reduced to be below 7.60% (fig. 1B), and the control efficiency of the EM and trichoderma can be up to 60% (table 1). In trial 2 (fig. 1C and 1D), in which the control incidence is higher than 48%, although the control effect of all the microbial agents is obviously reduced, the control effect of trichoderma and EM bacteria is still relatively highest (table 1), and the incidence can be reduced to 20.40% -40.80% (fig. 1C and 1D). The application of bacillus subtilis can reduce the incidence rate of gray mold, but obviously has poor control effect, and the control effect is only 25.49 percent on average (table 1). The combination of treatments with half the amount of bacillus subtilis and trichoderma (1/2 bacillus subtilis +1/2 trichoderma) showed no advantage complementation, with control effects lower than bacillus subtilis alone and further lower than trichoderma alone (table 1), with no significant difference in incidence from the no bacteria control in heavily diseased plots (fig. 1C and 1D). Compared with single application of biocontrol bacteria, the rice bran bean cake added with the organic material shows a trend of decreasing morbidity (figure 1), wherein the control effect of the microbial inoculum can be effectively improved by externally adding the whole amount of the rice bran bean cake (RB), for example, the control effect of trichoderma + RB (86.00% + -4.47%) is obviously higher than that of trichoderma single application (62.00% + -6.52%) at the peak of morbidity, and the control effect of EM + RB (90.00% + -5.00%) is also obviously higher than that of EM (68.00% + -5.48%) at the peak of morbidity, and even bacillus subtilis with poor control effect and 1/2 bacillus subtilis +1/2 trichoderma show the trend (table 1). This indicates that providing sufficient organic matter as a carbon and nitrogen source for growth to the biocontrol microorganisms can enhance its control.
Compared with a single application of microbial inoculum, the number of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil is increased in two experimental lands by adding the organic material externally, the number is positively correlated with the organic material adding amount (figure 2), 1/2RB can increase the number of microorganisms by 0.43-8.86 times, RB can increase by 0.93-32.72 times, even if the experimental land 1 is longer than the experimental land 2 in cultivation time, the original microorganism abundance and composition are obviously different due to higher organic matter content and high-speed effective nutrients in the soil, namely the number of the culturable fungi and bacteria in the soil is 1 order of magnitude higher than that in the experimental land 2, and the two have the same trend.
TABLE 1 prevention of gray mold of strawberry by adding organic materials and biocontrol agent
Figure BDA0002308000050000081
Note: the values in the table represent the mean ± sem, and the left and right groups of different lower case letters in the same column represent significant differences between treatments and between biocontrol agents (P < 0.05, duncan).
The present invention has been described in terms of the above embodiments, and it should be understood that the above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalents or equivalent changes fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberries is characterized by comprising a microbial biocontrol agent and an externally added organic material; the weight ratio of the microbial biocontrol agent to the externally added organic material is 0.5-0.8: 50-100, and the microbial biocontrol agent is trichoderma or EM (effective microorganisms).
2. The microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the externally added organic materials are rice bran and bean cakes, and the weight ratio of the rice bran to the bean cakes is 1: 4.
3. The microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberry as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the weight ratio of trichoderma, rice bran and bean cake is preferably 0.5:20:80 or the weight ratio of EM bacteria, rice bran and bean cake is preferably 0.8:20: 80.
4. The microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold as defined in any one of claims 1-3, is applied to prevent and treat strawberry gray mold.
5. The application of the microbial biocontrol agent for controlling the gray mold of strawberries as claimed in claim 4, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) dissolving the microbial biocontrol preparation in water with the weight being 10-20 times that of the microbial biocontrol preparation, and uniformly mixing the solution and an externally added organic material;
2) and (3) uniformly spreading the newly prepared microbial biocontrol agent on the ridge surface 50-60 days after the strawberry seedlings are transplanted, spraying water, covering a mulching film after the strawberry seedlings are kept wet, and then performing conventional field management.
6. The application of the microbial biocontrol agent for controlling strawberry gray mold as claimed in claim 5, wherein the strawberry transplanting time is from 8 months bottom to 9 months middle.
CN201911247076.3A 2019-12-09 2019-12-09 Microbial biocontrol agent for preventing and treating gray mold of strawberries and application thereof Pending CN110946151A (en)

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