CN114208566A - Prevention and treatment method for anthracnose of tsaoko amomum fruits - Google Patents
Prevention and treatment method for anthracnose of tsaoko amomum fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN114208566A CN114208566A CN202111610309.9A CN202111610309A CN114208566A CN 114208566 A CN114208566 A CN 114208566A CN 202111610309 A CN202111610309 A CN 202111610309A CN 114208566 A CN114208566 A CN 114208566A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant protection, in particular to a method for preventing and treating anthracnose of tsaoko amomum fruits. The method for preventing and treating the anthracnose of the tsaoko amomum fruit comprises the following steps: s1 land selection and garden cleaning: selecting a plot without epidemic and insect pest outbreak, and disinfecting soil by using 50% carbendazim; s2 seed treatment: selecting disease-resistant variety, treating the seed before sowing, and soaking the seed in warm soup at 50 ℃ for 30 minutes; s3 cultivation and management, increasing shading degree, improving ventilation condition and reducing humidity of cultivation area; spraying Difeng Tianlu or a medium and trace element foliar fertilizer as an auxiliary in the seedling stage and the vigorous growth stage of the amomum tsao-ko; in the early stage of flowering and after harvesting, fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied, diseased tips are cut off in time, and diseased fruits are removed. The invention provides a method for preventing and treating anthracnose of tsaoko amomum fruits, which can effectively control the occurrence of the anthracnose of the tsaoko amomum fruits, and scientifically solve the harm of the anthracnose of the tsaoko amomum fruits by matching with novel chemical agent spraying in the aspects of agricultural measures such as gravity concentration, field cleaning, seed treatment, cultivation management and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant protection, in particular to a method for preventing and treating anthracnose of tsaoko amomum fruits.
Background
Amomum tsao-ko (Amomum tsao-ko) is a perennial evergreen clustered herb plant of the genus Amomum in the family Zingiberaceae, has a long history of food and medicine in China, and is a food seasoningOne of the five spices has the medicinal functions of eliminating dampness and cold, eliminating phlegm and checking malaria and the like. At present, through investigation of the Roxburgh anomala diseases and insect pests of Roxburgh anomala in Yunnan province, the expert team of the Noxburgh anomala academy of farming in 2014 to 2018, the Roxburgh anomala diseases and insect pests which have the greatest influence on yield and quality are the Roxburgh anomala leaf spot diseases, the incidence rate is high, the occurrence range is wide, and the total occurrence area of the Roxburgh anomala diseases reaches 1.67 multiplied by 104hm2The average annual loss of 5030 tons of tsaoko amomum fruits is, and the anthracnose in planting areas can cause the loss of the tsaoko amomum fruits to reach 10-30 percent.
Anthracnose of tsaoko amomum is mainly caused by the genus colletotrichum (Colletotrichumsp). When the foliar surface is damaged, the disease spots spread from the leaf margin to the veins, are brown and punctate at first and then turn white; the later stage is full of black granules which are conidium discs of pathogenic bacteria sporophore; when the disease is serious, several lesions are connected into pieces, and the leaves become brown and dry. When the fruit is damaged, brown round speckles are formed at the initial stage; the medium-term lesion spots are enlarged and sunken; in the later period of disease, fruit ears can be softened, rotted and fall off, and the yield and quality of the amomum tsao-ko are seriously affected.
Pathogens are planted in diseased parts or are left in soil along with diseased residues to live through winter through mycelium and meristem discs, and the diseases are serious when the pathogens are continuously applied to fields and low-lying areas and nitrogen fertilizers are applied to the fields or the insects are spread, and the rainwater is excessive.
At present, folk tsaoko planting continues to be in a traditional mode, most areas are still in a semi-wild cultivation state so far, and scientific cultivation and disease control measures and management methods are lacked. The novel chemical agent has the excellent characteristics of low toxicity, low residue and rapid systemic degradation, also has the functions of regulating and protecting the growth of plants, has advantages in the emergency prevention and treatment of disease outbreak, and has wider, timely and efficient management mode. For example, sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) have low toxicity to non-target organisms, act by inhibiting sterol biosynthesis, and are most effective against a variety of fungal diseases caused by ascomycetes and deuteromycetes.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preventing and treating anthracnose of tsaoko amomum fruits, which can effectively control the occurrence of the anthracnose of the tsaoko amomum fruits, and adopts agricultural measures links such as gravity irrigation, field selection, seed treatment, cultivation management and the like, and adopts a novel chemical agent for spraying, thereby scientifically solving the harm of the anthracnose of the tsaoko amomum fruits.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1), land selection and garden cleaning: selecting a plot without epidemic situation and insect pest outbreak, removing dead-leaf disease fruits before planting, and mixing 50% carbendazim wettable powder with soil to sterilize the soil, thereby reducing the initial infection pathogens.
S2), seed treatment: selecting disease-resistant variety, treating the seed before sowing, soaking the seed in warm soup at 50 deg.C for 30 min, air drying, and sowing, or soaking the seed in bactericide for 50 min, washing with clear water, air drying, and directly sowing.
S3), cultivation management: increase the shading degree: reasonably planting in a sparse way, and avoiding long-term root burying due to ditch water; the ventilation condition is improved to reduce the humidity of the cultivation area, and the shading degree is properly increased to be about 0.5; spraying Difeng Tianlu (foliar fertilizer) or medium trace element foliar fertilizer as an auxiliary in the seedling stage and the vigorous growth stage of the amomum tsao-ko; in the early stage of flowering and after harvesting, fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to improve the disease resistance; at the early stage of disease, the diseased shoots are cut off and the diseased fruits are removed in time. S4), drug control: the method is characterized in that 800 times of liquid of 20% penthiopyrad suspending agent or 1000 times of liquid of 40% prochloraz emulsion in water are sprayed on leaf surfaces from the early stage of disease attack to the early stage, and the spraying liquid can also be mixed with 80% mancozeb wettable powder or 240g/L azoxystrobin suspending agent for compounding and application, so that the disease resistance and treatment effect is improved, and the spraying liquid is continuously sprayed for more than 3 times 1 time every 7 days.
The invention solves the defects in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:
1. the drug effect is high. The pesticide effect of the penthiopyrad and the prochloraz can reach more than 90 percent.
2. The safety is good. The bactericide such as penthiopyrad and prochloraz is an environment-friendly medicament and has the characteristics of high efficiency and low toxicity. The penthiopyrad has few residues, is determined to have lower health risk according to the food safety standard, and is evaluated as a safer high-efficiency bactericide.
3. Low cost and simple control method. The pesticide has high pesticide effect and obvious effect of preventing and treating the anthracnose of the tsaoko amomum fruit, and can be mixed with other medicaments for compounding, so that the drug resistance risk of pathogenic bacteria to the medicaments is reduced, the use amount and the use times of the pesticide are reduced, and the cost is lower.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Test 1
Bacteriostatic test of medicament on anthracnose pathogen of tsaoko amomum fruit
1. Identification of pathogenic bacteria
1.1 Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) Medium: 20g of glucose, 200g of potatoes, 20g of agar and 1000mL of distilled water.
1.2 separation and purification of pathogenic bacteria 5mm × 5mm tissue is cut at the boundary of disease health of the onset anthracnose, sterilized in 70% alcohol for 5s, sterilized with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 30s, rinsed 3 times with sterile water, placed on a PDA plate, cultured in an incubator at 25 + -2 deg.C for 5d, and then picked at the edge of the colony to separate. The obtained strain is further purified and cultured, and then is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use.
1.3 inoculating pathogenic bacteria, inoculating anthrax bacteria cultured in PDA for 7 days, taking the edge of anthrax bacteria with a punch with diameter of 6mm, making into fungus cake, inoculating to the leaf of fructus Tsaoko, periodically observing the characteristics of scab, separating pathogenic bacteria from scab, culturing, comparing with the original inoculated pathogenic bacteria, and determining the pathogenic bacteria of fructus Tsaoko anthrax.
2. Bacteriostasis test
2.1 test agent: 400g/L Pyrimethanil suspending agent, Bayer crop science, Inc., 40% Myclobutanil suspending agent, Fujian New agricultural and major bioengineering, Inc., 40% Prochloraz (Prochlorez) emulsion in water, Shanxi Honghua chemical industry, Inc., 80% Mancozeb (Mancozeb) wettable powder, Andao Mai, Inc., 240g/L Azoxystrobin (Azoxystrobin) suspending agent, Sekom crop science, Inc., 20% Penthiopyrad (Penthiopyrad) suspending agent, and Sekom crop science, Inc.
2.2 Effect of Agents on the growth of hyphae of pathogenic bacteria
2.2 measurement by hypha growth rate method. Heating the culture medium, cooling to about 50 deg.C, pouring into 100mL sterile conical flasks respectively, diluting the mother liquid of the medicine into a series of concentrations based on the preliminary test, adding into the conical flasks respectively, stirring uniformly, pouring 10m L culture medium containing medicine into each culture dish, and repeating each treatment for 3 times by using PDA culture medium without medicine as control. Activating and culturing the preserved strains in a sterile PDA culture medium, randomly selecting 3 pathogenic bacteria culture media for each strain after culturing for 6 days, punching a bacterial cake with the diameter of 5mm at the edge of a bacterial colony by using a puncher, inoculating a hypha block to the middle of a solidified medicament culture medium and a blank control culture medium, carrying out inverted culture at the constant temperature of 25 ℃, measuring the diameter of the bacterial colony every 3 days until the bacterial colony of the blank control group accounts for 80 percent of the culture dish. The diameter of each of the obtained treated colonies was measured by a vertical cross method, and the hypha growth inhibition rate, which is (control colony diameter-treated colony diameter)/(control colony diameter-cake diameter) × 100%, was calculated.
2.3 virulence EC50Value of
EC was calculated using Probit regression analysis of SPSS 20.0 software50The value is obtained. Establishing a toxicity regression equation by taking the logarithm value of the concentration of the medicament as an independent variable x and the probability value of the bacteriostatic rate as a dependent variable y, and calculating the concentration EC in inhibition of each medicament by the toxicity regression equation50Value, EC50Smaller values indicate a more virulent agent.
2.4 agent interaction resistance assay
Application of bacteria to EC of medicament50Logarithmic value, Spear-man's rank correlation coefficient analysis, P<0.05, indicating that cross-resistance exists among the 2 agents; p>0.05, which indicates that the 2 medicaments have no cross resistance and can be compounded or used alternately.
TABLE 1 susceptibility of the pathogenic bacteria of Hawthorn anthracnose (Colletotrichumsp.) to 6 agents
The virulence results of 6 medicaments on the anthracnose grass fungi show that the penthiopyrad has good bacteriostatic effect on pathogenic bacteria at each concentration, the hypha growth inhibition rate reaches over 93.27 percent, and penthiopyrad and prochloraz have disease resistanceBacterium EC50The lowest value, the most virulent, EC with other agents50Significant difference (P) between values<0.05). EC of penthiopyrad against pathogen50The value is between 0.03 and 0.07 mu g/mL, and the average value is 0.04 mu g/mL; EC of prochloraz against germ50The values were between 0.05and 0.09. mu.g/mL, with an average value of 0.08. mu.g/mL.
TABLE 2 correlation coefficient analysis of virulence between agents
Indicates significant differences at the P0.05 and P0.01 levels, respectively. Index signature at P ═ 0.05and P ═ 0.01, respecively.
lgEC against Colletotrichum caerulea by each agent50The correlation analysis shows that no obvious correlation exists between prochloraz and penthiopyrad and the pyrimethanil, the mancozeb and the azoxystrobin, and no cross resistance exists between medicaments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preventing and treating anthracnose of tsaoko amomum fruit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1), land selection and garden cleaning: selecting a plot without epidemic situation and insect pest outbreak, removing dead-leaf disease fruits before planting, and mixing 50% carbendazim wettable powder with soil to sterilize the soil, so as to reduce the initial infection pathogen;
s2), seed treatment: selecting disease-resistant variety, treating seeds before sowing, soaking seeds in warm soup at 50 deg.C for 30 min, air drying, and sowing, or soaking seeds in bactericide for 50 min, washing with clear water, air drying, and sowing;
s3), cultivation management: the shading degree is increased, the plants are reasonably planted in a thin way, and the long-term root system submerging of ditch water is avoided; improving ventilation conditions to reduce the humidity of the cultivation area; spraying Difeng Tianlu or a medium and trace element foliar fertilizer as an auxiliary in the seedling stage and the vigorous growth stage of the amomum tsao-ko; in the early stage of flowering and after harvesting, fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied, disease resistance is improved, and in the early stage of disease development, diseased tips are cut off and diseased fruits are removed in time.
2. The method for controlling anthracnose of tsaoko amomum fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method also comprises the step of preventing and treating by using a medicament, wherein the herbicide is sprayed on the leaf surfaces by using 800 times of 20% penthiopyrad suspending agent or 1000 times of 40% prochloraz aqueous emulsion from the early stage to the initial stage of the anthracnose of the tsaoko, or is mixed with 80% mancozeb wettable powder or 240g/L azoxystrobin suspending agent for compounding and application, so that the disease-resistant and disease-treating effects are improved, and the herbicide is continuously sprayed for more than 3 times every 7 days for 1 time.
3. The method for controlling anthracnose of tsaoko amomum fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the shading degree is 0.5.
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| CN112998183A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-06-22 | 西南大学 | Fresh-keeping storage method of fresh tsaoko fruits |
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