CN110946136B - 一种小麦种子包衣剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于包衣剂技术领域,具体涉及一种小麦种子包衣剂及其制备方法。该包衣剂通过以下原料制备而成:苯氟磺胺0.08‑0.10份、薄荷脑0.01‑0.02份、细胞分裂素0.01‑0.02份、海藻糖醇4‑5份、直链淀粉2‑3份、甲氧基聚乙二醇10‑20份、碳酸氢钙3‑5份、水杨酸1‑2份、阿拉伯胶20‑30份。本发明制备的包衣剂,直接将种子和包衣剂按照药种比进行混合搅拌即可,能够在小麦种子表面形成均一的衣膜,稳定性好,衣膜不易脱落;经过包衣后的小麦种子,发芽率高,能够减少病虫害的发生,减少农药使用量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于包衣剂技术领域,具体涉及一种小麦种子包衣剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
种子包衣剂一般是指在种子表面包裹上一层药膜。小麦在种植过程中,种子包衣能够提高种子发芽率和成芽率,促进幼苗发育,包衣技术对小麦增产具有十分重要的作用。小麦种子通过包衣技术处理后具有明显保苗壮株的效果。目前,小麦种子包衣主要存在以下问题:(1)小麦种子包衣剂品种单一:大多数种子包衣剂不分品种、不分区域,统一使用一种种衣剂,很难达到种子包衣的目的,造成了防治效果不理想及资源的浪费;(2)包衣剂包衣效果差:目前很多包衣剂往往达不到包衣质量要求,种子沾上药剂的面积小,很多甚至不足50%,能被种子包衣剂全部包裹的种子仅有10-20%,包衣效果差,且衣膜容易脱落,使得小麦产量下降,且小麦种衣剂进行使用时,需要经过预混桶拌匀后再泵入药箱,然后按照比例对种子进行包衣,操作繁琐,要求高。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在问题,本发明提供了一种新型环保的小麦种子包衣剂。
本发明还提供了一种小麦种子包衣剂的制备方法。
本发明为了实现上述目的所采用的技术方案为:
本发明提供了一种小麦种子包衣剂,通过以下原料制备而成:苯氟磺胺0.08-0.10份、薄荷脑0.01-0.02份、细胞分裂素0.01-0.02份、海藻糖醇4-5份、直链淀粉2-3份、甲氧基聚乙二醇10-20份、碳酸氢钙3-5份、水杨酸1-2份、阿拉伯胶20-30份。
本发明还提供了一种上述小麦种子包衣剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将苯氟磺胺、薄荷脑、细胞分裂素、海藻糖醇及直链淀粉混合后,得预混液,加入乙醇水溶液,搅拌均匀后,加热至100-110℃,搅拌20-30min,冷却至室温得淀粉糊备用;
(2)将甲氧基聚乙二醇、碳酸氢钙及阿拉伯胶混合,将混合物中加入水,加热至80-85℃,搅拌至形成均一混合液,备用;
(3)将淀粉糊和混合液混合均匀,然后放入胶体磨进行胶体化处理2-3次,每次2min;
(4)将胶体化后的溶液搅拌过程中逐滴加入水杨酸,滴加完毕后继续搅拌8-10min,然后进行喷雾干燥即可。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,所述乙醇水溶液的加入量占预混液质量3-5倍。
进一步的,所述乙醇水溶液的体积浓度为60-70%。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,所述水的加入量占混合物质量的2-3倍。
进一步的,步骤(4)中,所述搅拌的速率为6500-7000r/min。
本发明所使用的喷雾干燥的条件为:进口风温为110-120 ℃,出风温度 50-60℃,进料流量为50-90 mL/min。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明制备的包衣剂,直接将种子和包衣剂按照药种比进行混合搅拌即可,能够在小麦种子表面形成均一的衣膜,稳定性好,衣膜不易脱落;
(2)经过包衣后的小麦种子,发芽率高,能够减少病虫害的发生,减少农药使用量。
(3)本发明制备的包衣剂,能够形成微胶囊结构,具有缓释效果,对小麦种子长期进行保护,能够在小麦种子的周边环境中建立长期有效的保护范围。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的解释和说明。
实施例1
一种小麦种子包衣剂,原料组成为:苯氟磺胺0.08份、薄荷脑0.01份、细胞分裂素0.02份、海藻糖醇4份、直链淀粉3份、甲氧基聚乙二醇15份、碳酸氢钙3份、水杨酸1份、阿拉伯胶24份。
制备方法如下:
(1)将苯氟磺胺、薄荷脑、细胞分裂素、海藻糖醇及直链淀粉混合后,得预混液,加入占预混液3倍的体积浓度为70%的乙醇水溶液,搅拌均匀后,加热至100-110℃,搅拌20min,冷却至室温得淀粉糊备用;
(2)将甲氧基聚乙二醇、碳酸氢钙及阿拉伯胶混合,加入占混合物质量的2-3倍水,加热至80-85℃,搅拌至形成均一混合液,备用;
(3)将淀粉糊和混合液混合均匀,然后放入胶体磨进行胶体化处理2次,每次2min;
(4)将胶体化后的溶液搅拌过程中逐滴加入水杨酸,滴加完毕后继续以6500r/min搅拌10min,然后进行喷雾干燥即可。
实施例2
一种小麦种子包衣剂,原料组成为:苯氟磺胺0.09份、薄荷脑0.02份、细胞分裂素0.01份、海藻糖醇-5份、直链淀粉3份、甲氧基聚乙二醇18份、碳酸氢钙5份、水杨酸2份、阿拉伯胶28份。
制备方法如下:
(1)将苯氟磺胺、薄荷脑、细胞分裂素、海藻糖醇及直链淀粉混合后,得预混液,加入占预混液4倍的体积浓度为65%的乙醇水溶液,搅拌均匀后,加热至100-110℃,搅拌30min,冷却至室温得淀粉糊备用;
(2)将甲氧基聚乙二醇、碳酸氢钙及阿拉伯胶混合,加入占混合物质量的3倍水,加热至80-85℃,搅拌至形成均一混合液,备用;
(3)将淀粉糊和混合液混合均匀,然后放入胶体磨进行胶体化处理2次,每次2min;
(4)将胶体化后的溶液搅拌过程中逐滴加入水杨酸,滴加完毕后继续以7000r/min搅拌8min,然后进行喷雾干燥即可。
实施例3
一种小麦种子包衣剂,原料组成为:苯氟磺胺0.10份、薄荷脑0.01份、细胞分裂素0.015份、海藻糖醇5份、直链淀粉2份、甲氧基聚乙二醇20份、碳酸氢钙4份、水杨酸1.5份、阿拉伯胶30份。
制备方法如下:
(1)将苯氟磺胺、薄荷脑、细胞分裂素、海藻糖醇及直链淀粉混合后,得预混液,加入占预混液3倍的体积浓度为65%的乙醇水溶液,搅拌均匀后,加热至100-110℃,搅拌30min,冷却至室温得淀粉糊备用;
(2)将甲氧基聚乙二醇、碳酸氢钙及阿拉伯胶混合,加入占混合物质量的3倍水,加热至80-85℃,搅拌至形成均一混合液,备用;
(3)将淀粉糊和混合液混合均匀,然后放入胶体磨进行胶体化处理2-3次,每次2min;
(4)将胶体化后的溶液搅拌过程中逐滴加入水杨酸,滴加完毕后继续以6800r/min搅拌10min,然后进行喷雾干燥即可。
对比例1
一种小麦种子包衣剂,原料组成为:苯氟磺胺0.08份、薄荷脑0.01份、细胞分裂素0.02份、海藻糖醇4份、直链淀粉3份、甲氧基聚乙二醇15份、碳酸氢钙3份、阿拉伯胶24份。
制备方法如下:
(1)将苯氟磺胺、薄荷脑、细胞分裂素、海藻糖醇及直链淀粉混合后,得预混液,加入占预混液3倍的体积浓度为70%的乙醇水溶液,搅拌均匀后,加热至100-110℃,搅拌20min,冷却至室温得淀粉糊备用;
(2)将甲氧基聚乙二醇、碳酸氢钙及阿拉伯胶混合,加入占混合物质量的2-3倍水,加热至80-85℃,搅拌至形成均一混合液,备用;
(3)将淀粉糊和混合液混合均匀,然后放入胶体磨进行胶体化处理2次,每次2min;
(4)将胶体化后的溶液进行喷雾干燥即可。
对比例2
一种小麦种子包衣剂,原料组成为:苯氟磺胺0.08份、薄荷脑0.01份、细胞分裂素0.02份、海藻糖醇4份、直链淀粉3份、甲氧基聚乙二醇15份、碳酸氢钙3份、水杨酸1份、阿拉伯胶24份。
制备方法如下:
(1)将苯氟磺胺、薄荷脑、细胞分裂素、海藻糖醇及直链淀粉混合后,得预混液,加入占预混液3倍的体积浓度为70%的乙醇水溶液,搅拌均匀后,加热至100-110℃,搅拌20min,冷却至室温得淀粉糊备用;
(2)将碳酸氢钙及阿拉伯胶混合,加入占混合物质量的2-3倍水,加热至80-85℃,搅拌至形成均一混合液,备用;
(3)将淀粉糊和混合液混合均匀,然后放入胶体磨进行胶体化处理2次,每次2min;
(4)将胶体化后的溶液搅拌过程中逐滴加入水杨酸,滴加完毕后继续以6500r/min搅拌10min,然后进行喷雾干燥即可。
对比例3
一种小麦种子包衣剂,原料组成同实施例1。
制备方法如下:
(1)将各原料混合均匀,然后放入胶体磨进行胶体化处理2次,每次2min;
(4)将胶体化后的溶液以6500r/min搅拌10min,然后进行喷雾干燥即可。
对比例4
一种小麦种子包衣剂,原料组成同实施例1。
制备方法如下:
(1)将苯氟磺胺、薄荷脑、细胞分裂素、海藻糖醇及直链淀粉混合后,得预混液,加入占预混液3倍的水,搅拌均匀后,加热至100-110℃,搅拌20min,冷却至室温得淀粉糊备用;
(2)将甲氧基聚乙二醇、碳酸氢钙及阿拉伯胶混合,加入占混合物质量的2-3倍水,加热至80-85℃,搅拌至形成均一混合液,备用;
(3)将淀粉糊和混合液混合均匀,然后放入胶体磨进行胶体化处理2次,每次2min;
(4)将胶体化后的溶液搅拌过程中逐滴加入水杨酸,滴加完毕后继续以6500r/min搅拌10min,然后进行喷雾干燥即可。
效果实施例
(一)将实施例1-3及对比例1-3制备的种子包衣剂对小麦种子进行包衣处理,处理方法如下:将制备的包衣剂按照1:3的比例加入水,然后搅拌均匀形成均一的混合液,然后将小麦种子加入到混合液中,混合液没过小麦种子即可,搅拌2min,为了便于观察包衣剂是否完整的包裹于小麦种子上,将混合液中加入番茄红素作为标记,每个实验组进行3次重复,每次试验100粒种子,统计种子包衣成功率,包衣率=(红色覆盖90%以上的种子/种子总量)×100%;同时,将包衣后的小麦种子捞出后静置,常温下放置两个星期后,统计包衣脱落率,脱落超过30%,即统计为脱落,具体统计结果见表1。
表1
(二)将实施例1-3及对比例1-3包衣后的小麦种子置于铺有滤纸的培养皿内,加一定量的去离子水,然后放入25℃的恒温光照培养箱中催芽,各个实验组的萌发条件相同,每个培养皿内有100粒种子,每个处理重复3次,同时设置空白对照组,空白对照组小麦种子不进行包衣,直接加入去离子水浸种,统计种子发芽率、发芽势及活力指数,其中,发芽率=(全部于第7天正常发芽种子数/供试种子数)×100%;发芽势=(发芽高峰期第3d全部正常发芽种子数/供试种子数);活力指数=幼苗平均鲜重×发芽指数;发芽指数=Σ(第n天的发芽数/发芽日数),具体统计结果见表2。
表2
(三)将实施例及对比例制备的包衣剂检测其微胶囊包埋率及稳定性,其中,包埋率采用间接法测定;稳定性为将包衣剂加水后,搅拌均匀后静置,静置1周后观察是否分层,具体结果见表3。
表3
Claims (6)
1.一种小麦种子包衣剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述包衣剂通过以下原料制备而成:苯氟磺胺0.08-0.10份、薄荷脑0.01-0.02份、细胞分裂素0.01-0.02份、海藻糖醇4-5份、直链淀粉2-3份、甲氧基聚乙二醇10-20份、碳酸氢钙3-5份、水杨酸1-2份、阿拉伯胶20-30份;
具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将苯氟磺胺、薄荷脑、细胞分裂素、海藻糖醇及直链淀粉混合后,得预混物,加入乙醇水溶液,搅拌均匀后,加热至100-110℃,搅拌20-30min,冷却至室温得淀粉糊备用;
(2)将甲氧基聚乙二醇、碳酸氢钙及阿拉伯胶混合,将混合物中加入水,加热至80-85℃,搅拌至形成均一混合液,备用;
(3)将淀粉糊和混合液混合均匀,然后放入胶体磨进行胶体化处理2-3次,每次2min;
(4)将胶体化后的溶液搅拌过程中逐滴加入水杨酸,滴加完毕后继续搅拌8-10min,然后进行喷雾干燥即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述乙醇水溶液的加入量占预混物质量3-5倍。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述乙醇水溶液的体积浓度为60-70%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述水的加入量占混合物质量的2-3倍。
5.根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述搅拌的速率为6500-7000r/min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述喷雾干燥的条件为:进口风温为110-120 ℃,出风温度 50-60 ℃,进料流量为50-90 mL/min。
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